Biology:Tinospora
Tinospora is a genus of flowering plants in the family Menispermaceae.[1][2] Its species have a succulent, woody, climbing shrub habit. Thirty-four species are currently recognized.[1] Species generally send down long aerial roots from host trees. They have corky or papery bark. They are found in tropical and sub-tropical parts of Asia, Africa and Australia.[3] The most common species are T. cordifolia and T. crispa.
It is native to the Andaman Islands, Angola, Assam, western Australia, Bangladesh, Benin, the Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, the Caprivi Strip, Chad, south-central and southeast China, Christmas Island, East Himalaya, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Hainan, India, Java, Kenya, Laos, the Lesser Sunda Islands, the Maldives, Mali, the Maluku Islands, the Marianas Islands, Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New South Wales, the Nicobar Islands, Niger, Nigeria, the Northern Provinces, the Northern Territory, Peninsular Malaysia, the Philippines, Queensland, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, the Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Tanzania, Thailand, Vietnam, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.[1]
Species
Tinospora species accepted by Plants of the World Online include:[1]
- Tinospora homosepala Becc.
- Diels Diels
- Tinospora krispura I.M.Turner
- Tinospora macrocarpa Tinospora cordifolia
- Diels Tinospora maqsoodiana
- Mujaffar, Moinudd. & Mustakim Tinospora merrilliana
- (Willd.) Hook.f. & Thomson Diels
- Tinospora neocaledonica Forman
- Tinospora nudiflora Tinospora crispa
- (Griff.) Kurz Tinospora orophila
- Troupin Tinospora baenzigeri
- (L.) Hook.f. & Thomson Miers
- Tinospora siamensis Forman
- Tinospora sinensis Tinospora dissitiflora
- (Lour.) Merr. Tinospora singapura
- I.M.Turner Tinospora smilacina
- (K.Schum. & Lauterb.) Diels Benth.
- Tinospora subcordata (Miq.) Diels
- Tinospora sumatrana Tinospora esiangkara
- Becc. Tinospora teijsmannii
- Boerl. Tinospora arfakiana
- Forman (F.M.Bailey) Forman
- Miers Tinospora tinosporoides
- (F.Muell.) Forman Tinospora formanii
- Diels Udayan & Pradeep
- Tinospora fragosa Tinospora bakis
- (I.Verd.) I.Verd. & Troupin Tinospora glabra
- (Burm.f.) Merr. Tinospora glandulosa
- (A.Rich.) Miers Merr.
- Tinospora guangxiensis H.S.Lo
- Tinospora hainanensis Tinospora celebica
- H.S.Lo & Z.X.Li Tinospora hirsuta
- Tinospora trilobata (Becc.) Forman
- Tinospora tenera Tinospora palminervis
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Tinospora Miers". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:141964-1.
- ↑ "Tinospora Miers". Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/7X5B.
- ↑ Chi, S.; She, G.; Han, D.; Wang, W.; Liu, Z.; Liu, B. (2016). "Genus Tinospora: ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016: 1–32. doi:10.1155/2016/9232593. PMID 27648105.
Wikidata ☰ Q5663630 entry
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