Biology:Taiwanofungus camphoratus

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Short description: Species of fungus

Taiwanofungus camphoratus
牛樟芝1.jpg
Scientific classification edit
Missing taxonomy template (fix): Incertae sedis/Polyporales
Genus: Taiwanofungus
Species:
T. camphoratus
Binomial name
Taiwanofungus camphoratus
(M.Zang & C.H.Su) Sheng H.Wu, Z.H.Yu, Y.C.Dai & C.H.Su (as comphoratus) (1994)
Synonyms[1]
List
  • Antrodia camphorata (M.Zang & C.H.Su) Sheng H.Wu, Ryvarden & T.T.Chang (1997)
  • Antrodia cinnamomea T.T. Chang & W.N. Chou (1995)
  • Ganoderma camphoratum M.Zang & C.H.Su (1990)
  • Ganoderma comphoratus
  • Taiwanofungus comphoratus

Taiwanofungus camphoratus, also known as stout camphor fungus, is a species of fungus that is endemic to Taiwan, where it grows only on the endemic aromatic tree Cinnamomum kanehirae, causing a brown heart rot.

Traditional medicine

It is used in Taiwanese traditional medicine as a purported remedy for cancer, hypertension, and hangover.[2] The annual market is worth over $100 million (US) in Taiwan alone. The 32.15 Mb genome containing 9,254 genes has been sequenced.[3]

Taiwanofungus camphoratus has been found to produce anti-obesogenic, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects in high-fat diet-fed mice.[4]

Chemical constituents

Antcin B, antrodioxolanone, antrocamphin B, antroquinonol, antrocamphins, zhankuic acids, and other antcins have been reported as constituents of Taiwanofungus camphoratus.

Ecological concern

Because of its use as an herbal remedy, fruiting bodies of the fungus can fetch high prices. Good quality fruiting bodies were reported to cost as much as US$15,000/kg in 1997, before artificial cultivation methods were developed.[5] Some have illegally farmed the fungus in the forests of Taiwan by hollowing out endangered stout camphor trees (Cinnamomum kanehirae).[6] This is despite the equal potency of T. camphotatus grown in a laboratory.[7]

References

  1. ↑ "Taiwanofungus camphoratus" (in English). Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=196114. "Antrodia camphorata synonym: Taiwanofungus comphoratus synonym: Ganoderma comphoratus synonym: Ganoderma camphoratum synonym: Antrodia cinnamomea" 
  2. ↑ Liu, Y. W. (2012). "Protective effects of Antrodia cinnamomea against liver injury". Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 2 (4): 284–294. doi:10.1016/s2225-4110(16)30114-6. PMID 24716143. 
  3. ↑ Lu, MY.; Fan, WL.; Wang, WF.; Chen, T.; Tang, YC.; Chu, FH.; Chang, TT.; Wang, SY. et al. (Oct 2014). "Genomic and transcriptomic analyses of the medicinal fungus Antrodia cinnamomea for its metabolite biosynthesis and sexual development". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111 (44): E4743–52. doi:10.1073/pnas.1417570111. PMID 25336756. Bibcode: 2014PNAS..111E4743L. 
  4. ↑ C-J Chang; C-C Lu; C-S Lin; J Martel; Y-F Ko; DM Ojcius; T-R Wu; Y-H Tsai et al. (2018). "Antrodia cinnamomea reduces obesity and modulates the gutmicrobiota in high-fat diet-fed mice". International Journal of Obesity 2018: 231–243. https://www.nature.com/articles/ijo2017149.pdf. 
  5. ↑ "Antrodia camphorata ("niu-chang-chih"), new combination of a medicinal fungus in Taiwan". Bot Bull Acad Sin 38: 273–275. 1997. http://ejournal.sinica.edu.tw/bbas/content/1997/4/bot384-09-info.html. 
  6. ↑ China Post news staff (12 March 2012). "Taitung takes action to help prevent loss of Ligavon's last ancient camphor". Taiwan: The China Post. http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/local/taitung/2012/03/12/334348/Taitung-takes.htm. "Many timber thieves drill away stout camphor trunks, collecting the fungi, selling the timber, and leaving gigantic “tunnels” in the enormous trees' trunks." 
  7. ↑ China Post news staff (2 March 2010). "Cultivated camphor fungi as effective as wild ones". Taiwan: The China Post. http://www.chinapost.com.tw/health/medicine/2010/03/02/246444/Cultivated-camphor.htm. "The medical effect of wild stout camphor fungi is the same as cultivated ones, according to a study of the Department of Forestry at National Chung Hing University (NCHU)." 

Further reading

  • Chang, Tun-Tschu, and Wang, Wu-Rong. "Basidiomatal formation of Antrodia cinnamomea on artificial agar media." Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica 46 (2005).
  • Yang, Fan-Chiang; Huang, Hui-Chin; Yang, Ming-Je (2003). "The influence of environmental conditions on the mycelial growth of Antrodia cinnamomea in submerged cultures". Enzyme and Microbial Technology 33 (4): 395–402. doi:10.1016/S0141-0229(03)00136-4. ISSN 0141-0229. 
  • Lin, Ting-Yu; Chen, Chieh-Yin; Chien, Shih-Chang; Hsiao, Wen-Wei; Chu, Fang-Hua; Li, Wen-Hsiung; Lin, Chin-Chung; Shaw, Jei-Fu et al. (2011). "Metabolite Profiles for Antrodia cinnamomea Fruiting Bodies Harvested at Different Culture Ages and from Different Wood Substrates". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 59 (14): 7626–7635. doi:10.1021/jf201632w. ISSN 0021-8561. PMID 21668009. 
  • Chang, Tun-Tschu, and Wen-Neng Chou. "Antrodia cinnamomea reconsidered and A. salmonea sp. nov. on Cunninghamia konishii in Taiwan." Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica 45 (2004).

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q15636116 entry




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