Biology:Sinorhizobium

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Short description: Genus of bacteria


Sinorhizobium
Sinorhizobium fredii strain USDA257 on TY agar (clean).JPG
Sinorhizobium fredii strain USDA257 on an agar plate.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Proteobacteria
Class:
Alphaproteobacteria
Order:
Hyphomicrobiales
Family:
Rhizobiaceae
Genus:
Sinorhizobium/Ensifer

Chen et al. 1988/Casida 1982
Type species
Sinorhizobium fredii/Ensifer adhaerens
Species[18][19][20][21]
  • "Sinorhizobium abri" Ogasawara et al. 2003[1][2]
  • Ensifer adhaerens Casida 1982[3]
  • Ensifer alkalisoli Li et al. 2016
  • Ensifer americanus corrig. (Toledo et al. 2004) Wang et al. 2015[4]
  • Ensifer arboris (Nick et al. 1999) Young 2003[5]
  • "Ensifer aridi" Le Quéré et al. 2017[6][2]
  • "Ensifer aridi" Rocha et al. 2020[7][2]
  • "Sinorhizobium chiapanecum" Rincón-Rosales et al. 2009[8]
  • "Ensifer collicola" Jang et al. 2017[2]
  • Ensifer fredii (Scholla and Elkan 1984) Young 2003[9]
  • Ensifer garamanticus Merabet et al. 2010[10]
  • Ensifer glycinis Yan et al. 2016[11]
  • "Sinorhizobium indiaense" Ogasawara et all. 2003[1][2]
  • Ensifer kostiensis (Nick et al. 1999) Young 2003[5]
  • Ensifer kummerowiae (Wei et al. 2002) Young 2003[12]
  • Ensifer medicae (Rome et al. 1996) Young 2003[13]
  • Ensifer meliloti (Dangeard 1926) Young 2003[14]
  • Ensifer mexicanus Lloret et al. 2007[15]
  • Ensifer morelensis corrig. (Wang et al. 2002) Wang et al. 2015
  • Ensifer numidicus Merabet et al. 2010[10]
  • Ensifer psoraleae Wang et al. 2013[16]
  • Ensifer saheli (De Lajudie et al. 1994) Young 2003[14]
    • symbiovar acaciae
    • symbiovar sesbaniae
  • Ensifer sesbaniae Wang et al. 2015[16]
  • Ensifer shofinae Chen et al. 2017
  • Ensifer sojae Li et al. 2011[17]
  • Ensifer terangae (De Lajudie et al. 1994) Young 2003[14]
    • symbiovar acaciae
    • symbiovar sesbaniae

Sinorhizobium/Ensifer is a genus of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia), three of which (Sinorhizobium meliloti,[22][23] Sinorhizobium medicae[24] and Sinorhizobium fredii[25][26]) have been sequenced.

Etymology

Sinorhizobium is a combination of Medieval Latin sino (which means "China"), Greek rhizo (which means "root"), and New Latin bios (which means "life"). Thus, the generic name means "a bacterium living in a root in China".[18][9] The other name is from the New Latin term ensifer, which means "sword-bearing" or "sword-bearer".[3]

Proper name

The name Ensifer was published in 1982 and the name Sinorhizobium was published in 1988. By the rules of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision) of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP), the older name (Ensifer) has priority.[27] In response to a request that the single extant species of Ensifer (Ensifer adhaerens) be moved to Sinorhizobium, a special ICSP subcommittee was formed to evaluate the request. It was ultimately ruled that Ensifer retained priority and that all Sinorhizobium species be transferred to the genus Ensifer.[28][29] However, both terms continue to be used in published scientific literature, with Sinorhizobium being the more common.[30]

Deprecated species

Two species have been described which have since been reclassified into existing species: Sinorhizobium morelense (now Ensifer adhaerens)[27][31] and Sinorhizobium xinjiangense (now Sinorhizobium fredii[32][33]—though some dissent exists[16][34]).

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN).[18][19] The following phylogeny is based on whole-genome analysis.[35]

 
Ensifer
 

Ensifer adhaerens

 
 
 

Ensifer arboris

 
 
 
 

Ensifer alkalisoli

 
 

Ensifer sojae

 
 
 
 

Ensifer saheli

 
 
 

Ensifer americanus

 
 
 

Ensifer glycinis

 
 
 

Ensifer shofinae

 
 

Ensifer fredii

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
outgroup

Pararhizobium

 
 

This phylogeny is based on a constrained analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA.[35]

 
Ensifer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Ensifer glycinis

 
 

Ensifer shofinae

 
 
 
 

Ensifer saheli

 
 
 

Ensifer alkalisoli

 
 

Ensifer sojae

 
 
 
 
 
 

Ensifer americanus

 
 
 

Ensifer fredii

 
 
 

Ensifer kummerowiae

 
 

