Biology:Streptaxidae

From HandWiki
Short description: Family of gastropods

Streptaxidae
Gonospira uvula Reunion 0408.jpg
Gonospira uvula
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia
Superorder: Eupulmonata
Order: Stylommatophora
Superfamily: Streptaxoidea
Family: Streptaxidae
Gray, 1860[1]
Subfamilies

Enneinae Bourguignat, 1883
Marconiinae Schileyko, 2000
Odontartemoninae Schileyko, 2000
Orthogibbinae Germain, 1921
Streptaxinae Gray, 1860

Diversity[2]
about 1000 species, about 60 genera

Streptaxidae is a family of carnivorous air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Stylommatophora. Six Streptaxidae subfamilies are accepted in the 2005 taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi.

Streptaxidae are carnivorous except for one species Edentulina moreleti, which is herbivorous.[3] All streptaxids have well-developed radula, except Careoradula perelegans, which is the only known terrestrial gastropod without radula.[4]

Altogether 66 species from the family Streptaxidae are listed in the 2010 IUCN Red List.[5]

Distribution

The historical area of origin of the Streptaxidae is probably Gondwanaland.[6]

The family is widely distributed across the tropical and subtropical areas of South America, Africa and Asia.[7] The Recent native distribution of Streptaxidae includes South America, Africa, Arabia, Madagascar, Seychelles, Mayotte, Comores, Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues, India, Sri Lanka, Andamans, South-East Asia and the Philippines.[2] The genus Gibbulinella is found in the Canary Islands.[2]

The species diversity of Streptaxidae reaches its maximum in sub-Saharan Africa.[7]

With 13 genera and about 130 nominal species, the second most diverse streptaxid fauna can be found in Southeast Asia.[7] Streptaxidae are the most diverse among tropical Asian carnivorous snails.[7] In Indochina, streptaxid diversity was thought to comprise only 10 genera and about 40 species in 1967.[8] However, in 2006–2016, 21 new species (more than half the previous total) and one new genus had been described from Indochina.[8] Thirty-seven species are recorded from Thailand, 10 from Myanmar, 45 from Vietnam,[8][9] and 12 from Laos.[8]

Description

Streptaxids can generally be recognized by their eccentric or cylindrical shells, while the animals have a bright yellow to red or orange body with external hook-like structures on the everted penis.[7]

Early classifications of the family such as Wilhelm Kobelt (1905–6), used mainly shell shape and the arrangement of apertural dentition.[8] However, many shell characters are highly conserved or occur recurrently, making some species and genera difficult to separate.[8] The reproductive organs of streptaxids can also be taxonomically significant.[8]

Taxonomy

Prior to Schileyko's revision in 2000 only two subfamilies, the Streptaxinae and the Enneinae had been recognized, which were primarily based on their shell morphology.[7]

2005 taxonomy

Only the one family, Streptaxidae, was recognized within the Streptaxoidea in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005).[10]

There are 6 subfamilies in the family Streptaxidae according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005, that follows Schileyko (2000):[11]

  • Streptaxinae Gray, 1860 - synonym: Artemonidae Bourguignat, 1889
  • Enneinae Bourguignat, 1883[12] - synonym: Streptostelidae Bourguignat, 1889
  • Marconiinae Schileyko, 2000[13]
  • Odontartemoninae Schileyko, 2000[14]
  • Orthogibbinae Germain, 1921[15] - synonyms: Gibbinae Steenberg, 1936; Gonidominae Steenberg, 1936
  • Ptychotrematinae Pilsbry, 1919[16]

2010 taxonomy

Sutcharit et al. (2010)[2] have established a new family Diapheridae within Streptaxoidea and they have added two genera Diaphera and Sinoennea into Diapheridae.[2]

In the recent decades, most of the taxonomic and systematic research on streptaxids has been performed on sub-Saharan African taxa.[7] Only a few publications focus on South American or Asian groups.[7]

Genera

Genera in the family Streptaxidae include:

