Biology:Rutilus

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Rutilus, commonly known as roaches, is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related fishes. This genus is a widely distributed lineage of leuciscids and ranges from West Europe to East Siberia.[1]

Taxonomy

Rutilus was first proposed as a genus in 1820 by the French polymath Constantine Samuel Rafinesque with Cyprinus rutilus designated as the type species but also the type species by absolute tautonymy.[2] Cyprinus rutilus was first formally described in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae by Carl Linnaeus with "European lakes" given as the type locality.[3]

In a phylogeographic study, Levin et al. (2017) argue that the Ponto-Caspian taxa including R. caspicus, R. heckelii and R. stoumboudae could represent a single widespread species whose range extends to Siberia, to be named Rutilus lacustris, whereas R. kutum is included in R. frisii. [4]

The genera Leucos and Sarmarutilus have been recently separated from Rutilus and are closely related to it.[5]

Etymology

Rutilus was chosen as the genus name by tautonymy with Cyprinus rutilus; rutilus means red, golden red or reddish yellow, and is an allusion to the red colour of the fins.[6]

Species

Rutilus contains the following valid species:[3]

  • Rutilus atropatenus Derjavin, 1937 (Azerbaijani spring roach)
  • Rutilus caspicus (Yakovlev, 1870) (Caspian roach)
  • Rutilus frisii (Nordmann, 1840) (Black Sea roach)
  • Rutilus heckelii (Nordmann, 1840)
  • Rutilus kutum (Kamensky, 1901) (Kutum)
  • Rutilus lacustris (Pallas, 1814) (Pontic roach)
  • Rutilus meidingeri (Heckel, 1851) (Pearlfish)
  • Rutilus pigus (Lacepède, 1803) (Pigo)
  • Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Common roach)
  • Rutilus sojuchbulagi Abdurakhmanov, 1950 (Akstafa spring roach)
  • Rutilus virgo (Heckel, 1852) (Cactus roach)

Characteristics

Rutilus, according to Rafinesque, was characterised by "Vent posterior nearer to the tail. Abdominal fins with nine rays. Mouth large and with lips. Scales large."[7] The smallest species in the genus is R. atropatenus with a maximum total length of 9.5 cm (3.7 in),[8] while the largest are R. frisii and R. meidingeri with a maximum total length of 70 cm (28 in).[9]

Distribution

Rutilus is a widely distributed genus of leuciscids and fishes from this genus are found from Western Europe to Eastern Siberia.[10]

References

  1. ↑ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2016). Species of Rutilus in FishBase. October 2016 version.
  2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Cof family
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron; van der Laan, Richard, eds. "Species in the genus Rutilus". California Academy of Sciences. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatget.asp?tbl=species&genus=Rutilus. 
  4. ↑ Levin, B.A., Simonov, E.P., Ermakov, O.A., Levina, M.A., Interesova, E.A., Kovalchuk, O.M., Malinina, Y.A., Mamilov, N.S., Mustafayev, N.J., Pilin, D.V., Pozdeev, I.V., Prostakov, N.I., Roubenyan, H.R., Titov, S.V. & Vekhov, D.A. (2017): Phylogeny and phylogeography of the roaches, genus Rutilus (Cyprinidae), at the Eastern part of its range as inferred from mtDNA analysis. Hydrobiologia, 788 (1): 33–46.
  5. ↑ Bianco, P.G.; Ketmaier, V. (2014). "A revision of the Rutilus complex from Mediterranean Europe with description of a new genus, Sarmarutilus, and a new species, Rutilus stoumboudae (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)". Zootaxa 3841 (3): 379–402. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3841.3.4. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2014/f/z03841p402f.pdf. 
  6. ↑ Christopher Scharpf (8 April 2024). "Family LEUCISCIDAE: Subfamily LEUCISCINAE Bonaparte 1835 (European Minnows)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. https://etyfish.org/leuciscinae/. 
  7. ↑ Rafinesque, C. S. (1820). "Fishes of the Ohio River". Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science (Lexington, KY) 2 (4): 235-242. 
  8. ↑ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2025). Species of Pseudophoxinus in FishBase. February 2025 version.
  9. ↑ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2025). Species of Rutilus in FishBase. February 2025 version.
  10. ↑ B. A. Levin; E. P. Simonov; O. A. Ermakov et al. (2016). "Phylogeny and phylogeography of the roaches, genus Rutilus (Cyprinidae), at the Eastern part of its range as inferred from mtDNA analysis". Hydrobiologia 788 (1): 33-46. doi:10.1007/s10750-016-2984-3. 

Wikidata ☰ Q180447 entry




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