Biology:Trimonoecy
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Trimonoecy, also called polygamomonoecy, is when male, female, and hermaphrodite flowers are on the same plant.[1] Trimonoecy is rare.[2]
It is a monomorphic sexual system along with monoecy, gynomonoecy, and andromonoecy. It is hypothesized that trimonoecy originated from gynomonoecy.[3]
Occurrence
Trimonoecy occurs in plant families like Anacardiaceae, Apiaceae, Araliaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Fabaceae, Orchidaceae, Palmae, and more.[4] It is rare in the family Commelinaceae.[5](p309)
Trimonoecious species include:
- Cocos nucifera[6]
- Sanguisorba minor[7]
- Thymelaea hirsuta[8]
- There is evidence Phyllanthus acidus is trimonoecious.[2]
References
- ↑ "Glossary Details - The William & Lynda Steere Herbarium". http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/glossary/glossary-details/?irn=3061.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cardoso-Gustavson, Poliana; Demarco, Diego; Carmello-Guerreiro, Sandra Maria (2011-08-06). "Evidence of trimonoecy in Phyllanthaceae: Phyllanthus acidus" (in en). Plant Systematics and Evolution 296 (3): 283. doi:10.1007/s00606-011-0494-3. ISSN 1615-6110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-011-0494-3.
- ↑ Torices, Rubén; Méndez, Marcos; Gómez, José María (2011). "Where do monomorphic sexual systems fit in the evolution of dioecy? Insights from the largest family of angiosperms" (in en). New Phytologist 190 (1): 234–248. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03609.x. ISSN 1469-8137. PMID 21219336.
- ↑ Batygina, T. B. (2019-04-23) (in en). Embryology of Flowering Plants: Terminology and Concepts, Vol. 3: Reproductive Systems. CRC Press. pp. 45. ISBN 978-1-4398-4436-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=4VOWDwAAQBAJ&dq=Monoecy&pg=PA43.
- ↑ Wilson, Karen L.; Morrison, David A. (2000-05-19) (in en). Monocots: Systematics and Evolution: Systematics and Evolution. Csiro Publishing. ISBN 978-0-643-09929-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=YzQBUQqLS0YC&dq=polygamomonoecious&pg=PA310.
- ↑ Preedy, Victor R.; Watson, Ronald Ross (2011-03-31) (in en). Nuts and Seeds in Health and Disease Prevention. Academic Press. pp. 363. ISBN 978-0-12-375689-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=C6lYoH8rwywC&dq=polygamomonoecious&pg=PT399.
- ↑ Percival, M. (2013-10-22) (in en). Floral Biology. Elsevier. pp. 5. ISBN 978-1-4832-9302-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=E1fgBAAAQBAJ&dq=Trimonoecious+species&pg=PA5.
- ↑ Urbani, M. (2009-09-14). "Notes on the Distribution of Sexual Polymorphism in Some Italian Populations of Thymelaea Hirsuta (L.) Endl. (Thymelaeaceae)" (in en). Plant Biosystem 130: 460. doi:10.1080/11263509609439683. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/11263509609439683.
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