Biology:Trochophore
A trochophore (/ˈtroʊkəˌfɔːr, ˈtrɒ-, -koʊ-/;[1][2]) is a type of free-swimming planktonic marine larva with several bands of cilia.
By moving their cilia rapidly, they make a water eddy to control their movement, and to bring their food closer in order to capture it more easily.
Occurrence
Trochophores exist as a larval form within the trochozoan clade, which include the entoprocts, molluscs, annelids (including echiurans and sipunculans) and nemerteans. Together, these phyla make up part of the Lophotrochozoa; it is possible that trochophore larvae were present in the life cycle of the group's common ancestor.
Etymology
The term trochophore derives from the ancient Greek τροχός (trókhos), meaning "wheel", and φέρω (phérō) — or φορέω (phoréō) —, meaning 'to bear, to carry',[3] because the larva is bearing a wheel-shaped band of cilia.
Feeding habits
Trochophore larvae are often planktotrophic; that is, they feed on other plankton species.
Life cycle
The example of the development of the annelid Pomatoceros lamarckii (family Serpulidae) shows various trochophore stages (image: D-F):
D - early trochophore ;
E - complete trochophore ;
F - late trochophore ;
G - metatrochophore.
References
- ↑ "Trochophore". Trochophore. Oxford University Press. http://www.lexico.com/definition/Trochophore.
- ↑ "Trochophore". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/Trochophore.
- ↑ Bailly, Anatole. "Greek-french dictionary online". http://www.tabularium.be/bailly/.
- ↑ McDougall, Carmel; Chen, Wei-Chung; Shimeld, Sebastian M.; Ferrier, David E. K. (2006). "The development of the larval nervous system, musculature and ciliary bands of Pomatoceros lamarckii (Annelida): heterochrony in polychaetes.". Frontiers in Zoology 3 (1): 16. doi:10.1186/1742-9994-3-16. PMID 17032451.
- ↑ Jackson, Daniel J.; Wörheide, Gert; Degnan, Bernard M. (2007). "Dynamic expression of ancient and novel molluscan shell genes during ecological transitions". BMC Evolutionary Biology 7 (1): 160. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-160. PMID 17845714. Bibcode: 2007BMCEE...7..160J.
External links
- Nielsen, Claus (2018-07-01). "Origin of the trochophora larva" (in en). Royal Society Open Science 5 (7): 180042. doi:10.1098/rsos.180042. ISSN 2054-5703. PMID 30109065. Bibcode: 2018RSOS....580042N.
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