Biology:Leuciscidae

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Leuciscidae is a family of freshwater ray-finned fishes,[1] formerly classified as a subfamily of the Cyprinidae,[2] which contains the true minnows.[3]

Members of the Old World (OW) clade of minnows within this subfamily are known as European minnows. As the name suggests, most members of the OW clade are found in Eurasia, aside from the golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas), which is found in eastern North America.[4][5]

According to ancestral area reconstruction, the subfamily Leuciscinae is thought to have originated in Europe before becoming widely distributed in parts of Europe, Asia and North America. Evidence for the dispersal of this subfamily can be marked by biogeographical scenarios/observations, geomorphological changes, phylogenetic relationships as well as evidence for vicariance events taking place through time.[6] Through analyses and evidence of divergence time, it was observed that the two monophyletic groups, the phoxinins and the leuciscins, had shared a common ancestor dating to approximately 70.7 million years ago, representing their lengthy evolutionary history.[7][8][lower-alpha 1] The 5th edition of the Fishes of the World classifies the Leuciscinae as a subfamily of the Cyprinidae[2] but more recent classifications have resolved this taxon as a family, the Leuciscidae.[5]

Genera

Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes recognises the family Leuciscidae, and divides it into subfamilies that correspond to the clades previously identified when it was treated as a subfamily of Cyprinidae.[1]

The following fossil genera are known:

The recent genera are classified as follows:[1]

Notes

  1. ↑ The study by Perea et al. (2010) did not include the North American clade, or Pogonichthyinae,[7] which is now also considered a part of the Leuciscinae subfamily[9]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron; van der Laan, Richard, eds. "Genera in the family Leuciscidae". California Academy of Sciences. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatget.asp?tbl=genus&family=Leuciscidae. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 181–186. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/. 
  3. ↑ Taxonomic information
  4. ↑ "Order CYPRINIFORMES: Family LEUCISCIDAE: Subfamilies PSEUDASPININAE, LEUCISCINAE and PHOXININAE" (in en-US). 2018-10-17. https://www.etyfish.org/cypriniformes15/. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Schönhuth, Susana; Vukić, Jasna; Šanda, Radek; Yang, Lei; Mayden, Richard L. (2018-10-01). "Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the Holarctic family Leuciscidae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinoidei)" (in en). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 127: 781–799. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.026. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 29913311. Bibcode: 2018MolPE.127..781S. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790317308618. 
  6. ↑ Imoto, J. M.; Saitoh, K.; Sasaki, T.; Yonezawa, T.; Adachi, J.; Kartavtsev, Y. P.; Miya, M.; Nishida, M. et al. (2013). "Phylogeny and biogeography of highly diverged freshwater fish species (Leuciscinae, Cyprinidae, Teleostei) inferred from mitochondrial genome analysis". Gene 514 (2): 112–124. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2012.10.019. PMID 23174367. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Perea, S.; Böhme, M.; Zupancic, P.; Freyhof, J.; Sanda, R.; Ozuluğ, M.; Abdoli, A.; Doadrio, I. (2010). "Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographical patterns in Circum-Mediterranean subfamily Leuciscinae (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) inferred from both mitochondrial and nuclear data". BMC Evolutionary Biology 10 (1): 265. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-265. PMID 20807419. Bibcode: 2010BMCEE..10..265P. 
  8. ↑ "Order CYPRINIFORMES: Family LEUCISCIDAE: Subfamilies PSEUDASPININAE, LEUCISCINAE and PHOXININAE" (in en-US). 2018-10-17. https://www.etyfish.org/cypriniformes15/. 
  9. ↑ Schönhuth, Susana; Vukić, Jasna; Šanda, Radek; Yang, Lei; Mayden, Richard L. (2018-10-01). "Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the Holarctic family Leuciscidae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinoidei)" (in en). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 127: 781–799. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.026. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 29913311. Bibcode: 2018MolPE.127..781S. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790317308618. 
  10. ↑ Smith, Gerald R.; Kimmel, P. G. (1975). "Fishes of the Pliocene Glenns Ferry Formation, Southwest Idaho; Fishes of the Miocene - Pliocene Deer Butte Formation, Southeast Oregon Claude W. Hibbard Memorial Volume V" (in en-US). Papers on Paleontology (14): 1-87. https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/48614. 
  11. ↑ Gobalet (1993), Terminal Pleistocene-early holocene fishes from Tulare Lake, San Joaquin Valley, California, with comments on the evolution of sacramento squawfish (Ptychocheilus grandis: Cyprinidae), https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1370021389827510049, retrieved 2025-04-08 
  12. ↑ Smith, Gerald R.; Van Tassell, Jay (2019-07-26) (in en-US). Keating, always Welcome Inn, and Imbler Fish paleofaunas, NE Oregon: Tests of miocene-pliocene drainage connections (Report). https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/150494. 
  13. ↑ "A NEW CYPRINID FISH FROM PALEOGENE OF NORTHERN XINJIANG, CHINA" (in en). Vertebrata PalAsiatica 49 (2). 2011-06-15. ISSN 2096-9899. https://www.vertpala.ac.cn/EN/abstract/abstract1224.shtml. Retrieved 2025-03-12. 
  14. ↑ Paleontology, Institute of Vertebrae; Paleoanthropology. "New leuciscin fish found in northern China" (in en). https://phys.org/news/2011-06-leuciscin-fish-northern-china.html. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named VDLEF

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