Streptaxinae

Enneinae

  • Austromarconia van Bruggen & de Winter, 2003
  • Avakubia Pilsbry, 1919
  • Conogulella Pilsbry, 1919
  • Costigulella Pilsbry, 1919
  • Dadagulella Rowson & Tattersfield, 2013[18][note 1]
  • Digulella F. Haas, 1934
  • Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856[2]
  • Juventigulella Tattersfield, 1998
  • Microstrophia Möllendorff, 1887[2]
  • Mirellia Thiele, 1933
  • Mirigulella Pilsbry & Cockerell, 1933
  • Paucidentella Thiele, 1933
  • Primigulella Pilsbry, 1919
  • Pseudavakubia de Winter & Vastenhout, 2013
  • Pseudelma Kobelt, 1904
  • Ptychotrema L. Pfeiffer, 1853
  • Pupigulella Pilsbry, 1919
  • Rhabdogulella F. Haas, 1934
  • Silvigulella Pilsbry, 1919
  • Sphincterocochlion Verdcourt, 1985
  • Sphinctostrema Girard, 1894
  • Streptostele Dohrn, 1866[2]
  • Tomostele Ancey, 1885

Marconiinae

Odontartemoninae

Orthogibbinae

Unsorted to subfamily:

  • Aenigmigulella Pilsbry & Cockerell, 1933
  • Campolaemus Pilsbry, 1892
  • Conturbatia Gerlach, 2001 - with the only species Conturbatia crenata Gerlach, 2001[19]
  • Costigulella Pilsbry, 1919 - formerly included in Gulella
  • † Goniodomulus Harzhauser & Neubauer in Harzhauser et al., 2016
  • Pallgergelyia Thach, 2017
  • Parvedentulina Emberton & Pearce, 2000 - endemic to Madagascar[20]
  • † Pfefferiola Harzhauser & Neubauer, 2021
  • † Protostreptaxis W. Yü & X.-Q. Zhang, 1982
  • Sinistrexcisa De Winter, Gomez & Prieto, 1999:[2] synonym of Ptychotrema L. Pfeiffer, 1853
Notes

