Biology:Sporocadaceae

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Short description: Family of fungi

Sporocadaceae
Neopestalotiopsis rhapidis (10.3897-BDJ.9.e70446) Figure 1.jpg
Images of Neopestalotiopsis rhapidis
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Sordariomycetes
Order: Amphisphaeriales
Family: Sporocadaceae
Corda, 1842 [1]
Type genus
Sporocadus
Corda, 1839
Genera

see text

Synonyms
  • Pestalotiopsidaceae Bartaliniaceae
  • Wijayaw. Maharachch. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 73: 85. 2015 Wijayaw. Maharachch. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 86: 5. 2017.
  • Maharachch. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 73: 106. 2015. Robillardaceae
  • Discosiaceae Crous, IMA Fungus 6: 184. 2015
  • Bartaliniaceae Maharachch. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 73: 94. 2015.

The Sporocadaceae are a family of fungi, that was formerly in the order Xylariales.[2] It was placed in the Amphisphaeriales order in 2020.[3]

Species of Sporocadaceae are endophytic (living with a plant), plant pathogenic (causing disease) or saprobic (processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter).[4] They are associated with a wide range of host plants.[5][6][7] They are also endophytes or parasitic on humans and animals.[8] Some of them are confirmed to cause human and animal diseases. For example, Pestalotiopsis spp. have been isolated from a bronchial biopsy, corneal abrasions, eyes, feet, fingernails, scalp, and sinuses from the human body.[9][10]

Members of Sporocadaceae are also known as 'pestalotioid fungi',[11] which refers to genera resembling those taxa having affinities with Pestalotia.[12] A former genus, whose species are now split between Pestalotiopsis, Neopestalotiopsis and Pseudopestalotiopsis.[13][14] 'Pestalotia' also encompasses genus Seiridium.[15]

History

The family Sporocadaceae was established by Corda in 1842 with the type genus of Sporocadus.[5][8]

The order of Amphisphaeriales was resurrected by Senanayake et al. (2015), to include Amphisphaeriaceae, Clypeosphaeriaceae and another four novel families derived from Amphisphaeriaceae (Bartaliniaceae, Discosiaceae, Pestalotiopsidaceae and Phlogicylindriaceae).[16] However, the fungal sequence dataset as used in Senanayake et al. (2015),[16] was largely incomplete and some of the introduced families were not well supported statistically. Subsequently, Jaklitsch et al. (2016),[17] synonymised Bartaliniaceae, Discosiaceae, Pestalotiopsidaceae and Robillardaceae, and then revived the older family name of Sporocadaceae to accommodate them (Crous et al. 2015).[18]

Because genera in this family of fungi share the same evolutionary history, it is unlikely that the diversity of secondary metabolites detected in Pestalotiopsis is an exception within the family. Therefore, a large number of potential novel metabolites might be hidden and await discovery. The natural classification system proposed for Sporocadaceae in this study could thus present a major step to screen for novel metabolites in future studies.[5]

Description

Most fungal genera within the Sporocadaceae family have multi-septate (cavity walls) and more or less fusiform (spindle-like shaped) conidia with appendages at one or both ends, frequently with some melanised cells.[12] This genus has undergone many rearrangements since it was first introduced by Italian botanist, lichenologist and mycologist De Notaris (1805–1877), in 1841.[5]

The morphology of the asexual morph genera having acervular (an open, saucer-shaped asexual fruiting body) conidiomata that produce hyaline (resembling glass), pale or dark brown, septate conidia were taken into the consideration by various botanic authors when they were assigned to the family.[8]

Pestalotia-like asexual morphs were classified in Amphisphaeriaceae (Samuels et al. 1987),[19] accommodating 36 genera (Hawksworth et al. 1995).[20]

Hosts

They are associated with a wide range of host plants,[6][11] including grapevines in China,[5] Rosa spp.[11] Camellia oleifera (Tea-oil tree) in China,[13]

