Biology:Trachealis muscle

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Trachealis muscle
Details
NerveVagus nerve and upper thoracic spinal nerves
ActionsConstricts trachea
Identifiers
LatinMusculus trachealis
Anatomical terms of muscle

The trachealis muscle is a sheet of smooth muscle in the trachea.

Structure

The trachealis muscle lies posterior to the trachea and anterior to the oesophagus.[1] It bridges the gap between the free ends of C-shaped rings of cartilage at the posterior border of the trachea, adjacent to the oesophagus.[1][2][3] This completes the ring of cartilages of the trachea.[3] The trachealis muscle also supports a thin cartilage on the inside of the trachea.[4] It is the only smooth muscle present in the trachea.[5]

Function

The primary function of the trachealis muscle is to constrict the trachea, allowing air to be expelled with more force, such as during coughing.[2]

Clinical significance

Tracheomalacia may involve hypotonia of the trachealis muscle.[6]

The trachealis muscle may become stiffer during ageing, which makes the whole trachea less elastic.[7]

In infants, the insertion of an oesophagogastroduodenoscope into the oesophagus may compress the trachealis muscle, and narrow the trachea.[8] This can result in reduced airflow to the lungs.[8] Infants may be intubated to make sure that the trachea is fixed open.[8]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lumb, Andrew B (2017-01-01), Lumb, Andrew B, ed., "Chapter 1 - Functional Anatomy of the Respiratory Tract" (in en), Nunn's Applied Respiratory Physiology (Eighth Edition) (Elsevier): pp. 3–16.e1, ISBN 978-0-7020-6294-0, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780702062940000010, retrieved 2021-01-21 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ross, Michael H.; Pawlina, Wojciech (2005), Histology a Text and Atlas (5th edition), LWW, p. 617, ISBN 0781750563, https://archive.org/details/histologytextatl0000ross_i4i2/page/617 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Leslie, Kevin O.; Wick, Mark R. (2018-01-01), Leslie, Kevin O.; Wick, Mark R., eds., "1 - Lung Anatomy" (in en), Practical Pulmonary Pathology: A Diagnostic Approach (Third Edition) (Elsevier): pp. 1–14.e2, ISBN 978-0-323-44284-8, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323442848000016, retrieved 2021-01-23 
  4. ↑ Rosado-de-Christenson, Melissa L.; Carter, Brett W., eds. (2016-01-01), "Approach to Tracheobronchial Neoplasms" (in en), Specialty Imaging: Thoracic Neoplasms, Specialty Imaging (Philadelphia: Elsevier): pp. 230–235, doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-37706-5.50069-X, ISBN 978-0-323-37706-5, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978032337706550069X, retrieved 2021-01-23 
  5. ↑ Shaffer, Thomas H.; Penn, Raymond B.; Wolfson, Marla R. (2017-01-01), Polin, Richard A.; Abman, Steven H.; Rowitch, David H. et al., eds., "66 - Upper Airway Structure: Function, Regulation, and Development" (in en), Fetal and Neonatal Physiology (Fifth Edition) (Elsevier): pp. 676–685.e2, ISBN 978-0-323-35214-7, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323352147000664, retrieved 2021-01-23 
  6. ↑ Wert, Susan E. (2017-01-01), Polin, Richard A.; Abman, Steven H.; Rowitch, David H. et al., eds., "61 - Normal and Abnormal Structural Development of the Lung" (in en), Fetal and Neonatal Physiology (Fifth Edition) (Elsevier): pp. 627–641.e3, ISBN 978-0-323-35214-7, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323352147000615, retrieved 2021-01-23 
  7. ↑ Morgenroth, Konrad; Ebsen, Michael (2008-01-01), Papadakos, PETER J.; Lachmann, BURKHARD; Visser-Isles, Laraine, eds., "CHAPTER 8 - Anatomy" (in en), Mechanical Ventilation (Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders): pp. 69–85, ISBN 978-0-7216-0186-1, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780721601861500120, retrieved 2021-01-23 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Cravero, Joseph P.; Landrigan-Ossar, Mary (2019-01-01), Coté, Charles J.; Lerman, Jerrold; Anderson, Brian J., eds., "46 - Anesthesia Outside the Operating Room" (in en), A Practice of Anesthesia for Infants and Children (Sixth Edition) (Philadelphia: Elsevier): pp. 1077–1094.e4, ISBN 978-0-323-42974-0, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978032342974000046X, retrieved 2021-01-23 



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