Ensifer xinjiangensis

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Ensifer arboris

 
 
 
 

Ensifer psoraleae

 
 

Ensifer medicae

 
 
 
 

Ensifer numidicus

 
 

Ensifer meliloti

 
 
 
 
 
 

Ensifer kostiensis

 
 
 
 
 

Ensifer garamanticus

 
 

Ensifer terangae

 
 
 

Ensifer mexicanus

 
 
 
 

Ensifer morelensis

 
 
 

Ensifer sesbaniae

 
 
 

Ensifer adhaerens

 
 
outgroup

Pararhizobium

 
 

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Sinorhizobium indiaense sp. nov. and Sinorhizobium abri sp. nov. isolated from tropical legumes, Sesbania rostrata and Abrus precatorius, respectively". Symbiosis 34 (1): 53–68. 2003. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Because no type strains have been submitted to international culture collections, these are not currently recognized as valid species.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Ensifer adhaerens gen. nov., sp. nov.: A bacterial predator of bacteria in soil". Int J Syst Bacteriol 32 (3): 339–345. 1982. doi:10.1099/00207713-32-3-339. http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/32/3/339. 
  4. ↑ "Sinorhizobium americanus sp. nov., a new Sinorhizobium species nodulating native Acacia spp. in Mexico". Systematic and Applied Microbiology 26 (1): 54–64. March 2003. doi:10.1078/072320203322337317. PMID 12747410. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Sinorhizobium arboris sp. nov. and Sinorhizobium kostiense sp. nov., isolated from leguminous trees in Sudan and Kenya". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 49 (Pt. 4): 1359–68. October 1999. doi:10.1099/00207713-49-4-1359. PMID 10555313. 
  6. ↑ "Genomic characterization of Ensifer aridi, a proposed new species of nitrogen-fixing rhizobium recovered from Asian, African and American deserts". BMC Genomics 18 (1): 85. 2017. doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3447-y. PMID 28088165. 
  7. ↑ Rocha G, Le Quere A, Medina A, Cuellar A, Contreras JL, Carreno R, Bustillos R, Munoz-Rojas J, Villegas MDC, Chaintreuil C, Dreyfus B, Munive J-A. (2020). "Diversity and phenotypic analyses of salt- and heat-tolerant wild bean Phaseolus filiformis rhizobia native of a sand beach in Baja California and description of Ensifer aridi sp. nov.". Arch Microbiol 202: 309–322. doi:10.1007/s00203-019-01744-7. PMID 31659382. 
  8. ↑ "Rhizobia with different symbiotic efficiencies nodulate Acaciella angustissima in Mexico, including Sinorhizobium chiapanecum sp. nov. which has common symbiotic genes with Sinorhizobium mexicanum". FEMS Microbiology Ecology 67 (1): 103–17. January 2009. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00590.x. PMID 19120461. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Numerical taxonomic study of fast-growing soybean rhizobia and a proposal that Rhizobium fredii be assigned to Sinorhizobium gen. nov". Int J Syst Bacteriol 38 (4): 392–397. 1988. doi:10.1099/00207713-38-4-392. http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/38/4/392. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Ensifer glycinis sp. nov., an novel rhizobial species associated with Glycine spp". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60 (Pt 3): 2910–6. April 2016. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001120. PMID 27125987. 
  11. ↑ "Multilocus sequence analysis of root nodule isolates from Lotus arabicus (Senegal), Lotus creticus, Argyrolobium uniflorum and Medicago sativa (Tunisia) and description of Ensifer numidicus sp. nov. and Ensifer garamanticus sp. nov". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60 (Pt 3): 664–74. March 2010. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.012088-0. PMID 19656922. 
  12. ↑ "Rhizobium indigoferae sp. nov. and Sinorhizobium kummerowiae sp. nov., respectively isolated from Indigofera spp. and Kummerowia stipulacea". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 52 (Pt 6): 2231–9. November 2002. doi:10.1099/00207713-52-6-2231. PMID 12508892. 
  13. ↑ "Sinorhizobium medicae sp. nov., isolated from annual Medicago spp". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 46 (4): 972–80. October 1996. doi:10.1099/00207713-46-4-972. PMID 8863426. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 "Polyphasic taxonomy of rhizobia: Emendation of the genus Sinorhizobium and description of Sinorhizobium meliloti comb. nov., Sinorhizobium saheli sp. nov., and Sinorhizobium teranga sp. nov". Int J Syst Bacteriol 44 (4): 715–733. 1994. doi:10.1099/00207713-44-4-715. http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/44/4/715. Retrieved 2009-09-01. 
  15. ↑ "Ensifer mexicanus sp. nov. a new species nodulating Acacia angustissima (Mill.) Kuntze in Mexico". Systematic and Applied Microbiology 30 (4): 280–90. June 2007. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2006.12.002. PMID 17293074. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 "Proposal of Ensifer psoraleae sp. nov., Ensifer sesbaniae sp. nov., Ensifer morelense comb. nov. and Ensifer americanum comb. nov". Systematic and Applied Microbiology 36 (7): 467–73. October 2013. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2013.05.001. PMID 23759600. 