Synonyms

  • Subfamily Gibbinae Steenberg, 1936: synonym of Orthogibbinae Germain, 1921
  • Subfamily Gonidominae Steenberg, 1936: synonym of Orthogibbinae Germain, 1921
  • Subfamily Ptychotrematinae Pilsbry, 1919: synonym of Enneinae Bourguignat, 1883
  • Aberdaria Blume, 1965: synonym of Primigulella Pilsbry, 1919 (junior synonym)
  • Acanthenna: synonym of Acanthennea E. von Martens, 1898 (misspelling)
  • Adjua Chaper, 1885: synonym of Ptychotrema (Adjua) Chaper, 1885 represented as Ptychotrema L. Pfeiffer, 1853 (original rank)
  • Alcidia Bourguignat, 1890: synonym of Streptaxis Gray, 1837
  • Artemon H. Beck, 1837: synonym of Streptaxis Gray, 1837
  • Campylaxis Ancey, 1888: synonym of Streptostele Dohrn, 1866
  • Carychiopsis E. von Martens, 1895: synonym of Ennea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Ptychotrema (Ennea) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 represented as Ptychotrema L. Pfeiffer, 1853
  • Colpanostoma Bourguignat, 1890: synonym of Tayloria (Tayloria) Bourguignat, 1890 represented as Tayloria Bourguignat, 1890 (junior synonym)
  • Ennea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855[2] - type genus of the subfamily : synonym of Ptychotrema (Ennea) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 represented as Ptychotrema L. Pfeiffer, 1853
  • Enneastrum L. Pfeiffer, 1856: synonym of Ennea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Ptychotrema (Ennea) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 represented as Ptychotrema L. Pfeiffer, 1853
  • Eustreptaxis L. Pfeiffer, 1878: synonym of Streptaxis Gray, 1837 (objective junior synonym)
  • Eustreptostele Germain, 1915: synonym of Streptostele (Tomostele) Ancey, 1885: synonym of Tomostele Ancey, 1885
  • Gibbonsia Bourguignat, 1890: synonym of Gigantaxis Tomlin, 1930: synonym of Tayloria (Tayloria) Bourguignat, 1890 represented as Tayloria Bourguignat, 1890 (junior primary homonym of Gibbonsia Cooper, 1864)
  • Gibbulina Beck, 1837: synonym of Gibbus Montfort, 1810 (invalid; unnecessary replacement name for Gibbus Monfort, 1810)
  • Gigantaxis Tomlin, 1930:[2] synonym of Tayloria (Tayloria) Bourguignat, 1890 represented as Tayloria Bourguignat, 1890
  • Haplonepion Pilsbry, 1919: synonym of Ptychotrema (Haplonepion) Pilsbry, 1919 represented as Ptychotrema L. Pfeiffer, 1853
  • Huttonella Pfeiffer, 1855:[2] synonym of Gulella (Huttonella) L. Pfeiffer, 1856 represented as Gulella L. Pfeiffer, 1856
  • Idolum L. Pfeiffer, 1856: synonym of Gonidomus Swainson, 1840 (junior synonym)
  • Indoennea Kobelt, 1904:[2] synonym of Sinoennea Kobelt, 1904 (junior synonym)
  • Ischnostele C. R. Boettger, 1915: synonym of Streptostele (Raffraya) Bourguignat, 1883 represented as Streptostele Dohrn, 1866
  • Luntia E.A. Smith, 1898: synonym of Streptostele (Tomostele) Ancey, 1885: synonym of Tomostele Ancey, 1885 (junior synonym)
  • Macrogonaxis Bequaert & Clench, 1936[21]:[2] synonym of Tayloria (Macrogonaxis) Thiele, 1932 represented as Tayloria Bourguignat, 1890
  • Marconia Bourguignat, 1890: synonym of Gonaxis J. W. Taylor, 1877 (junior synonym)
  • Maurennea:[2] synonym of Gulella (Maurennea) Schileyko, 2000 represented as Gulella L. Pfeiffer, 1856
  • Nevillia E. von Martens, 1880: synonym of Microstrophia Möllendorff, 1887 (junior homonym of Nevillia H. Adams, 1868)
  • † Oppenheimiella Pfeffer, 1930 : synonym of † Pfefferiola Harzhauser & Neubauer, 2021 (Invalid: junior homonym of Oppenheimiella Meunier, 1893 [Diptera]; Pfefferiola is a replacement name)
  • Orthogibbus Germain, 1919: synonym of Gonospira Swainson, 1840
  • Parennea Pilsbry, 1919: synonym of Ptychotrema (Parennea) Pilsbry, 1919 represented as Ptychotrema L. Pfeiffer, 1853
  • Pseudartemon J. Mabille, 1887: synonym of Haploptychius Kobelt, 1905
  • Raffraya Bourguignat, 1883: synonym of Streptostele (Raffraya) Bourguignat, 1883 represented as Streptostele Dohrn, 1866
  • Sinistrexcisa de Winter, Gómez & Prieto, 1999: synonym of Ptychotrema L. Pfeiffer, 1853
  • Somalitayloria Verdcourt, 1962:[2] synonym of Tayloria (Somalitayloria) Verdcourt, 1962 represented as Tayloria Bourguignat, 1890
  • Stenomarconia Germain, 1934: synonym of Gonaxis (Stenomarconia) Germain, 1934 represented as Gonaxis J. W. Taylor, 1877
  • Thaumatogulella F. Haas, 1951: synonym of Mirellia Thiele, 1933
  • Varicostele Pilsbry, 1919:[2] synonym of Streptostele (Varicostele) Pilsbry, 1919 represented as Streptostele Dohrn, 1866
  • Webbia Odhner, 1932: synonym of Gibbulinella Wenz, 1920

See also

  • taxa of Streptaxidae described by Adolph Cornelis van Bruggen

References

This article includes CC-BY-3.0 text from the reference[7] and CC-BY-4.0 from the reference[8]

