Biology:Thoreales

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Short description: Order of algae

Thoreales
Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Pl 16) BHL28887061.jpg
Illustration of 3 types of Thorea species from 1808
Scientific classification e
(unranked): Archaeplastida
Division: Rhodophyta
Class: Florideophyceae
Subclass: Nemaliophycidae
Order: Thoreales
Müller, K.M., Sherwood, A.R., Pueschel, C.M., Gutell, R.R. & Sheath, R.G. 2002.

Thoreales is an order of red algae belonging to the class Florideophyceae.[1] The order consists only one family, Thoreaceae Hassall, 1845.[2][3] The family of Thoreaceae was circumscribed by Arthur Hill Hassall in A history of the British freshwater algae, including descriptions of the Desmideae and Diatomaceae in 1845.[2]

The family was originally placed in the Nemaliales order before being transferred to the newly created Batrachospermales order,[4][5][6] before being placed later in Thoreales order in 2002. After various species of the family were analysed for the sequences of the genes coding for the large subunit of RUBISCO (rbcL) and the small subunit of rRNA (18S rRNA).[1][7]

Description

The order is characterized by having freshwater species with multi-axial gametophytes, a uni-axial chantransia stage, and pit plugs with two cap layers, the outer one of which is usually plate-like.[1] It has a multi-axial thalli.[8] They have branched uniseriate filaments as long as 200 cm (79 in) long and 0.5 mm in diameter. They have a colourless axis filament with dense photosynthetic lateral branches. They are normally reddish-brown, olive-green, blue-green to nearly black in colour.[9][10]

Distribution

The family has cosmopolitan distribution.[11] Species from the family are found in tropical and sub-tropical regions or in temperate warm waters. Thorea is found on several continents (including Australia,[9] and South America), but Nemalionopsis has been only found in Asia and North America.[8][12]

Genera

As accepted by AlgaeBase;[13]

  • Nemalionopsis Skuja, 1934 - 3 spp.
  • Thorea Bory, 1808 - 13 spp.

Former genera;Polycoma Pasilot de Bauvois, 1808 and Thorella B. Gaillon, 1883,[13] Both accepted as synonyms of Thorea Bory de Saint-Vincent.[14]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Müller, Kirsten M.; Sherwood, Alison R.; Pueschel, Curt M.; Gutell, Robin R.; Sheath, Robert G. (16 August 2002). "A proposal for a new red algal order, the Thoreales". Journal of Phycology 38 (4): 807–820. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2002.01055.x. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hassall, A.H. 1845. A history of the British freshwater algae, including descriptions of the Desmideae and Diatomaceae. With upwards of one hundred plates, illustrating the various species. Vol. I. pp. [i]–viii, [i]–462, [i , err.]. London, Edinburgh, Paris & Leipzig: S. Highley, H. Baillière; Sunderland & Knox; J.B. Baillière; T.O. Weigel.
  3. ↑ Kamiya, M., Lindstrom, S.C., Nakayama, T., Yokoyama, A., Lin, S.-M., Guiry, M.D., Gurgel, F.D.G., Huisman, J.M., Kitayama, T., Suzuki, M., Cho, T.O. & Frey, W. 2017. Rhodophyta. In: Syllabus of Plant Families, 13th ed. Part 2/2: Photoautotrophic eukaryotic Algae. (Frey, W. Eds), pp. [i]–xii, [1]–171. Stuttgart: Borntraeger Science Publishers. ISBN 978-3-443-01094-2.
  4. ↑ Debashish Bhattacharya (Editor) Origins of Algae and their Plastids (2012), p. 126, at Google Books
  5. ↑ Pueschel, Curt M.; Cole, Kathleen M. (May–June 1982). "Rhodophycean Pit Plugs: An Ultrastructural Survey with Taxonomic Implications". American Journal of Botany 69 (5): 703–720. 
  6. ↑ Pueschel, Curt M.; Sullivan, P. Gary; Titus, John E. (Fall 1995). "OCCURRENCE OF THE RED ALGA THOREA VIOLACEA (BATRACHOSPERMALES: THOREACEAE) IN THE HUDSON RIVER, NEW YORK STATE". Rhodora 97 (892): 328–338. 
  7. ↑ Morgan L Vis, Orlando Necchi Jr and Orlando Necchi Júnior Freshwater Red Algae: Phylogeny, Taxonomy and Biogeography (2021), p. 6, at Google Books
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Necchi Jr, Orlando (January 1997). "Taxonomy and distribution of Thorea (Thoreaceae, Rhodophyta) in Brazil". Algological Studies 84: 84–90Taxonomy and phylogeny of freshwater red algae 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 P. M. McCarthy and Lyn Jessup Algae of Australia, Volume 3 (2006), p. 26, at Google Books
  10. ↑ "Phycokey - Thorea". http://cfb.unh.edu/phycokey/Choices/Rhodophyceae/Microreds/THOREA/Thorea_key.html. 
  11. ↑ "Thoreaceae" (in en). https://www.https://www.gbif.org/species/4952. 
  12. ↑ Sheath, Robert G.; Vis, Morgan L.; Cole, Kathleen M. (11 Aug 1993). "Distribution and systematics of the freshwater red algal family Thoreaceae in North America". European Journal of Phycology 28 (4): 231–241. doi:10.1080/09670269300650341. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Taxonomy Browser :: AlgaeBase". https://www.algaebase.org/browse/taxonomy/#5030. 
  14. ↑ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Thoreaceae". https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=381051. 

Wikidata ☰ Q3525803 entry



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