Biology:Rhododendron luteum

Rhododendron luteum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Ericales
Family:	Ericaceae
Genus:	Rhododendron
Subgenus:	Rhododendron subg. Pentanthera
Section:	Rhododendron sect. Pentanthera
Species:	R. luteum
Binomial name
	Rhododendron luteum; Sweet
Synonyms
	List Anthodendron flavum (Hoffmanns.) Rchb.; Anthodendron ponticum (L.) Rchb.; Azalea flava Hoffmanns.; Azalea pontica L.; Azalea pontica var. flava (Hoffmanns.) DC.; Rhododendron indicum var. luteum (Sweet) G.Don; Rhododendron flavum (Hoffmanns.) G.Don; Rhododendron flavum var. coronarium Sweet; Rhododendron flavum f. macranthum (Bean) Rehder; Rhododendron flavum var. macranthum Bean; Rhododendron luteum var. macranthum (Bean) E.H.Wilson; ;

Short description: Species of plant

Rhododendron luteum, the yellow azalea or honeysuckle azalea, is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae, native to southeastern Europe and southwest Asia. In Europe, it occurs from southern Poland and Austria, south through the Balkans, and east to southern Russia; and in Asia, east to the Caucasus.

It is a shrub growing 3–4 m (9.8–13.1 ft). The leaves are deciduous, 5–10 cm long and 2–4 cm broad. The flowers are 3–4 cm in diameter, bright yellow, and strongly perfumed, produced in trusses of 5–25 together. The fruit is a dry capsule 15–25 mm long, containing numerous small seeds.

The nectar is toxic, containing the neurotoxin grayanotoxin; records of poisoning of people eating the honey date to the 4th century BC in Classical Greece.^[2]

Cultivation and uses

It is widely cultivated in western Europe, used both as an ornamental plant in its own right, and as a rootstock onto which other azalea cultivars are grafted. It is locally naturalised in western and northern Europe. In Great Britain it has colonised many wet heaths and bogs, but unlike its relative Rhododendron ponticum it does not usually form dominant stands and so is of lower nature conservation concern. However it is listed under Schedule 9 of the UK Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 as a non-native invasive species. While it is legal to sell and grow it in gardens, users are expected to take care when disposing of material from this plant.

R. luteum has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.^[3]^[4]

Cultural references

The plant is depicted in place of the crown above the coat of arms of the Local Community of Boštanj, Slovenia. It was chosen because the area is one of the few habitats of Rhododendron luteum in Slovenia. The coat of arms was created in 1998, during the break-up of the former Yugoslavia.