Biology:Rumex sanguineus
| Rumex sanguineus | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Polygonaceae |
| Genus: | Rumex |
| Species: | R. sanguineus
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| Binomial name | |
| Rumex sanguineus | |
Rumex sanguineus, commonly known as wood dock,[1] bloody dock or red-veined dock,[2] is a perennial flowering plant species in the family Polygonaceae. Rumex sanguineus is a dicot and can be observed in Europe with at least two varieties.[3]
Description
The leaves are situated to the base of the plant only. They are deciduous to partially persistent at maturity. The blade of the leaf is lance shaped with a more or less pointed base at the end and on average measure 10–30 × 2.5–6 cm. Rumex sanguineus flowers in the summer in moist and riparian habitat. Flower is terminal and occupies the top 2/3 of the stem. Inflorescence is lax, interrupted, broadly paniculate.[3] The pedicel, stalk bearing the inflorescence, is proximal 1/3 and rarely in the middle of the filiform. In general, it is larger than the inner tepals with distinctly swollen articulation. When flowering there are normally ten to twenty flowers in each well-spaced whorl. Achenes are dark reddish brown to almost black.
It is differentiated from the very similar Rumex conglomeratus by a more slender and erect habitus.[4]
Distribution
Rumex sanguineus is commonly found in most of Europe south of about 60 degrees north, though not in Russia and rarely in the Mediterranean. It inhabits damp, shady places, especially in woodland.[1][4] It is a crop-weed that can be found on less arable fields on the outskirt vegetation surrounding arable fields.[5][citation needed] Rumex sanguineus is not native to North America with most reports of Rumex sanguineus being confused with R. conglomeratus or immature R. obtusifolius.
Use
The wood dock is edible. However, as it contains antinutritive and harmful oxalic acid and its salts (oxalates), it is slightly poisonous and should therefore not be eaten in large quantities.[6] (The contents are lower than in the related and better-known sorrel.) It is both used as a wild vegetable and cultivated, with plants and seeds being commercially[7][8][9] available. It contains considerable amounts of vitamin C and carotene.[10] Normally the (preferably young) leaves are eaten, for example in salads. However, related species such as garden sorrel and French sorrel are generally preferred when it comes to vegetable use.[2] In comparison, the wood dock is said to have less taste and more ornamental values.[11] Since mainly the leaves are valued, the less conspicuous inflorescences are often removed early on to promote stronger and bushier leaf growth and also to prevent (possibly heavy) uncontrolled spreading.[6]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Stace, Clive (2019). New Flora of the British Isles (4th ed.). C&M Floristics. ISBN 9781527226302.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Rumex sanguineus var. sanguineus". http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=b294.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Rumex sanguineus in Flora of North America". http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250060799.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 T. G. Tutin, ed (1993). Flora Europaea. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-41007-X. OCLC 26767809.
- ↑ Groenman-Van Waateringe, W; Van Driel-Murray, C (April 15, 1980). "The Origin of Crop Weed Communities Composed of Summer Annuals". Vegetatio 41 (2): 57–59. doi:10.1007/BF00121414.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Susan Mahr. "Bloody Dock, Rumex sanguineus". https://hort.extension.wisc.edu/articles/bloody-dock-rumex-sanguineus/.
- ↑ "Bloody Dock (Rumex Sanguineus)" (in en). https://pondmegastore.com/products/bloody-dock.
- ↑ "Bio-Blut-Ampfer Topf-Ø ca. 11 cm Rumex kaufen bei OBI" (in de). https://www.obi.de/kuechenkraeuter/bio-blut-ampfer-topf-ca-11-cm-rumex/p/8446668.
- ↑ "Sonstige Kräutersamen online kaufen bei Gärtner Pötschke" (in de). https://www.poetschke.de/sonstige-kraeutersamen/?redirected=1.
- ↑ Z. Ilic; Z. Krivošej; L. Amidzic; D. Milincic (December 1997), "Old populations and wild growing vegetable species at Kosovo and Metohija", Acta Horticulturae (462): 439–444, doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.1997.462.63, ISSN 0567-7572
- ↑ Helena Korpelainen; Maria Pietiläinen (December 2020), "Sorrel (Rumex acetosa L.): Not Only a Weed but a Promising Vegetable and Medicinal Plant", The Botanical Review 86 (3–4): 234–246, doi:10.1007/s12229-020-09225-z, ISSN 0006-8101
External links
- "Rumex sanguineus". http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Rumex+sanguineus.
- Calflora: Information on California plants for education, research and conservation, with data contributed by public and private institutions and individuals, including the Consortium of California Herbaria, Berkeley, California: The Calflora Database, https://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-taxon=Taxon name (parameter 1) is required.
Wikidata ☰ Q212246 entry
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