  17. ↑ "Ensifer sojae sp. nov., isolated from root nodules of Glycine max grown in saline-alkaline soils". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61 (Pt 8): 1981–8. August 2011. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.025049-0. PMID 20851917. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Euzéby JP. "Sinorhizobium". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/sinorhizobium. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Euzéby JP. "Ensifer". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/ensifer. 
  20. ↑ "Ensifer Casida 1982, 343VP". Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume Two: The Proteobacteria, Part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria. New York, New York: Springer. 2005. pp. 354–361. doi:10.1007/0-387-29298-5_87. ISBN 978-0-387-24145-6. https://archive.org/details/bergeysmanualofs00boon/page/354. 
  21. ↑ "Sinorhizobium Chen, Yan and Li 1988b, 396VP emend. de Lajudie, Willems, Pot, Dewettinck, Maestrojuan, Neyra, Collins, Dreyfus, Kersters and Gillis 1994, 732". Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume Two: The Proteobacteria, Part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria. New York, New York: Springer. 2005. pp. 358–361. doi:10.1007/0-387-29298-5_88. ISBN 978-0-387-24145-6. https://archive.org/details/bergeysmanualofs00boon/page/358. 
  22. ↑ "The composite genome of the legume symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti". Science 293 (5530): 668–72. July 2001. doi:10.1126/science.1060966. PMID 11474104. 
  23. ↑ "NCBI Genome Page for Sinorhizobium meliloti". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/1004. 
  24. ↑ "NCBI Genome Page for Sinorhizobium medicae". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/1412. 
  25. ↑ "Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234 possesses a remarkable number of secretion systems". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75 (12): 4035–45. June 2009. doi:10.1128/AEM.00515-09. PMID 19376903. 
  26. ↑ "NCBI Genome Page for Sinorhizobium fredii". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/3067. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "The genus name Ensifer Casida 1982 takes priority over Sinorhizobium Chen et al. 1988, and Sinorhizobium morelense Wang et al. 2002 is a later synonym of Ensifer adhaerens Casida 1982. Is the combination "Sinorhizobium adhaerens" (Casida 1982) Willems et al. 2003 legitimate? Request for an Opinion". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53 (Pt 6): 2107–10. November 2003. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02665-0. PMID 14657154. 
  28. ↑ "International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Agrobacterium and Rhizobium. Minutes of the meeting, 4 July 2001, Hamilton, Canada". Int J Syst Bacteriol 52 (6): 2337. 2002. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02524-0. http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/52/6/2337.pdf. Retrieved 6 August 2009. 
  29. ↑ "The genus name Sinorhizobium Chen et al. 1988 is a later synonym of Ensifer Casida 1982 and is not conserved over the latter genus name, and the species name 'Sinorhizobium adhaerens' is not validly published. Opinion 84". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 58 (Pt 8): 1973. August 2008. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.2008/005991-0. PMID 18676490. 
  30. ↑ Young JPW. (February 9, 2013). "Rhizobium: Writing about bacteria and their genomes". WordPress. http://rhizobium.wordpress.com/2013/02/09/from-rhizobium-to-sinorhizobium-from-sinorhizobium-to-ensifer/. 
  31. ↑ "Sinorhizobium morelense sp. nov., a Leucaena leucocephala-associated bacterium that is highly resistant to multiple antibiotics". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 52 (Pt 5): 1687–93. September 2002. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.01954-0. PMID 12361275. 
  32. ↑ "Identification of isolates from soybean nodules in Xinjiang Region as Sinorhizobium xinjiangense and genetic differentiation of S. xinjiangense from Sinorhizobium fredii". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 52 (Pt 2): 457–62. March 2002. doi:10.1099/00207713-52-2-457. PMID 11931157. 
  33. ↑ "Advantages of multilocus sequence analysis for taxonomic studies: A case study using 10 housekeeping genes in the genus Ensifer (including former Sinorhizobium)". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 58 (Pt 1): 200–14. January 2008. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65392-0. PMID 18175710. 
  34. ↑ "Multilocus sequence analysis of Ensifer and related taxa". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57 (Pt 3): 489–503. March 2007. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.64344-0. PMID 17329774. 
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Hördt, Anton; López, Marina García; Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P.; Schleuning, Marcel; Weinhold, Lisa-Maria; Tindall, Brian J.; Gronow, Sabine; Kyrpides, Nikos C. et al. (7 April 2020). "Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of Alphaproteobacteria". Frontiers in Microbiology 11: 468. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468. PMID 32373076. 

Wikidata ☰ Q3605613 entry




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