Many of the Sporocadaceae species were reported as important plant pathogenic fungi that mainly harm various economic crops, such as tea (Camellia sinensis),[21][22] blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum),[23] and elephant apple, (Dillenia indica).[24] Genera Pestalotiopsis and Neopestalotiopsis cause twig blight and dieback on blueberry plants in Portugal.[25] Genera Neopestalotiopsis, Pestalotiopsis, and Seiridium are found on woody oil plants such as; (Camellia oleifera, Olea europaea (Olive), Paeonia suffruticosa, Sapium sebiferum, and Vernicia fordii) in Sichuan Province, China.[15]

Species of Pestalotiopsis are found on Fagaceae leaves within China.[26] Species Pestalotiopsis kenyana causes leaf spot disease on Zanthoxylum schinifolium (a species of prickly ash) in Sichuan Province, China.[27]

Pestalotioid fungi are also one of the major agents causing leaf spots on mango trees in China.[28]

In 2021, new species were found in Thailand, Neopestalotiopsis hydeana and Pestalotiopsis hydei which caused leaf spots and fruit rots on Alpinia malaccensis, Alpinia galangal, Annona squamosa, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Garcinia mangostana, Litsea petiolata, Vitis vinifera and various Citrus sp. in Chiang Rai, Thailand.[29]

Uses

In addition, members of Sporocadaceae are of particular interest with regard to the production of secondary metabolites, e.g. Pestalotiopsis, Bartalinia and Morinia (Collado et al., 2006,[30] Gangadevi and Muthumary, 2008,[31] Liu et al., 2009).[32] Pestalotiopsis fici was shown to possess a very high number of gene clusters involved in bio-active compound synthesis (Wang et al. 2016).[33]

Distribution

It has a cosmopolitan distribution worldwide,[11] except Canada, Alaska, Greenland and the North and South poles.[34] Including Argentina,[23] Thailand,[6] Taiwan,[21] and China.[7][12][11]

Genera

Studies on Sporocadaceae were mostly based on ITS and LSU sequence data (DNA analysis) and these data sets were not originally informative in resolving generic boundaries within the family (Jaklitsch et al. 2016b).[17] The 2019 study by Liu et al. (2019a), provided a revision of this family complete with morphology and multi-gene phylogeny based on the LSU, ITS and rpb2 sequence data and further analysis using protein coding genes (tef1 or tub2) for each genus.[5]

The family comprised 35 genera in 2022.[12] It was estimated it had 750 species.[8] As accepted in 2020 (with amount of genera);[3]

  • Allelochaeta Petr. (42)
  • Annellolacinia B. Sutton (2)
  • Bartalinia Tassi (19)
  • Broomella Sacc. (2)
  • Ciliochorella Syd. (4)
  • Dilophospora Desm. (ca. 2 + few orphaned names)
  • Diploceras (Sacc.) Died (2)
  • Disaeta Bonar (1)
  • Discosia Lib. (53)
  • Distononappendiculata F. Liu, L. Cai & Crous (3)
  • Diversimediispora F. Liu, L. Cai & Crous (1)
  • Doliomyces Steyaert (3)
  • Heterotruncatella F. Liu, L. Cai & Crous (17)
  • Hyalotiella Papendorf (6)
  • Hymenopleella Munk (inc. Dyrithiopsis L. Cai, Jeewon & K.D. Hyde; = Neotruncatella Hyang B.Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen) (8)
  • Immersidiscosia Kaz. Tanaka, Okane & Hosoya (1)
  • Millesimomyces Crous & M.J. Wingf. (1)
  • Monochaetia (Sacc.) Allesch. (ca. 30)
  • Morinia Berl. & Bres. (= Zetiasplozna Nag Raj) (2)
  • Neopestalotiopsis Maharachch., K.D. Hyde & Crous (75)
  • Nonappendiculata F. Liu, L. Cai & Crous (1)
  • Nothoseiridium Crous (1)
  • Parabartalinia F. Liu, L. Cai & Crous (1)
  • Pestalotiopsis Steyaert (ca. 100)
  • Pseudopestalotiopsis Maharachch., K.D. Hyde & Crous (22)
  • Pseudosarcostroma F. Liu, L. Cai & Crous (1)
  • Robillarda Sacc. (19)
  • Sarcostroma Cooke (19)
  • Seimatosporium Corda (ca.100)
  • Seiridium Nees (20)[35]
  • Sporocadus Corda (16)
  • Strickeria Körb. (10)
  • Synnemapestaloides T. Handa & Y. Harada (2)
  • Truncatella Steyaert (13)
  • Vermisporium H.J. Swart & M.A. Will. (1)
  • Xenoseimatosporium F. Liu, L. Cai & Crous (1)


