Biology:Stephanospora

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Stephanospora is a genus of truffle-like gasteroid fungi in the order Agaricales. In 2014, nine new Australasian cryptic species were described.[1]

Taxonomy

Stephanospora was circumscribed by French mycologist Narcisse Théophile Patouillard in 1914 with S. caroticolor (formerly classified as a species of Hydnangium) as the type species.[2]

Species

  • S. aorangi Beever, Castellano & T.Lebel (2015)
  • S. caroticolor (Berk.) Pat. (1914)
  • S. chilensis (E.Horak) J.M.Vidal (2005) — South America, Europe[3]
  • S. corneri Pegler & T.W.K.Young (1979) — Singapore[4]
  • S. cribbae T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — Australia
  • S. flava (Rodway) G.W.Beaton, Pegler & T.W.K.Young (1985) — Australia, South Africa
  • S. hystrispora T.Lebel & Castellano, (2015) — Australia
  • S. kanuka T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — New Zealand
  • S. novae-caledoniae T.Lebel, Castellano & K.Hosaka (2015) — New Caledonia
  • S. occidentiaustralis T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — Australia
  • S. papua T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — Papua New Guinea
  • S. penangensis Corner & Hawker (1953) — Peninsular Malaysia[5]
  • S. poropingao T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — New Zealand
  • S. pounamu T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — New Zealand
  • S. redolens (G.Cunn.) E.Horak (1979)
  • S. sheoak T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — Australia
  • S. tetraspora T.Lebel, Beever & Castellano (2015) — Australia

Chemistry

The carrot colored truffle (Stephanospora caroticolor) produces an orange basidiocarp with pigmentation resulting from stephanosporin, a hydrazide containing 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol precursor. Upon fungal tissue injury, stephanosporin is rapidly converted to the topical fungicide potassium 2-chloro-4-nitrophenolate (nitrofungin potassium)—a chemical defense mechanism unique to this family of fungi.[6][7]

A schematic representation of the unique chemical defense pathway in Stephanospora fungi.

References

  1. ↑ "Cryptic diversity in the sequestrate genus Stephanospora (Stephanosporaceae: Agaricales) in Australasia". Fungal Biology 119 (4): 201–228. 2014. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2014.12.007. PMID 25813509. 
  2. ↑ Patouillard NT. (1914). "Quelques Champignons du Congo" (in French). Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France 30 (3): 336–346. 
  3. ↑ Vidal JM. (2005). "The genus Stephanospora Pat., two new combinations". Revista Catalana de Micologia 26: 97–111. http://publicacions.iec.cat/repository/pdf/00000167%5C00000024.pdf. 
  4. ↑ "The gasteroid Russulales". Transactions of the British Mycological Society 72 (3): 353–388 (see p. 383). 1953. doi:10.1016/s0007-1536(79)80143-6. http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59351/0072/003/0383.htm. 
  5. ↑ "Hypogeous fungi from Malaya". Transactions of the British Mycological Society 36 (2): 125–137 (see p. 130). 1953. doi:10.1016/s0007-1536(53)80057-4. Bibcode: 1953TrBMS..36..125C. http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59351/0036/002/0130.htm. 
  6. ↑ "Stephanosporin, a "traceless" precursor of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol in the gasteromycete Stephanospora caroticolor". Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 40 (9): 1704–1705. 2001. doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20010504)40:9<1704::AID-ANIE17040>3.0.CO;2-L. PMID 11353486. 
  7. ↑ Ju, Kou-San; Parales, Rebecca E. (2010). "Nitroaromatic Compounds, from Synthesis to Biodegradation". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 74 (2): 250–272. doi:10.1128/MMBR.00006-10. ISSN 1092-2172. PMID 20508249. Bibcode: 2010MMBR...74..250J. 

Wikidata ☰ Q10679395 entry



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