Biology:Salterella

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Short description: Extinct genus of shelled animals

Salterella
Temporal range: Early Cambrian
Salterella pulchella.png
S. pulchella[2]
Scientific classification e
Missing taxonomy template (fix): Agmata/?
Family: †Salterellidae
Genus: †Salterella
Billings, 1861[1]
Type species
†Salterella rugosa
(= Serpulites maccullochi Murchison, 1859)
Billings, 1861
Species
  • †S. conulata Clark, 1924
  • (Murchison, 1859) †S. maccullochi

Salterella is an enigmatic Cambrian genus with a small, conical, calcareous shell that appears to be septate,[3] but is rather filled with stratified laminar deposits.[4] The shell contains grains of sediment, which are obtained selectively (with a preference for denser grains) by a manner also observed in foramanifera.[5] The genus was established by Elkanah Billings in 1861, and was named after the English palaeontologist John William Salter.[1]

The genus is known from multiple locations worldwide, such as Newfoundland and Labrador and Quebec in Canada,[6][7] Svalbard,[8] the Scottish Highlands[9] and Argentina .[10]

The related fossil genus Volborthella was formerly placed in synonymy with Salterella by Ellis L. Yochelson in 1983, due to the similarities between the two genera (though Volborthella notably lacks an outer calcareous shell).[9] However, Volborthella was later accepted as a separate genus again by Yochelson & Kisselev in 2003.[11] Both genera are currently placed in the Salterellidae family in the phylum Agmata.

Species

At least two species of Salterella are known:

  • †Salterella conulata Clark, 1924:[12] A species that is widespread in eastern North America.[6]
  • †Salterella maccullochi (Murchison, 1859) (Synonyms: S. mexicana Lochman, 1952; S. expansa Poulsen, 1927; S. rugosa Billings, 1861, Serpulites maccullochi Murchison, 1859)[9][10]

The following species placed in the genus are poorly known:[13]

  • †Salterella pulchella Billings, 1861[1]
  • †Salterella acervulosa Resser & Howell, 1938: A species that is abundant in the Kinzers Formation in Pennsylvania, but specimens of it are not well preserved.
  • †Salterella curvata Shaler & Foerste, 1888: A species known only from the Hoppin Formation in Massachusetts . It was described from a single specimen, which has been lost.

The following species are doubtfully placed in the genus:

  • Salterella (?) orientalis Kobayashi, 1935:[14] A species described from a single specimen found in South Korea . Associated with Obolella cf. asiatica and a fragment of a trilobite (possibly Redlichia).

Other:

  • Salterella howitti Chapman, 1923: Found in Phosphate Hill Formation, Victoria, Australia

Former species

The following species were formerly placed in Salterella, and have since been moved to other genera:

  • †"Salterella" obtusa Billings, 1861:[1] This Middle Cambrian species was moved to the genus Hyolithes d'Eichwald, 1840, and renamed Hyolithes billingsi Walcott, 1886.[2] It was later moved again to Linevitus Syssoiev, 1958.
  • †"Salterella" billingsi Safford, 1869: A Middle Ordovician species of Salterella from the Murfreesboro Limestone formation in Tennessee described by James M. Safford in 1869. However, T. H. Clark considered it distinct from other Salterella fossils, creating the genus Polylopia Clark, 1925 to encompass it.[15]
  • †"Salterella" hardmani Etheridge in Foord, 1890:[16] This Middle Cambrian species was described from the Ord Basin of Northern Territory, Australia . It was moved to the genus Biconulites Teilhard, 1931.[17] Much later, the genus Guduguwan Kruse, 1990 was created to contain it.[18]
  • †"Salterella" planoconvexa Tate, 1892: A species described from South Australia. It belongs in Hyolitha.

Thin Sections

Thin sections (plain transmitted light) of Salterella from The Early Cambrian Fossil Salterella conulata Clark in Eastern North America, collected from the Vintage Dolomite of Pennsylvania.[19] See image pages for detailed captions.

