Biology:Tmesipteris
Tmesipteris, the hanging fork ferns, is a genus of ferns, one of two genera in the family Psilotaceae, order Psilotales (the other being Psilotum). Tmesipteris is restricted to certain lands in the Southern Pacific, notably Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia. In New Zealand this hanging epiphyte is common in the warm temperate rain forests of both main islands, where it can normally be found as short spiky dark-green fronds (10–15 cm long), often with lighter bag-like sporangia at the bases of some of its "leaves". The plant possesses no true leaves; what appear to be leaves are flattened stems. The fronds emerge directly from the fibrous root-mats which clad the trunks of mature tree ferns such as Dicksonia and Cyathea. Tmesipteris is from the Greek language, meaning a "cut fern", referring to the truncated leaf tips.[1]
Taxonomy
The Smith et al. classification of 2006, based on molecular phylogeny, placed Tmesipteris in Psilotaceae.[2] Subsequent classifications have maintained this placement.Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag[3]
- Tmesipteris gracilis Chinnock 2003
- Tmesipteris horomaka Perrie, Brownsey & Lovis - New Zealand (Banks Peninsula)[4]
- Tmesipteris lanceolata P.A.Dang. - New Caledonia and New Zealand (presumed extinct in Queensland)[5][6]
- Tmesipteris norfolkensis P.S.Green (hanging fork-fern[5])
- Tmesipteris obliqua Chinnock (long fork-fern[5])
- Tmesipteris oblongifolia A.F.Braithw. 1986
- Tmesipteris ovata N.A.Wakef. (oval fork-fern[5])
- Tmesipteris parva N.A.Wakef. (small fork-fern[5])
- Tmesipteris sigmatifolia Chinn. - New Caledonia and New Zealand[6]
- Tmesipteris solomonensis Braithwaite 1973
- Tmesipteris tannensis (Spreng.) Bernh. - New Zealand[4]
- Tmesipteris truncata (R.Br.) Desv. - Australia (New South Wales and Queensland)
- Tmesipteris vanuatensis Braithwaite 1986
- Tmesipteris vieillardii P.A.Dang - New Caledonia[6]
- Tmesipteris zamorae Gruèzo & Amoroso, 2012 - Philippines[7]
Phylogeny
Nitta et al. 2022[8] and Fern Tree of life[9]
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References
- ↑ Les Robinson - Field Guide to the Native Plants of Sydney, ISBN 978-0-7318-1211-0 page 303
- ↑ Smith, Alan R.; Pryer, Kathleen M.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Korall, Petra; Schneider, Harald; Wolf, Paul G. (2006). "A classification for extant ferns". Taxon 55 (3): 705–731. doi:10.2307/25065646. https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/9/95/Smith_et_al_2006.pdff.
- ↑ "Tmesipteris elongata". Hebe Society. http://www.hebesoc.org/nz_plants/nz_plants_t/tmesipteris_elongata/tmesipteris_elongata.htm.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Tmesipteris Bernh. (1801)". http://nzflora.landcareresearch.co.nz/default.aspx?selected=NameDetails&TabNum=0&NavControl=display&Action=Display&NameId=497C771A-4EAA-42B6-B73A-4933E88F2D95&StateId=878200#497C771A-4EAA-42B6-B73A-4933E88F2D95.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedAPNI - ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Tmesipteris (Genre)". endemia.nc - Faune & Flore de Nouvelle-Calédonie. http://www.endemia.nc/flore/fiche1540.html.
- ↑ Gruèzo, W.Sm. 2012: Tmesipteris zamorae: a new species of Tmesipteris Bernh. (Psilotaceae) from the Philippines. Asia life sciences, 21(2): 653-670. abstract
- ↑ Nitta, Joel H.Expression error: Unrecognized word "et". (2022). "An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life". Frontiers in Plant Science 13. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.909768. PMID 36092417.
- ↑ "Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". 2024. https://fernphy.github.io/viewer.html.
- Bierhorst, D W (1977) The Systematic Position of Psilotum and Tmesipteris, Brittonia (New York Botanical Garden Press)
- Qiu, Y-L and Palmer, J (1999) Phylogeny of early land plants: insights from genes and genomes. Trends in Plant Science 4 (1), 26-30
Wikidata ☰ Q927944 entry
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