References

  1. ↑ Corda, A.C.J. 1842. Icones fungorum hucusque cognitorum. 5:1-92
  2. ↑ Lumbsch, Thorsten H.; Huhndorf, S.M. (December 2007). "Outline of Ascomycota – 2007". Myconet (Chicago, USA: The Field Museum, Department of Botany) 13: 1–58. Archived from the original on March 18, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090318003134/http://www.fieldmuseum.org/myconet/outline.asp. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. 
  4. ↑ Hyde, Kevin D. et al. (2016). "Fungal diversity notes 367–490: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa". Fungal Diversity 80 (1): 1–270. doi:10.1007/s13225-016-0373-x. https://hau.collections.crest.ac.uk/9284/1/Mike%20Theodorou%20Fungal%2BDiversity%202%20April.pdf. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Liu, F.; Bonthond, G.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Cai, L.; Crous, P.W. (March 2019). "Sporocadaceae, a family of coelomycetous fungi with appendage-bearing conidia". Studies in Mycology 92: 287–415. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2018.11.001. PMID 30584265. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Guo, L.D.; Chukeatirote, E; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Hyde, Kevin D. (2013). "A destructive new disease of Syzygium samarangense in Thailand caused by the new species Pestalotiopsis samarangensis.". Tropical Plant Pathology 38 (3): 227–235. doi:10.1590/S1982-56762013005000002. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Jayawardena, R.S.; Zhang, W.; Liu, M.; Maharachchikumbura, SSN; Zhou, Y.; Huang, J.B.; Nilthong, S.; Wang, Z.Y. et al. (2015). "Identification and characterization of Pestalotiopsis-like fungi related to grapevine diseases in China.". Fungal Biology 119 (5): 348–361. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2014.11.001. PMID 25937063. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Chethana, Thilini (18 April 2020). "Sporocadaceae - Facesoffungi number: FoF 06111". https://www.facesoffungi.org/sporocadaceae/. 
  9. ↑ Sutton, D.A. (1999). "Coelomycetous fungi in human disease. A review: Clinical entities, pathogenesis, identification and therapy.". Rev. Iberoam. Micol 16 (4): 171–179. PMID 18473543. 
  10. ↑ Monden, Y.; Yamamoto, S.; Sunada, A.; Asari, S.; Makimura, K.; Inoue, Y. (2013). "First case of fungal keratitis caused by Pestalotiopsis clavispora.". Clin. Ophthalmol. 7: 2261–2264. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S48732. PMID 24348013. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Peng, C.; Crous, P.W.; Jiang, N.; Fan, X.L.; Liang, Y.M.; Tian, C.M. (December 2022). "Diversity of Sporocadaceae (pestalotioid fungi) from Rosa in China". Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi (Naturalis Biodiversity Center) 49: 201–260. doi:10.3767/persoonia.2022.49.07. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Zhang, Zhaoxue; Liu, Rongyu; Liu, Shubin; Mu, Taichang; Zhang, Xiuguo; Xia, Jiwen (14 April 2022). "Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal two new species of Sporocadaceae from Hainan, China". MycoKeys 88: 171–192. doi:10.3897/mycokeys.88.82229. PMID 35585932. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Li, Lingling; Yang, Qin; Li, He (15 December 2021). "Morphology, Phylogeny, and Pathogenicity of Pestalotioid Species on Camellia oleifera in China". J Fungi (Basel) 7 (12): 1080. doi:10.3390/jof7121080. PMID 34947061. 
