Biology:Sclerodermus
Sclerodermus is a genus of chrysidoid wasps in the family Bethylidae. There are at least 20 described species in Sclerodermus.[1][2][3]
Reproduction and sex ratios
Species of Sclerodermus exhibit quasi-social behavior: multiple females cooperate to paralyze a host and care for a shared brood.[4] Despite this cooperation, they consistently produce highly female-biased sex ratios often with less than 10% males, even when many mothers are present.[4]
According to classical sex ratio theory, more mothers should lead to a more balanced ratio of sons and daughters, since males would no longer be competing only with their brothers to mate. The extreme female bias in Sclerodermus contradicts this expectation.[4] Recent models suggest that dominant females may influence sex ratios by killing the sons of subordinates or preventing their production, a behavior known as infanticide.[4] These social dynamics help explain the unusual patterns observed in this genus.
Species
- Sclerodermus abdominalis Westwood, 1839 g
- Sclerodermus brevicornis Kieffer, 1906 g
- Sclerodermus cereicollis Kieffer, 1904 g
- Sclerodermus concinnus Saunders, 1881 g
- Sclerodermus cylindricus Westwood, 1839 g
- Sclerodermus domesticus Latreille, 1809 g
- Sclerodermus ephippius Saunders, 1881 g
- Sclerodermus fasciatus Westwood, 1839 g
- Sclerodermus fonscolombei Westwood, 1881 g
- Sclerodermus formiciformis Westwood, 1839 g
- Sclerodermus fulvicornis Westwood, 1839 g
- Sclerodermus fuscicornis Westwood, 1839 g
- Sclerodermus fuscus (Nees, 1834) g
- Sclerodermus gracilis Saunders, 1881 g
- Sclerodermus intermedius Westwood, 1839 g
- Sclerodermus linearis Westwood, 1881 g
- Sclerodermus minutus Westwood, 1839 g
- Sclerodermus nipponicus Yuasa, 1930 g
- Sclerodermus nitidus Westwood, 1839 g
- Sclerodermus pedunculus Westwood, 1839 g
- Sclerodermus piceus Westwood, 1839 g
- Sclerodermus rufus (Foerster, 1850) g
- Sclerodermus rufescens (Nees, 1834) g
- Sclerodermus sidneyanus Westwood, 1874 g
Data sources: i = ITIS,[5] c = Catalogue of Life,[6] g = GBIF,[1] b = Bugguide.net[2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Sclerodermus". https://www.gbif.org/species/4404783.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Sclerodermus Genus Information". https://bugguide.net/node/view/496626.
- ↑ "Sclerodermus Overview". http://eol.org/pages/3766839/overview.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Lehtonen, Jussi; Malabusini, Serena; Guo, Xiaomeng; Hardy, Ian C W (2023-02-01). "Individual- and group-level sex ratios under local mate competition: consequences of infanticide and reproductive dominance". Evolution Letters 7 (1): 13–23. doi:10.1093/evlett/qrac005. ISSN 2056-3744. PMC 10091503. https://doi.org/10.1093/evlett/qrac005.
- ↑ "ITIS, Integrated Taxonomic Information System". https://www.itis.gov/.
- ↑ "Catalogue of Life". http://www.catalogueoflife.org/.
Further reading
- Arnett, Ross H. Jr. (2000). American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico (2nd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0212-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=DKzAmSDdLtsC.
- "Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico". Smithsonian Institution Press. 1979. https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/catalog-hymenoptera-america-north-mexico.
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q4049156 entry
 |  |