  1. ↑ Dadagulella is placed here, because Dadagulella and Gulella are supposed to be sister groups.
  1. ↑ Gray J. E. (October 1860) "On the arrangement of the land pulmoniferous Mollusca into families". Annals and Magazine of Natural History, serie 3, 6: 267-269. Streptaxidae is on the page 268.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.33 2.34 2.35 2.36 2.37 2.38 2.39 2.40 2.41 2.42 2.43 2.44 2.45 2.46 2.47 2.48 2.49 2.50 2.51 2.52 2.53 Sutcharit, C.; Naggs, F.; Wade, C. M.; Fontanilla, I.; Panha, S. (2010). "The new family Diapheridae, a new species of Diaphera Albers from Thailand, and the position of the Diapheridae within a molecular phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160: 1–16. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00598.x. 
  3. ↑ Gerlach, J (2001). "Edentulina moreleti, the first herbivorous streptaxid (Gastropoda)". Phelsuma 9: 75. http://islandbiodiversity.com/Phelsuma%209-17.pdf. 
  4. ↑ Gerlach, J.; van Bruggen, A. C. (1998). "A first record of a terrestrial mollusc without a radula". Journal of Molluscan Studies 64 (2): 249–250. doi:10.1093/mollus/64.2.249. 
  5. ↑ IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 27 September 2010.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Gerlach J. & Bruggen A. C. van (1999). "Streptaxidae Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata of the Seychelles Islands, western Indian Ocean". Zoologische Verhandelingen 328: 1-60. abstract, PDF.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 Siriboon, T.; Sutcharit, C.; Naggs, F.; Panha, S. (2013). "Three new species of the carnivorous snail genus Perrottetia Kobelt, 1905 from Thailand (Pulmonata, Streptaxidae)". ZooKeys (287): 41–57. doi:10.3897/zookeys.287.4572. PMID 23794847. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 Inkhavilay, Khamla; Siriboon, Thanit; Sutcharit, Chirasak; Rowson, Ben; Panha, Somsak (2016-05-16). "The first revision of the carnivorous land snail family Streptaxidae in Laos, with description of three new species (Pulmonata, Stylommatophora, Streptaxidae)". ZooKeys (589): 23–53. doi:10.3897/zookeys.589.7933. ISSN 1313-2970. PMID 27408533. PMC 4926661. https://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=7933. Retrieved 2017-11-02. 
  9. ↑ Sang, Do Duc; Do Duc, Sang (2017). "Checklist of the genus Perrottetia Kobelt, 1905 (Pulmonata: Streptaxidae) of Vietnam, with description of a new species". Folia Malacologica 25 (2): 95–100. doi:10.12657/folmal.025.009. http://www.foliamalacologica.com//en/manuscript/23,2452.html. Retrieved 2017-11-02. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel; Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks) 47 (1-2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997. 
  11. ↑ Schileyko A. A. (2000). "Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs: Rhytididae; Chlamydephoridae; Systrophiidae; Haplotrematidae; Streptaxidae; Spiraxidae; Oleacinidae; Testacellidae". Ruthenica Supplement 2 Part 6: 731–880.
  12. ↑ Bourguignat J. R. (1883) Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, serie 6, 15, Art. 2: page 74.
  13. ↑ Schileyko A. A. (2000). "Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs: Rhytididae, Chlamydephoridae, Systrophiidae, Haplotrematidae, Streptaxidae, Spiraxidae, Oleacinidae, Testacellidae". Ruthenica, Suppl. 2, Part 6: 731-880. page 828.
  14. ↑ Schileyko A. A. (2000). "Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs: Rhytididae, Chlamydephoridae, Systrophiidae, Haplotrematidae, Streptaxidae, Spiraxidae, Oleacinidae, Testacellidae". Ruthenica, Suppl. 2, Part 6: 731-880. page 830.
  15. ↑ Germain (1921) Faune malacologique terrestre et fluviatile des iles Mascareignes: 415, 461.
  16. ↑ Pilsbry, H. A. (1919). "A review of the land mollusks of the Belgian Congo : chiefly based on the collections of the American Museum Congo Expedition, 1909-1915". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 40: 180. 
  17. ↑ Wenz, W. v. (1947). "Zur Taxonomie der Euthyneura". Archiv für Molluskenkunde 76 (1): 336. 
  18. ↑ Rowson, B.; Tattersfield, P. (2013). "Revision of Dadagulella gen. nov., the "Gulella radius group" (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies"". European Journal of Taxonomy (37): 1–46. doi:10.5852/ejt.2013.37. 
  19. ↑ Gerlach, J (2001). "Conturbatia, a new genus of Streptaxidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata)". Zoosystematics and Evolution 77 (2): 297–302. doi:10.1002/mmnz.20010770213. 
  20. ↑ Emberton, K. C. (2002). "Parvedentulina and edentate Gulella of Madagascar (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Streptaxidae)". Archiv für Molluskenkunde 131 (1/2): 67–165. doi:10.1127/arch.moll/131/2002/67. http://www.schweizerbart.de/resources/downloads/paper_previews/73642.pdf. 
  21. ↑ Bequaert, J.; Clench, W. J. (1936). ""Studies of African land and fresh-water mollusks. Notes on Gonaxis Taylor, with description of a new species".". Journal of Conchology (London) 20: 263–273. 

Further reading

  • Zilch, A (1961). "Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg 24: Mollusca, Streptaxidae". Archiv für Molluskenkunde 90: 79–120. 

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q7623333 entry



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biology:Streptaxidae&oldid=3612755"