Biology:Tephritoidea

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Short description: Superfamily of flies

Tephritoidea
Physiphora alceae female.jpg
Female Physiphora alceae
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Subsection: Acalyptratae
Superfamily: Tephritoidea
Families

see text

The Tephritoidea are a superfamily of flies. It has over 7,800 species, the majority of them in family Tephritidae.[1]

The following families are included:[2]

The Tachiniscinae, formerly ranked as the family Tachiniscidae, are now included in the Tephritidae.

Description

Tephritoidea are generally rather hairy flies with setae weakly differentiated. They have the following synapomorphies: male tergum 6 strongly reduced or absent; surstylus or medial surstylus with toothlike prensisetae (in Piophilidae only in one genus); female sterna 4-6 with anterior rodlike apodemes; female tergosternum 7 consisting of two portions, the anterior forming a tubular oviscape and the posterior consisting of two pairs of longitudinal taeniae.[3]

In most Tephritoidea, the anal cell of a wing has a characteristic shape: the anal crossvein is indented while the cell's outer posterior angle is produced into an acute lobe. The exceptions to this rule are Platystomatidae and some Tephritidae, Ulidiidae (=Otitidae), and Pyrgotidae.[4]

Many tephritoid families have spots or patterns on their wings. These are Pallopteridae,[5] Platystomatidae,[6] Pyrgotidae,[7] Richardiidae,[8] Tephritidae[9] and Ulidiidae.[10]

Ecology

Tephritoidea includes plant pests in the families Tephritidae, Lonchaeidae and Ulidiidae.[11][12] In these pest species, adult females lay their eggs on plant tissues, which hatch into larvae that begin feeding.[11] However, Tephritoidea also includes parasitoids (Ctenostylidae, Pyrgotidae and the tephritid subfamily Tachiniscinae) and saprophages that feed on decaying plants (subfamily Phytalmiinae and some Lonchaeidae).[2][11]

Phylogeny

Tephritoidea is a monophyletic superfamily that can be divided into two also-monophyletic groups: the Piophilidae Family Group (Pallopteridae, Circumphallidae, Lonchaeidae, Piophilidae and Eurygnathomyiidae) and the Tephritidae Family Group (Richardiidae, Ulidiidae, Platystomatidae, Tephritidae, Ctenostylidae and Pyrgotidae).[2]

Evolution

The first Tephritoidea are believed to have evolved in the mid-Paleocene, approximately 59 million years ago.[2]

References

  1. ↑ Kahanpää, Jere; Winqvist, Kaj (2014-09-19). "Checklist of the Diptera superfamilies Tephritoidea and Sciomyzoidea of Finland (Insecta)" (in en). ZooKeys (441): 259–275. doi:10.3897/zookeys.441.7143. ISSN 1313-2970. PMID 25337022. PMC 4200462. https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/4054/. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Han, Ho-Yeon; Ro, Kyung-Eui (2016). "Molecular phylogeny of the superfamily Tephritoidea (Insecta: Diptera) reanalysed based on expanded taxon sampling and sequence data" (in en). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 54 (4): 276–288. doi:10.1111/jzs.12139. 
  3. ↑ Korneyev, V. A. (1999). "Phylogenetic relationships among the families of the superfamily Tephritoidea". in Aluja, M.. Fruit flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and Evolution of Behavior. CRC Press. pp. 3–22. ISBN 0-8493-1275-2. OCLC 48652104. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304404890. 
  4. ↑ McAlpine, David K. (1973-07-02). "The Australian Platystomatidae (Diptera, Schizophora) with a revision of five genera". Australian Museum Memoir 15: 1–256. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1967.15.1973.454. ISSN 0067-1967. 
  5. ↑ "Family Pallopteridae - Flutter Flies". https://bugguide.net/node/view/12755. 
  6. ↑ "Signal Fly - Family Platystomatidae". https://www.brisbaneinsects.com/brisbane_acalyptrata/ScarabFly.htm. 
  7. ↑ Korneyev, V. A. (2004). "Genera of Palaearctic Pyrgotidae (Diptera, Acalyptrata), with Nomenclatural Notes and a Key". Vestnik Zoologii 38 (1): 19–46. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273280672. 
  8. ↑ Wendt, Lisiane Dilli; Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016-06-14). "FAMILY RICHARDIIDAE". Zootaxa 4122 (1): 585–595. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.49. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 27395297. http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4122.1.49. 
  9. ↑ "Family Tephritidae - Fruit Flies". https://bugguide.net/node/view/7017. 
  10. ↑ Lomonosov Moscow State University; Galinskaya, T.V.; Khaghaninia, S.; University of Tabriz; Gharajedaghi, Y.; University of Tabriz (2012). "A contribution to the fauna of Ulidiidae and Otitidae (Diptera) of Iran". Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 8 (2): 342–345. doi:10.23885/1814-3326-2012-8-2-342-345. http://www.ssc-ras.ru/files/files/30_%20Galinskaya.pdf. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Uchoa, M. A. (2012-02-24), Soloneski, Sonia, ed., "Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritoidea): Biology, Host Plants, Natural Enemies, and the Implications to Their Natural Control" (in en), Integrated Pest Management and Pest Control - Current and Future Tactics (InTech), doi:10.5772/31613, ISBN 978-953-51-0050-8, http://www.intechopen.com/books/integrated-pest-management-and-pest-control-current-and-future-tactics/fruit-flies-diptera-tephritoidea-biology-host-plants-natural-enemies-and-the-implications-to-their-n, retrieved 2022-06-21 
  12. ↑ Garcia, Flavio R. M.; Norrbom, Allen L. (2011). "Tephritoid flies (Diptera, Tephritoidea) and their plant hosts from the state of Santa Catarina in southern Brazil" (in English). Florida Entomologist 94 (2): 151–157. doi:10.1653/024.094.0205. ISSN 0015-4040. https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Tephritoid+flies+%28Diptera%2C+Tephritoidea%29+and+their+plant+hosts+from+the+state+of+Santa+Catarina+in+southern+Brazil&author=Garcia%2C+Flavio+R.M.&publication_year=2011. 

External links

Template:Diptera Wikidata ☰ Q1093493 entry



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