Biology:Rhinoptera
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Rhinoptera is a genus of ray commonly known as the cownose rays.[1] This genus is the only member of the family Rhinopteridae.
These rays feed on mollusks and various other benthic prey.[2]
Their low fecundity rate and late maturity makes them susceptible to overfishing.[2] All species of this genus are included in the IUCN Red List of Threatened species.[2]
Species
There are currently 8 recognized extant (living) species in this genus:[1]
| Image | Scientific name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|
| Rhinoptera adspersa J. P. Müller & Henle, 1841 (rough cownose ray) | Indo-West Pacific off India, Malaysia, and the East Indies. | |
| 180px | Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill, 1815) (cownose ray) | western Atlantic and Caribbean, from New England to southern Brazil |
| 180px | Rhinoptera brasiliensis J. P. Müller, 1836 (Brazilian cownose ray) | southern tip of Brazil to western Florida. |
| 180px | Rhinoptera javanica J. P. Müller & Henle, 1841 (flapnose ray) | Indo-Pacific off China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mozambique, Pakistan, the Philippines, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Vietnam and possibly Australia |
| 180px | Rhinoptera jayakari Boulenger, 1895 (Oman cownose ray) | from South Africa to the Philippines; north to Ryukyu Is. and south to eastern Indonesia. |
| 180px | Rhinoptera marginata (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) (Lusitanian cownose ray) | |
| 180px | Rhinoptera neglecta J. D. Ogilby, 1912 (Australian cownose ray) | Western Pacific Ocean from Queensland to New South Wales in Australia. |
| 180px | Rhinoptera steindachneri Evermann & O. P. Jenkins, 1891 (Pacific cownose ray) | East Pacific along the coast of Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Peru. |
There are several other extinct species that only are known from fossil remains:
- †Rhinoptera prisca Woodward, 1907
- †Rhinoptera rasilis Böhm, 1926
- †Rhinoptera raeburni White, 1934
- †Rhinoptera schultzi Hiden, 1995
- †Rhinoptera sherborni White, 1926
- †Rhinoptera smithii Jordan & Beal, 1913
- †Rhinoptera studeri Agassiz, 1843
- †Rhinoptera woodwardi Agassiz, 1843
See also
- List of prehistoric cartilaginous fish
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2015). Species of Rhinoptera in FishBase. April 2015 version.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Tagliafico, Alejandro; Butcher, Paul A.; Colefax, Andrew P.; Clark, Graeme F.; Kelaher, Brendan P. (2020). "Variation in cownose ray abundance and group size on the central east coast of Australia" (in en). Journal of Fish Biology 96 (2): 427–433. doi:10.1111/jfb.14219. ISSN 1095-8649. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfb.14219.
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