Biology:Termitomyces heimii
| Termitomyces heimii | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Lyophyllaceae |
| Genus: | Termitomyces |
| Species: | T. heimii
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| Binomial name | |
| Termitomyces heimii Natarajan (1979)
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Termitomyces heimii is a species of agaric fungus in the family Lyophyllaceae. It has symbiotic relationship with termites. Described as new to science in 1979, it is found in India. The specific epithet heimii honors French mycologist Roger Heim.[1] The fruit bodies (mushrooms) produced by the fungus are edible.
Description
Macroscopic features
The cap has a diameter of 8 to 12.5 centimeters with a smooth, silky white surface. It is gray in the middle, and turns brownish over time. It is arched convex to flat arched (plano-convex) with a distinct hump. The edge is curved. The up to 8 millimeters wide lamellae are free, white, turns pink over time with a sawn edge. Lamellettes are available.[1][2] The stem is up to 19 inches long and up to 2 inches thick, white, smooth, cylindrical, not hollow with a pronounced ring . It is extended like a root (pseudorhiza).[1]
Microscopic features
The hyphae in the pulp are interwoven, thick-walled and up to 18 micrometers wide. The top layer of the hat consists of radially arranged hyphae up to 5 micrometers thick. The basidia are club-shaped, 19.5 to 21 micrometers long and 5.5 to 7 micrometers wide and have 2 to 4 sterigms . Pleurocystidia are rare, if present they are club-shaped, 46 by 18 micrometers in size. The spores are elliptical, smooth, translucent, inamyloid, and grow to 7 to 8.4 by 4.2 to 5.6 micrometers in size. There are no buckles . The spore print is pink.[1]
Ecology
Like other Termitomyces species, the fungus lives symbiotically in and on termite nests.[1] It can be found on forests as well as cocoa, oil palm and rubber tree plantations, and also in gardens, orchards and pastures where termites of the genus Odontotermes occur. It grows in groups, often with more than 300 specimens, rooted in a single termite nest that can accommodate up to 40 or more mushroom chambers.[2] The termites literally breed the mushroom, plant mushroom gardens and use it as food. The gardens are laid out in special chambers using excrement pills containing spores. The mycelium grows through the substrate (the accumulations of feces), and after a few weeks the fungus begins to form vegetative nodules that serve as food for the termites.[3]
Distribution
Termitomyces heimii is common in South Asia.[2]
Systematics and taxonomy
Termitomyces heimii was first described by K. Natarajan in 1979 . He found it on the Madras University campus . The specific epithet honors the French mycologist Roger Heim . The generic name refers to the close association of the fungus with termites.[1]
Use as food
Termitomyces heimii is considered to be one of the most sought-after wild mushrooms. It is mainly collected and sold in India, China, Malaysia and Nepal.[2][4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Natarajan K. (1979), "South Indian Agaricales V: Termitomyces heimii" (in German), Mycologia 71 (4): pp. 853–855, doi:10.2307/3759201
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Pegler, D. N., Vanhaecke, M. (1994), "Termitomyces of Southeast Asia" (in German), Kew Bulletin 49 (4): pp. 717–736, doi:10.2307/4118066
- ↑ Ulrich G. Mueller, Nicole M. Gerardo, Duur K. Aanen, Diana L. Six, Ted R. Schultz (2005), "The Evolution of Agriculture in Insects" (in German), Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 36: pp. 563–595, doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.36.102003.152626
- ↑ Christensen, M., Bhattarai, S., Devkota, S., Larsen, H.O. (2008), "Collection and Use of Wild Edible Fungi in Nepal" (in German), Economic Botany 62: pp. 12–23, doi:10.1007/s12231-007-9000-9
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q7702890 entry
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