Biology:Chrysidoidea
The superfamily Chrysidoidea is a very large cosmopolitan group, all of which are parasitoids or cleptoparasites of other insects.[1] There are three large, common families (Bethylidae, Chrysididae, and Dryinidae) and four small, rare families (Embolemidae, Plumariidae, Sclerogibbidae, and Scolebythidae).[2] This superfamily is traditionally considered to be the basal taxon within the Aculeata, and, as such, only a few species can sting.[2] Most wasps in the family are under 3mm in length.[1]
Members of the families Dryinidae and Embolemidae are the only parasitoids among the Hymenoptera to have a life cycle in which the wasp larva begins its life inside the body of the host, and then later forms a sac (called a thylacium) that protrudes out of the host's abdomen.[3] The closely related family Sclerogibbidae contains more traditional ectoparasitoids, attacking the nymphs and adults of webspinners.[2]
The extinct, monotypic family Plumalexiidae was described in 2011 from fossils preserved in Turonian age New Jersey amber.[4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Goulet, Henri; Huber, John (1993-01-01). "Superfamily Chrysidoidea". Hymenoptera of the World: An Identification Guide to Families. pp. 130-146. ISBN 978-0-660-14933-2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143_Hymenoptera_of_the_World_An_Identification_Guide_to_Families.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Butcher, Buntika A; Quicke, Donald (2023-12-22). "Parasitoid Aculeates - Chrysidoidea" (in en). Parasitoid Wasps of South East Asia. GB: CABI. pp. 247-269. doi:10.1079/9781800620605.0000. ISBN 978-1-80062-059-9. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/book/10.1079/9781800620605.0000.
- ↑ Olmi, Massimo; van Harten, Tony (2000-01-01). "Notes on Dryinidae, Embolemidae and Sclerogibbidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) of Yemen, with keys to the species of the Arabian Peninsula". Fauna of Arabia 21. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264895858_Notes_on_Dryinidae_Embolemidae_and_Sclerogibbidae_Hymenoptera_Chrysidoidea_of_Yemen_with_keys_to_the_species_of_the_Arabian_Peninsula.
- ↑ Brothers, Denis J. (2011). "A new Late Cretaceous family of Hymenoptera, and phylogeny of the Plumariidae and Chrysidoidea (Aculeata)". ZooKeys (130): 515–542. doi:10.3897/zookeys.130.1591. PMID 22259297. PMC 3260779. https://www.pensoft.net/J_FILES/1/articles/1591/1591-G-3-layout.pdf.
External links
Template:Hymenoptera Wikidata ☰ Q135335 entry
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