Biology:Phaneropterinae

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Short description: Subfamily of cricket-like animals

Phaneropterinae
Phaneroptera nana female (7973618058).jpg
Female Phaneroptera nana
Isophya pyrenaea male (15031536651).jpg
Male Isophya pyrenaea
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Orthoptera
Suborder: Ensifera
Family: Tettigoniidae
Subfamily: Phaneropterinae
Burmeister, 1838[1]
Synonyms
  • Amblycoryphae Scudder, 1897
  • Phaneropteridae Burmeister, 1838

The Phaneropterinae, the sickle-bearing bush crickets or leaf katydids, are a subfamily of insects within the family Tettigoniidae.[2][3] Nearly 2,060 species in 85 genera throughout the world are known.[citation needed] They are also known as false katydids[4] or round-headed katydids.[2]

The name Phaneropterinae is based upon the Old World genus Phaneroptera (type species P. falcata), meaning "visible wing";[5] this refers to the exposed tips of the inner wings seen in many species, although some genera, notably in the tribes Barbitistini and Odonturini have become brachypterous.

Adult Phaneropterinae species with eggs

Description

The legs of individuals in this subfamily vary from genus to genus, but, as in nearly all Orthoptera, the posterior (rear) legs are adapted to leaping, and as such are always much longer than other legs. Phaneropterinae are generally well-camouflaged with green and brown colors being most prevalent, but there are exceptions including certain Aganacris and Scaphura that are Batesian mimics of wasps.[6]

The Phaneropterinae are largely arboreal in habitat.[2] The vast majority of species live in shrubs and trees, feeding on leaves and twigs.[2] Some species might potentially cause significant damage, though usually superficial, when present in large numbers, but this is rare; they usually are solitary, unlike meadow grasshoppers, so much so that they seldom come to human notice.[2]

The ovipositor and male genitalia vary according to the genus. The Phaneropterinae differ from other subfamilies of Tettigoniidae (and other Orthoptera) in their oviposition; their eggs are rarely deposited in the earth, but are either glued in double rows to twigs, or are inserted in the edges of leaves.[2]

Taxonomy

The subfamily Phaneropterinae was first erected in 1838 by German zoologist Hermann Burmeister.[3] (As of January 2024), Orthoptera Species File lists the following tribes, subtribes, genus groups, and genera.[3]

Acrometopini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Europe, the Middle East, Africa

Orophus tessellatus
  1. Acrometopa Fieber, 1853
  2. Altihoratosphaga Hemp, Voje, Heller, Warchalowska-Sliwa & Hemp, 2010
  3. Conchotopoda Karsch, 1887
  4. Horatosphaga Schaum, 1853
  5. Lamecosoma Ragge, 1960
  6. Peronura Karsch, 1889
  7. Peronurella Hemp, 2018
  8. Prosphaga Ragge, 1960
  9. Tenerasphaga Hemp, 2018

Amblycoryphini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas, Africa

Amblycorypha insolita


Barbitistini

Auth.: Jacobson, 1905 – Europe to central Asia

Male Barbitistes obtusus
Isophya species mating


Catoptropterigini

Auth.: Massa, 2016 – Africa

  1. Catoptropteryx Karsch, 1890
  2. Griffinipteryx Massa, 2016

Ducetiini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, India, China, Indochina to Australia

Ducetia sp.
Shirakisotima japonica
  1. Abaxisotima Gorochov, 2005
  2. Agnapha Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
  3. Bulbistridulous Xia & Liu, 1991
  4. Ducetia Stål, 1874
  5. Kuwayamaea Matsumura & Shiraki, 1908
  6. Noia Walker, 1870
  7. Paraducetia Gorochov & Kang, 2002
  8. Paragnapha Willemse, 1923
  9. Prohimerta Hebard, 1922
  10. Shirakisotima Furukawa, 1963
  11. Subibulbistridulous Shi, 2002

Dysoniini

Dysonia sp.
Markia arizae

Auth.: Rehn, 1950 – tropical Americas


Ectemnini

Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – tropical Americas

  1. Ectemna Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
  2. Euthyrrhachis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878

Elimaeini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891 – Asia

Elimaea punctifera
  1. Ectadia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
  2. Elimaea Stål, 1874
  3. Hemielimaea Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
  4. Orthelimaea Karny, 1926

Holochlorini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Asia-Pacific

Holochlora japonica female laying eggs
Poecilopsyra octoseriata


Insarini

Auth.: Rehn, & Hebard, 1914 – tropical & subtropical Americas

Arethaea sp.
  1. Arethaea Stål, 1876
  2. Brachyinsara Rehn & Hebard, 1914
  3. Insara Walker, 1869
  4. Psilinsara Hebard, 1932

Kevaniellini

Auth.: Massa, 2017 – eastern Africa

  1. Kevaniella Chopard, 1954

Letanini

Auth.: Hebard, 1922 – Asia

  1. Himertula Uvarov, 1940
  2. Letana Walker, 1869
Microcentrum retinerve

Microcentrini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas

Eggs of Microcentrum.


