Biology:Scytinium

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Short description: Genus of lichen-forming fungi

Scytinium
Scytinium gelatinosum 501548.jpg
Scytinium gelatinosum
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Peltigerales
Family: Collemataceae
Genus: Scytinium
(Ach.) Gray (1821)
Type species
Scytenium palmatum
(Huds.) Gray (1821)
Synonyms[1]
  • Collema ††† Scytinium Ach. (1810)
  • Collema sect. Scytenium (Ach.) Bory (1823)
  • Collema sect. Scytinium (Ach.) W.Mann (1825)

Scytinium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Collemataceae.[2] It has 49 species.[3] These lichens are typically found on basic rocks, soil, and trees, occasionally in association with mosses. Despite the morphological and ecological diversity within Scytinium, its species share similar [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] features, such as shape and septation, as well as a small to medium-sized thallus with at least a partial [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]].[4]

Description

Scytinium encompasses lichen species that exhibit a variety of thallus forms, such as crustose, squamulose, [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|minutely foliose]], or [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|minutely shrubby]]. These lichens have a gelatinous texture, and their colour ranges from dark brown and bluish-grey to olive-green. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] of Scytinium can be spreading, elongate, or somewhat cylindrical in shape. The upper and lower [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], when present, is composed of either cuboid cells or flattened, degraded tissue. The medulla contains loosely interwoven or compact hyphae, along with the photobiont Nostoc–a common genus of cyanobacteria.[4]

{{Biology:{1}}}]] ascospores

Both the upper and lower surfaces of Scytinium lichens can vary from smooth to wrinkled or ridged and typically exhibit a matte appearance. While isidia may or may not be present, soredia are absent in this genus. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] cells are generally arranged in distinct chains. The ascomata are in the form of apothecia with a red-brown [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], which can be sessile, laminal, or marginal. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] is smooth to [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] to [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], and often persistent. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] is raised, cup-shaped, and predominantly composed of [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] cells, ranging in colour from colourless to reddish-brown. The disc is either concave or flat.[4]

The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] is colourless to reddish-brown and does not react with a solution of potassium hydroxide or ammonia. The hymenium is colourless, turning blue when exposed to iodine. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] is shallow, and its colour varies from colourless to pale yellowish. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] consists of numerous, [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] that separate in potassium hydroxide and sometimes have branched apices that are somewhat swollen. The asci contain eight spores and are club-shaped (clavate), with a strongly thickened apex that reacts to potassium hydroxide and iodine, turning blue. [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] are primarily ellipsoidal, [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], and colourless, lacking any distinct surface ornamentation or [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]. [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], or [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], are infrequent in cytinium species. No lichen products have been detected in Scytinium species using thin-layer chromatography.[4]

Species

(As of April 2023), Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 47 species of Scytinium.[2]

Scytinium palmatum
Scytinium platynum
Scytinium plicatile
Scytinium turgidum
  • Scytinium apalachense (Tuck.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium aquale (Arnold) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium aragonii (Otálora) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium biatorinum (Nyl.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium bosoense (H.Harada) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium californicum (Tuck.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium callopismum (A.Massal.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium cellulosum (P.M.Jørg. & Tønsberg) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium chibaense (H.Harada) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium contortum (Sierk) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium dactylinum (Tuck.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium erectum (Sierk) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium euthallinum (Zahlbr.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium ferax (Durieu & Mont.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium fragile (Taylor) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium fragrans (Sm.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium gelatinosum (With.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium imbricatum (P.M.Jørg.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium intermedium (Arnold) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium juniperinum (Tuck.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium kauaiense (H. Magn.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium leptogioides (Anzi) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium lichenoides (L.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium magnussonii (Degel. & P.M.Jørg.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium massiliense (Nyl.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium palmatum (Huds.) Gray (1821)
  • Scytinium palustre (P.M.Jørg.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium parculum (Nyl.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium parvum (Degel.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium platynum (Tuck.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium plicatile (Ach.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium polycarpum (P.M.Jørg. & Goward) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium pulvinatum (Hoffm.) P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2014)
  • Scytinium quadrifidum (D.F.Stone & McCune) A. Košuth. & Wedin (2019)
  • Scytinium rivale (Tuck.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium rogersii (Verdon) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium schraderi (Ach.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium singulare Carlberg & P.M.Jørg. (2016)
  • Scytinium siskiyouense (D.F.Stone & Ruchty) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium subaridum (P.M.Jørg. & Goward) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium subfragrans (Degel.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium subtile (Schrad.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium subtorulosum (Nyl. ex Stizenb.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium tacomae (P.M.Jørg. & Tønsberg) McCune (2014)
  • Scytinium tenuilobum P.M.McCarthy (2017)[5] – Australia
  • Scytinium tenuissimum (Hoffm.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium tetrasporum (Th.Fr.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)
  • Scytinium turgidum (Ach.) Otálora, P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (2013)

References

  1. ↑ "Synonymy: Scytinium (Ach.) Gray [as 'Scytenium', Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1: 398 (1821)"]. Species Fungorum. http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=809803. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Scytinium". Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/63SZG. 
  3. ↑ Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K. et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere 13 (1): 53–453 [154]. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358798332. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Cannon, Paul; Otálora, Mónica A.G.; Košuthová, Alica; Wedin, Mats; Aptroot, André; Coppins, Brian; Simkin, Janet (2020). "Peltigerales: Collemataceae, including the genera Blennothallia, Callome, Collema, Enchylium, Epiphloea, Lathagrium, Leptogium, Pseudoleptogium, Rostania and Scytinium". Revisions of British and Irish Lichens 2: 1–38 [27]. doi:10.34885/174.  open access
  5. ↑ McCarthy, P.M. (2017). "A new species of Scytinium (Ach.) Gray (lichenized Ascomycota, Collemataceae) from the Australian Capital Territory". Australasian Lichenology 80: 53–57. 

Wikidata ☰ Q23072885 entry



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