  • Thin sections of Salterella conulata Clark Yel00004.jpg
  • Thin sections of Salterella conulata Clark Yel00005.jpg

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Billings, E.H. (1861). "On some new or little known species of lower Silurian fossils from the Potsdam Group (Primordial zone)". Palaeozoic Fossils 1 (1): 1–18. https://books.google.com/books?id=HwsKAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA17. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Charles Doolittle Walcott (1886). Second contribution to the studies on the Cambrian faunas of North America. 30 of Geological Survey bulletin. Govt. Print. Off.. pp. 1–369. https://books.google.com/books?id=wikrAAAAYAAJ. 
  3. ↑ Lipps, J. H.; Sylvester, A. G. (1968). "The Enigmatic Cambrian Fossil Volborthella and Its Occurrence in California". Journal of Paleontology 42 (2): 329–336. 
  4. ↑ Yochelson, E. L.; Flower, R. H.; Webers, G. F. (1973). "The bearing of the new Late Cambrian monoplacophoran genus Knightoconus upon the origin of the Cephalopoda". Lethaia 6 (3): 275–309. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1973.tb01199.x. 
  5. ↑ Peel, John S. (2016). "Anatase and Hadimopanella selection by Salterella from the Kap Troedsson formation (Cambrian Series 2) of North Greenland". GFF 139 (1): 70–74. doi:10.1080/11035897.2016.1227365. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Yochelson, Ellis L. (1970). "On The Early Cambrian Fossil Salterella conulata Clark in Eastern North America". United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 683-B: 1–10. https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0683b/report.pdf. 
  7. ↑ Skovsted, Christian B. (2003). "Unusually preserved Salterella from the Lower Cambrian Forteau Formation of Newfoundland". GFF 125 (1): 17–22. doi:10.1080/11035890301251017. 
  8. ↑ Lauritzen, Ørnulf; Yochelson, Ellis L. (1982). "Salterella rugosa (Early Cambrian: Agmata) on Nordaustlandet and Spitsbergen, Svalbard". Polar Research 1982 (1): 5–16. doi:10.3402/polar.v1982i1.6996. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Yochelson, E.L. (1983). "Salterella (Early Cambrian: Agmata) from the Scottish Highlands". Palaeontology 26: 253–260. https://www.palass.org/sites/default/files/media/publications/palaeontology/volume_26/vol26_part2_pp253-260.pdf. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Astini, Ricardo A.; Thomas, William A.; Yochelson, Ellis L. (2004). "Salterella in the Argentine Precordillera: an Early Cambrian palaeobiogeographic indicator of Laurentian affinity". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 213 (1–2): 125–132. doi:10.1016/s0031-0182(04)00369-4. Bibcode: 2004PPP...213..125A. 
  11. ↑ Yochelson, Ellis L.; Kisselev, Gennadii N. (2003). "Early Cambrian Salterella and Volborthella (Phylum Agmata) re‐evaluated". Lethaia 36 (1): 8–20. doi:10.1080/00241160310001254. 
  12. ↑ Clark, Thomas H. (1924). "The Paleontology of the Beekmantown series at Levis, Quebec". Bulletins of American Paleontology 10 (41): 1–136. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32508952. 
  13. ↑ Yochelson, Ellis L. (1981). Taylor, Michael E.. ed. Short papers for the Second International Symposium on the Cambrian System, 1981 (Report). U.S. Geological Survey. pp. 244–248. doi:10.3133/ofr81743. 
  14. ↑ Kobayashi, T. (1935). "The Cambro-Ordovician formations and fauna of South Chosen. Palaeontology. Part III. Cambrian faunas of South Chosen with a special study on the Cambrian trilobite genera and families". Journal of the Faculty of Science (Imperial University of Tokyo), Section II 4: 49–344. http://umdb.um.u-tokyo.ac.jp/DKoseibu/pdf/Ref_0089_.pdf. 
  15. ↑ Yochelson, Ellis L. (1968). "On the nature of Polylopia". United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 593-F: 1–7. https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0593f/report.pdf. 
  16. ↑ Foord, A. H. (1890). "Description of Fossils from the Kimberley District, Western Australia". Geological Magazine 7 (3): 98–106. doi:10.1017/S0016756800189939. Bibcode: 1890GeoM....7...98F. 
  17. ↑ Spath, L. F. (1936). "So-called Salterella from the Cambrian of Australia". Geological Magazine 73 (10): 433–440. doi:10.1017/S0016756800095273. Bibcode: 1936GeoM...73..433S. 
  18. ↑ Kruse, P. D. (1996). "Hyolith guts in the Cambrian of northern Australia – turning hyolithomorphs upside down". Lethaia 29 (3): 213–217. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1996.tb01651.x. 
  19. ↑ Ellis L. Yochelson, 1970. The Early Cambrian Fossil Salterella conulata Clark in Eastern North America. Contributions to Paleontology, Geological Survey Professional Paper 683-B.

Wikidata ☰ Q7406087 entry



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