Mirolliini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Asia

  1. Amirollia Ingrisch, 2011
  2. Deflorita Bolívar, 1906
  3. Hemimirollia Ingrisch, 2011
  4. Hueikaeana Ingrisch, 1998
  5. Mirollia Stål, 1873

Morgeniini

Auth.: Karsch, 1890 - central and western Africa

  1. Mangomaloba Sjöstedt, 1902
  2. Morgenia Karsch, 1890

Odonturini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas, Iberian peninsula, Africa, Pacific islands

Obolopteryx castanea


Otiaphysini

Auth.: Karsch, 1889 - Africa

  • Debrona Walker, 1870
  • Drepanophyllum Karsch, 1890
  • Stenamblyphyllum Karsch, 1896
  • Tetraconcha Karsch, 1890

Pardalotini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 - Africa

Percynini

Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – South America

  • Percyna Grant, 1964
  • Sictuna Walker, 1869

Phaneropterini

Auth.: Burmeister, 1838 – distributed worldwide

Phaneroptera nana nymph


Phlaurocentrini

Auth.: Karsch, 1889 – Africa

  • Buettneria Karsch, 1889
  • Leiodontocercus Chopard, 1954
  • Phlaurocentrum Karsch, 1889

Phyllopterini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878


Plagiopleurini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America

  • Diplophyllus Saussure, 1859
  • Parableta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
  • Plagiopleura Stål, 1873

Plangiopsidini

Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa

  • Plangiola Bolívar, 1906
  • Plangiopsis Karsch, 1889

Poreuomenini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa

  • Cestromoecha Karsch, 1893
  • Paraporeuomena Massa, 2018
  • Poreuomena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878

Preussiini

Auth.: Karsch, 1890 – Africa

  • Enochletica Karsch, 1896
  • Preussia Karsch, 1890
  • Weissenbornia Karsch, 1888

Pycnopalpini

Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 – Central and South America


Scudderiini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas

Scudderia sp.


Steirodontini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – subtropical and tropical parts of the Americas

Stilpnochlora couloniana
  • Cnemidophyllum Rehn, 1917
  • Emsleyfolium Cadena-Castañeda, Mendes & Alves-Oliveira, 2016
  • Nicklephyllum Cadena-Castañeda, 2016
  • Steirodon Serville, 1831
  • Stilpnochlora Stål, 1873

Terpnistrini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Sri Lanka

  1. Diogena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
  2. Gelotopoia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
  3. Terpnistria Stål, 1873
  4. Terpnistrioides Ragge, 1980
  5. Tropidophrys Karsch, 1896

Trachyzulphini

Auth.: Gorochov, 2014 – China, Indochina, Malesia

  1. Trachyzulpha Dohrn, 1892

Trigonocoryphini

Auth.: Bei-Bienko, 1954 – Middle East, India, Malaysia

  • Cosmozoma Karsch, 1889
  • Megotoessa Karsch, 1889
  • Trigonocorypha Stål, 1873

Tylopsidini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Europe, Middle East, western Asia

Tylopsis lilifolia

Vossiini

Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa, Asia


Zeuneriini

Zeuneria melanopeza

Auth.: Karsh, 1890 - tropical Africa

  • Gravenreuthia Karsch, 1892
  • Zeuneria Karsch, 1889

Genus groups

Genus groups include:

Male Acripeza reticulata
Caedicia simplex


Incertae sedis

These genera have not been placed in a tribe:


  • Female Eulophophyllum thaumasium

  • Paracaedicia serrata

References

  1. ↑ Burmeister H (1838) Handbuch der Entomologie 2 2(I-VIII):684
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Blatchley WS. 1920. Orthoptera of northeastern America, Family VII. Tettigoniidae, Subfamily I, Phaneropterinae. Indianapolis, IN: Nature Publishing. 784 p. Phaneropterinae (pp. 459-494)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Cigliano, M. M.; Braun, H.; Eades, D. C.; Otte, D.. "subfamily Phaneropterinae Burmeister, 1838". Orthoptera Species File. http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1135953. 
  4. ↑ Walker, Thomas J.. "Singing Insects of North America (SINA), Phaneropterinae". http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/walker/buzz/s001a.htm. 
  5. ↑ Jaeger, Edmund Carroll (1959). A source-book of biological names and terms. Springfield, Ill: Thomas. ISBN 0-398-06179-3. https://archive.org/details/sourcebookofbiol0000jaeg. 
  6. ↑ ter Hofstede, H. (2017). "Revisiting adaptations of Neotropical katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) to gleaning bat predation". Neotrop Biodivers 3 (1): 41–49. doi:10.1080/23766808.2016.1272314. 

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q1999994 entry



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