Biology:Sesamum radiatum
| Sesamum radiatum | |
|---|---|
| |
| Benniseed flowers | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Pedaliaceae |
| Genus: | Sesamum |
| Species: | S. radiatum
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| Binomial name | |
| Sesamum radiatum Schumach. and Thonn.
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Sesamum radiatum is a species of flowering plant in the Pedaliaceae. It is in the same genus as sesame, and is known by the English common names benniseed, black benniseed,[2] black sesame,[3] and vegetable sesame.[4] It is native to west and central Africa, has been cultivated since ancient times in Africa, and is sometimes also used in tropical Asia where it has become naturalized to a small extent.[2]
Etymology
Benniseed is a portmanteau of both the word benne and seed. Benne, meaning sesame derives from Gullah benne which is akin to Malinke bĕne.[5][6][7]
Use
Culinary
The seeds are eaten whole, made into a paste, ground into a powder, or pressed for a high-quality oil.[2] The leaves can be eaten fresh or cooked and are used in Sub-Saharan Africa as a leaf vegetable.[2][4] The leaves are mucilaginous in texture when cooked. The shoots can also be eaten and are used in soups and porridge.[8]
Medicinally
The leaves are also used medicinally as a laxative, an antidote to scorpion venom[3] and to treat sprains and ease childbirth.[3] The stem and bark have also been noted for their anti-bacterial properties.[9]
Cultivation
This plant is an annual herb growing up to 1.2 to 1.5 metres (3 ft 11 in to 4 ft 11 in) tall. The leaves are opposite, or toward the top of the plant, alternately arranged. The leaves are lance-shaped to oval and up to 12 centimetres (5 in) long. They may be smooth-edged or serrated. Flowers occur singly in the leaf axils. They are pink to purple in color, sometimes white, and somewhat bell-shaped. They measure up to 5 centimetres (2 in) long. The fruit is a capsule up to 3.5 centimetres (1 3⁄8 in) long which contains seeds roughly 3 millimetres (15⁄128 in) long.[2]
This plant grows wild in savanna and other habitat types. It is also a weed of fields and homesteads. It can grow on poor, rocky soils and it flowers even through drought conditions. When cultivated the plant yields 5 to 6 metric tons (5.5 to 6.6 short tons) of leaves per hectare.[2]
This plant is vulnerable to the leaf spot disease Cercospora sesami. It is also attacked by hawk moths (Sphingidae), the moth Antigastra catalaunalis, and the vegetable bug Nezara viridula.[2]
References
- ↑ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2587572. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 "Sesamum radiatum". http://database.prota.org/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll?AC=QBE_QUERY&BU=http://database.prota.org/search.htm&TN=PROTAB~1&QB0=AND&QF0=Species+Code&QI0=Sesamum+radiatum&RF=Webdisplay.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Konan, A. B., et al. (2011). Myostimulating effect of Sesamum radiatum aqueous leaf extract in isolated guinea-pig taenia caeci contractile activity. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 8(4): 377–385.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 B.M. Auwalu and F.E. Babatunde. (2007). Analyses of growth, yield and fertilization of vegetable sesame (Sesamum radiatum Schum). Journal of Plant Sciences 2: 108-112.
- ↑ "Definition of BENNISEED" (in en). https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/benniseed.
- ↑ "Definition of BENNE" (in en). https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/benne.
- ↑ "Benne for Good Luck" (in en-US). 2016-01-01. https://www.ncfolk.org/2016/benne-for-good-luck/.
- ↑ "Sesamum radiatum - Useful Tropical Plants". http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Sesamum+radiatum.
- ↑ "Sesamum - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/sesamum.
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q7456020 entry
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