Biology:Smilax aspera
| Smilax aspera | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Liliales |
| Family: | Smilacaceae |
| Genus: | Smilax |
| Species: | S. aspera
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| Binomial name | |
| Smilax aspera | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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List
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Smilax aspera, with common names common smilax,[2] rough bindweed,[3] sarsaparille,[4] and Mediterranean smilax, is a species of flowering vine in the greenbriar family.
Description
Smilax aspera is a perennial, evergreen climber with a flexible and delicate stem, with sharp thorns. The climbing stem is 1–4 metres (3 ft 3 in–13 ft 1 in) long.[5] The leaves are 8–10 centimetres (3.1–3.9 in) long,[5] petiolated, alternate, tough, leathery, and heart-shaped, with toothed and spiny margins. It is a monocot with reticulate venation. The midrib of the underside of the leaf is also provided with spines. The flowers, very fragrant, are small, yellowish or greenish, gathered in axillary racemes. The flowering period in Mediterranean regions extends from September to November. The fruits are globose berries, gathered in clusters, which ripen in autumn. They are initially red, later turning black. They have a diameter of 8–10 millimetres (0.31–0.39 in)[5] and contain one to three tiny and round seeds. They are insipid and unpalatable to humans, but they are a source of nourishment for many species of birds.
Distribution
This species is widespread in Central Africa (Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Ethiopia), Mediterranean Europe (Cyprus, Albania, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Malta, Montenegro, France , Portugal, Spain ), temperate Asia ( Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey) and tropical Asia (India , Bhutan, Nepal). It is also naturalized in other regions.[6]
Habitat
It grows in the woods and scrubs, at an altitude of 0–1,200 metres (0–3,937 ft) above sea level.[5]
Gallery
Thickets of Smilax aspera
Smilax aspera in bloom
Berries of Smilax aspera
Leaves of Smilax aspera
Smilax aspera - MHNT
See also
- Smilax glyciphylla (sweet sarsaparille)
References
- ↑ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-288512. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
- ↑ (xls) BSBI List 2007, Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland, https://bsbi.org/download/3542/, retrieved 2014-10-17
- ↑ "Smilax aspera". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=SMAS. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
- ↑ Altervista Flora Italiana, salsapariglia, sarsaparille, rough bindweed, Smilax aspera includes photos and European distribution map
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Pignatti S. - Flora d'Italia – Edagricole – 1982. Vol. III, pag. 401
- ↑ {{citation | mode = cs1 | title = Smilax aspera | work = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) | url = | publisher = [[Organization:Agricultural Research ServAgricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) | access-date = 6 August 2014 }}
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q161119 entry
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