Biology:Silphium (genus)
| Silphium | |
|---|---|
| |
| Silphium integrifolium | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Subfamily: | Asteroideae |
| Tribe: | Heliantheae |
| Subtribe: | Engelmanniinae |
| Genus: | Silphium L. |
| Type species | |
| Silphium asteriscus | |
Silphium is a genus of North American plants in the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae.[1][2]
Members of the genus, commonly known as rosinweeds, are herbaceous perennial plants growing to 0.2 m (8 in) to more than 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) tall, with yellow (rarely white) flowerheads that resemble sunflowers. In the rosinweeds, the outer florets in the head are fertile and the inner florets are sterile;[3] in the sunflowers, the reverse is true.[4]
The name of the genus comes from the Ancient Greek word for a North African plant whose identity has been lost, though it is known its gum or juice was prized by the ancients as a medicine and a condiment.[3]
Species
Species in the genus include:[5][3][6][7][8][9]
- Silphium albiflorum A.Gray – white rosinweed – Texas
- Silphium asteriscus L. – starry rosinweed – Texas OK LA AR MO IL Indiana KY Tennessee AL MS GA FL SC NC VA WV OH MD PA NY
- Silphium brachiatum Gatt. – Cumberland rosinweed – Tennessee AL GA
- Silphium compositum Michx. – kidneyleaf rosinweed – Tennessee AL GA FL SC NC VA WV
- Silphium glutinosum J.R. Allison AL
- Silphium integrifolium Michx. – wholeleaf rosinweed – NM Texas LA OK AR MO Kansas CO WY SD NE IA IL Indiana KY Tennessee MS AL WI MI Massachusetts ONT
- Silphium laciniatum L. – compassplant – NM Texas LA OK AR MO Kansas CO SD NE MN IA IL Indiana KY Tennessee MS AL WI MI VA PA NY ONT
- Silphium laeve Hook.
- Silphium mohrii Small – Mohr's rosinweed – Tennessee AL GA
- Silphium perfoliatum L. – cup plant – NM Texas LA OK AR MO Kansas CO SD ND NE MN IA IL Indiana KY Tennessee MS AL WI MI NC VA DE PA NY NJ CT RI Massachusetts VT NH ME ONT QUE NB
- Silphium perplexum J.R.Allison – Old Cahaba rosinweed – AL
- Silphium pinnatifidum Elliott – Cutleaf prairie dock – AL GA KY Tennessee
- Silphium radula Nutt. – roughstem rosinweed – Kansas MO AR OK Texas LA
- Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq. – prairie rosinweed, prairie dock – IA MO AR MS AL GA SC NC VA WV Tennessee KY OH Indiana IL WI MI NY ONT
- Silphium ternatum Sessé & Moc. – Mexico
- Silphium trifoliatum L. – whorled rosinweed – AL GA Indiana KY MD NC SC OH PA VA WV
- Silphium wasiotense M.Medley – Appalachian rosinweed – KY Tennessee
Silphium integrifolium (rosinweed) flowers
Silphium laciniatum (compass plant) leaves
Silphium perfoliatum (cup plant) flowers in Lower Saxony, Germany
Silphium terebinthinaceum (prairie dock) leaves
.jpg)
_Aug13@03.jpg)
Formerly included
Numerous species are now regarded as members of the genera Berlandiera and Verbesina.[5]
See also
- Genus Calycadenia – the western rosinweeds
References
- ↑ Linnaeus, Carl (1753) (in Latin). Species Plantarum. 2. pp. 919–920. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358940.
- ↑ "Silphium L.", Tropicos, Missouri Botanical Garden, http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40000304?projectid=0
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Clevinger, Jennifer A., "Silphium", in Flora of North America Editorial Committee, Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA), New York and Oxford, http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=130361, retrieved 2008-06-24
- ↑ Schilling, Edward E. (2006), "Helianthus", in Flora of North America Editorial Committee, Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA), 21, New York and Oxford, http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=114871
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
- ↑ International Organization for Plant Information (IOPI). "Plant Name Search". International Plant Names Index. http://www.ipni.org/ipni/plantnamesearchpage.do.
- ↑ "Silphium". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=SILPH. Retrieved 2008-06-24.
- ↑ {{citation | mode = cs1 | title = Silphium (genus) | work = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) | url = | publisher = [[Organization:Agricultural Research ServAgricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) | access-date = 2011-02-16 }}
- ↑ "Silphium", County-level distribution maps from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA) (Biota of North America Program (BONAP)), 2014, http://bonap.net/NAPA/TaxonMaps/Genus/County/Silphium
External links
- "Silphium". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=SILPH.
Wikidata ☰ Q729352 entry
 |  |