  14. ↑ Vinson, Edgar. "Pestalotia is an Emerging Disease of Strawberries in the Southeast". https://www.aces.edu/blog/topics/crop-production/pestalotia-is-an-emerging-disease-of-strawberries-in-the-southeast/. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Li, Wen-Li; Dissanayake, Asha J.; Zhang, Tian; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S.N.; Liu, Jian-Kui (8 November 2022). "Identification and Pathogenicity of Pestalotiod Fungi Associated with Woody Oil Plants in Sichuan Province, China". J Fungi (Basel) 8 (11): 1175. doi:10.3390/jof8111175. PMID 36354942. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Senanayake, Indunil C.; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S.N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Bhat, Jayarama D.; Jones, E. B. Gareth; McKenzie, Eric H. C.; Dai, Dong Qin; Daranagama, Dinushani A. et al. (2015). "Towards unraveling relationships in Xylariomycetidae (Sordariomycetes).". Fungal Diversity 73: 73–144. doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0340-y. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Jaklitsch, W.M.; Gardiennet, A.; Voglmayr, H. (2016). "Resolution of morphology-based taxonomic delusions: Acrocordiella, Basiseptospora, Blogiascospora, Clypeosphaeria, Hymenopleella, Lepteutypa, Pseudapiospora, Requienella, Seiridium and Strickeria.". Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 37: 82‑105. doi:10.3767/003158516X690475. PMID 28100927. 
  18. ↑ Crous, Pedro W.; Carris, Lori M.; Giraldo, Alejandra; Groenewald, Johannes Z.; Hawksworth, David L.; Hemández-Restrepo, Margarita; Jaklitsch, Walter M.; Lebrun, Marc-Henri et al. (2015). "The Genera of Fungi - fixing the application of the type species of generic names - G 2: Allantophomopsis, Latorua, Macrodiplodiopsis, Macrohilum, Milospium, Protostegia, Pyricularia, Robillarda, Rotula, Septoriella, Torula, and Wojnowicia". IMA Fungus 6 (1): 163–198. doi:10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.01.11. PMID 26203422. 
  19. ↑ Samuels, G.J.; Müller, E.; Petrini, O. (1987). "Studies in the Amphisphaeriaceae (sensu lato) 3. New species of Monographella and Pestalosphaeria and two new genera". Mycotaxon 28: 473–499. 
  20. ↑ D.L. Hawksworth, P.M. Kirk, B.C. Sutton, et al. Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi (8th edn.), CAB International, Wallingford, UK (1995)
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Tsai, Ichen; Chung, Chia-Lin; Lin, Shiou-Ruei; Hung, Ting-Hsuan; Shen, Tang-Long; Hu, Chih-Yi; Hozzein, Wael N.; Ariyawansa, Hiran A. (February 2021). "Cryptic Diversity, Molecular Systematics, and Pathogenicity of Genus Pestalotiopsis and Allied Genera Causing Gray Blight Disease of Tea in Taiwan, With a Description of a New Pseudopestalotiopsis Species". Plant Disease 105 (2): 425–443. doi:10.1094/PDIS-05-20-1134-RE. PMID 32720884. 
  22. ↑ J. N. Srivastava and A. K. Singh (Editors) Diseases of Horticultural Crops: Diagnosis and Management: Volume 4 ... (2022), p. 127, at Google Books
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Fernández et al. 'Disease Prevalence and Symptoms Caused by Alternaria tenuissima and Pestalotiopsis guepinii on Blueberry in Entre Ríos and Buenos Aires, Argentina' January 2015, American Journal of Plant Sciences 06 (19):3082-3090
