Biology:Roccellographa
Roccellographa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Roccellographaceae.[1] These lichens form thin, tightly adhering crusts on rocks that reveal a bright orange colour when scraped, due to their algal partner. The genus was established in 1902 by the Austrian lichenologist Julius Steiner and comprises four species that produce distinctive elongated, slit-like fruiting bodies.
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed by the Austrian lichenologist Julius Steiner in 1902, with Roccellographa cretacea assigned as the type, and at that time, the only species. Steiner established Roccellographa to accommodate lichens that resembled members of the crustose lichen family Roccellaceae but differed significantly in their reproductive structures. He noted that whilst the new genus belonged to the family Graphidaceae based on its distinctive elongated, slit-like apothecia ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]), it formed a connecting link between the Roccellaceae and Graphidaceae families. The type species, R. cretacea, was characterised by its chalky white, [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]-fruticose thallus that formed dense, granular patches, and its distinctive apothecia (fruiting bodies) that appeared either colourless or sparsely branched, with the [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] barely exceeding the level of the surrounding thallus tissue.[2] Three additional species have since been transferred to the genus from other genera.[3][4]
Description
Roccellographa lichens form a thin, even crust that adheres tightly to the rock. The surrounding [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]—an outer weft of purely fungal strands—often develops into a dark, mosaic-like network that delineates neighbouring colonies. If the surface is gently scraped it reveals a bright orange tint, a sign of the underlying algal partner (Trentepohlia) whose carotenoid pigments colour the exposed cells. Chemical spot tests detect psoromic and conpsoromic acids, secondary metabolites that help distinguish the genus from superficially similar rock-dwelling lichen crusts.[5]
Sexual fruit bodies are minute, blackish dots immersed in the thallus and frequently aligned in short rows or clusters. They lack a [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], so the rim is formed solely by the [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], which is dark brown above and pales towards the base. Inside, the spore-bearing layer (hymenium) contains stout, interwoven [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], while the supporting [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] remains colourless. Each ascus releases eight ascospores and belongs to the Opegrapha-type [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] pattern, meaning its wall splits in two during discharge. The spores are elongated—either spindle-shaped or narrowly club-like—with up to seven internal cross-walls (septa). As they mature they acquire a grey-brown shade and develop slightly swollen ends (a form described as [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]). Asexual propagules (conidia) have not been observed in the genus.[5]
Species
- Roccellographa circumscripta (Leight.) Ertz & Tehler (2011)[3]
- Roccellographa cretacea J.Steiner (1902)
- Roccellographa muriformis (Sparrius) Ertz & Tehler (2011)[3]
- Roccellographa sorediata (Sparrius, P.James & M.A.Allen) Coppins & Fryday (2012)[4]
References
- ↑ "Roccellographa". Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/63S3J.
- ↑ Steiner, J. (1903). "Bearbeitung der von O. Simony 1898 und 1899 in Südarabien, auf Sokotra undden benachbarten Inseln gesammelten Flechten" (in de). Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften (Wien) Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 71: 93–102. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/55490930.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Ertz, Damien; Tehler, Anders (2010). "The phylogeny of Arthoniales (Pezizomycotina) inferred from nucLSU and RPB2 sequences". Fungal Diversity 49 (1): 47–71. doi:10.1007/s13225-010-0080-y.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Fryday, Alan M.; Coppins, Brian J. (2012). "New taxa, reports, and names of lichenized and lichenicolous fungi, mainly from the Scottish Highlands". The Lichenologist 44 (6): 723–737. doi:10.1017/S0024282912000369. Bibcode: 2012ThLic..44..723F.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Cannon, P.; Aptroot, A.; Coppins, B.; Ertz, D.; Sanderson, N.; Simkin, J.; Wolseley, P. (2023). Arthoniales: Roccellaceae [revision 1, including the genera Cresponea, Dendrographa, Dirina, Enterographa, Gyrographa, Lecanactis, Ocellomma, Pseudoschismatomma, Psoronactis, Roccella, Schismatomma and Syncesia]. Revisions of British and Irish Lichens. 32. p. 7. https://britishlichensociety.org.uk/sites/default/files/Roccellaceae%20rev%201.pdf.
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