  24. ↑ Banerjee, A.; Mandal, R.; Nath, P.S. (2018). "First report of leaf spot disease of elephant apple (Dillenia indica) caused by Pestalotiopsis sp. in India". New Disease Reports 37: 14. doi:10.5197/j.2044-0588.2018.037.014. 
  25. ↑ Santos, João; Hilário, Sandra; Pinto, Glória; Alves, Artur (2022). "Diversity and pathogenicity of pestalotioid fungi associated with blueberry plants in Portugal, with description of three novel species of Neopestalotiopsis". European Journal of Plant Pathology 162 (3): 539–555. doi:10.1007/s10658-021-02419-0. 
  26. ↑ Jiang, Ning; Voglmayr, Hermann; Xue, Han; Piao, Chun-Gen; Li, Yong (21 December 2022). "Morphology and Phylogeny of Pestalotiopsis (Sporocadaceae, Amphisphaeriales) from Fagaceae Leaves in China". Microbiol. Spectr. 10 (6): e0327222. doi:10.1128/spectrum.03272-22. PMID 36354327. 
  27. ↑ Liu, C.; Luo, F; Zhu, T.; Han, S.; Li, S. (24 May 2021). "Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Pestalotiopsis kenyana on Zanthoxylum schinifolium in Sichuan Province, China.". Plant Dis. 105 (11): 3747. doi:10.1094/PDIS-10-20-2247-PDN. PMID 34029133. 
  28. ↑ Shu, Juan; Yu, Zhihe; Sun, Wenxiu; Zhao, Jiang; Li, Qili; Tang, Lihua; Guo, Tangxun; Huang, Suiping et al. (April 2020). "Identification and Characterization of Pestalotioid Fungi Causing Leaf Spots on Mango in Southern China". Plant Disease 104 (4): 1207–1213. doi:10.1094/PDIS-03-19-0438-RE. PMID 32065570. 
  29. ↑ Huanaluek, Naruemon; Jayawardena, Ruvishika S.; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Harishchandra, Dulanjalee L. (7 January 2021). "Additions to pestalotioid fungi in Thailand: Neopestalotiopsis hydeana sp. nov. and Pestalotiopsis hydei sp. nov.". Phytotaxa 479 (1): 23–43. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.479.1.2. 
  30. ↑ Collado, J.; Platas, G.; Bills, G.F.; Basilio, A.; Vicente, F. (2006). "Studies on Morinia: Recognition of Morinia longiappendiculata sp. nov. as a new endophytic fungus, and a new circumscription of Morinia pestalozzioides". Mycologia 98 (4): 616–627. doi:10.1080/15572536.2006.11832665. PMID 17139855. 
  31. ↑ Gangadevi, V.; Muthumary, J. (2008). "Taxol, an anticancer drug produced by an endophytic fungus Bartalinia robillardoides Tassi, isolated from a medicinal plant, Aegle marmelos Correa ex Roxb". World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 24 (5): 717. doi:10.1007/s11274-007-9530-4. 
  32. ↑ Liu, L.; Li, Y.; Liu, S.; Zheng, Z.; Chen, X.; Zhang, H. (2009). "Chloropestolide A, an antitumor metabolite with an unprecedented spiroketal skeleton from Pestalotiopsis fici". Organic Letters 11 (13): 2836–2839. doi:10.1021/ol901039m. PMID 19496604. 
  33. ↑ Wang, X.; Zhang, X.; Liu, L.; Xiang, M.; Wang, W.; Sun, X.; Che, Y.; Guo, L. et al. (2015). "Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis fici reveals its lifestyle and high potential for synthesis of natural products.". BMC Genomics 16 (1): 28. doi:10.1186/s12864-014-1190-9. PMID 25623211. 
  34. ↑ "Sporocadaceae" (in en). https://www.gbif.org/species/3288025. 
  35. ↑ Bonthond, G.; Sandoval-Denis, M.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Crous, P.W. (2018). "Seiridium (Sporocadaceae): an important genus of plant pathogenic fungi.". Persoonia 40: 96–118. doi:10.3767/persoonia.2018.40.04. PMID 30504997. 

Wikidata ☰ Q59061012 entry



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