Biology:U7 small nuclear RNA

From HandWiki
U7 small nuclear RNA
RF00066.jpg
Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of U7
Identifiers
SymbolU7
RfamRF00066
Other data
RNA typeGene; snRNA
Domain(s)Eukaryota
SO0000274
PDB structuresPDBe

The U7 small nuclear RNA (U7 snRNA) is an RNA molecule and a component of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex (U7 snRNP). The U7 snRNA is required for histone pre-mRNA processing.

The 5' end of the U7 snRNA binds the HDE (histone downstream element), a conserved purine-rich region, located 15 nucleotides downstream the histone mRNA cleavage site.[1][2] The binding of the HDE region by the U7 snRNA, through complementary base-pairing, is an important step for the future recruitment of cleavage factors during histone pre-mRNA processing.[3]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "3' end processing of mouse histone pre-mRNA: evidence for additional base-pairing between U7 snRNA and pre-mRNA". Nucleic Acids Res 22 (20): 4023–4030. 1994. doi:10.1093/nar/22.20.4023. PMID 7937126. 
  2. ↑ "Identification of the human U7 snRNP as one of several factors involved in the 3' end maturation of histone premessenger RNA's". Science 238 (4834): 1682–1687. 1987. doi:10.1126/science.2825355. PMID 2825355. Bibcode: 1987Sci...238.1682M. 
  3. ↑ Marzluff, William F.; Wagner, Eric J.; Duronio, Robert J. (2008). "Metabolism and regulation of canonical histone mRNAs: life without a poly(A) tail". Nature Reviews Genetics 9 (11): 843–854. doi:10.1038/nrg2438. PMID 18927579. 

Further reading

External links



  1. ↑ "Ultrastructural changes in diaphragm neuromuscular junctions in a severe mouse model for Spinal Muscular Atrophy and their prevention by bifunctional U7 snRNA correcting SMN2 splicing". Neuromuscul Disord 20 (11): 744–752. 2010. doi:10.1016/j.nmd.2010.06.010. PMID 20832308. 
  2. ↑ "The 68 kDa subunit of mammalian cleavage factor I interacts with the U7 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein and participates in 3'-end processing of animal histone mRNAs". Nucleic Acids Res 38 (21): 7637–7650. 2010. doi:10.1093/nar/gkq613. PMID 20634199. 
  3. ↑ Geib T, Hertel KJ (2009). Valcarcel, Juan. ed. "Restoration of full-length SMN promoted by adenoviral vectors expressing RNA antisense oligonucleotides embedded in U7 snRNAs". PLOS ONE 4 (12): e8204. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008204. PMID 19997596. Bibcode: 2009PLoSO...4.8204G. 
  4. ↑ "The Drosophila U7 snRNP proteins Lsm10 and Lsm11 are required for histone pre-mRNA processing and play an essential role in development". RNA 15 (9): 1661–1672. 2009. doi:10.1261/rna.1518009. PMID 19620235. 
  5. ↑ "Three proteins of the U7-specific Sm ring function as the molecular ruler to determine the site of 3'-end processing in mammalian histone pre-mRNA". Mol Cell Biol 29 (15): 4045–4056. 2009. doi:10.1128/MCB.00296-09. PMID 19470752. 
  6. ↑ "Enhanced exon-skipping induced by U7 snRNA carrying a splicing silencer sequence: Promising tool for DMD therapy". Mol Ther 17 (7): 1234–1240. 2009. doi:10.1038/mt.2009.113. PMID 19455105. 
  7. ↑ "Rescue of a severe mouse model for spinal muscular atrophy by U7 snRNA-mediated splicing modulation". Hum Mol Genet 18 (3): 546–555. 2009. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddn382. PMID 19010792. 
  8. ↑ "Doxycycline-controlled splicing modulation by regulated antisense U7 snRNA expression cassettes". Gene Ther 16 (1): 70–77. 2009. doi:10.1038/gt.2008.138. PMID 18701908. 
  9. ↑ "U7 snRNAs: a computational survey". Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics 5 (3–4): 187–195. 2007. doi:10.1016/S1672-0229(08)60006-6. PMID 18267300. 
  10. ↑ "U7 snRNA acts as a transcriptional regulator interacting with an inverted CCAAT sequence-binding transcription factor NF-Y". Biochim Biophys Acta 1780 (2): 274–281. 2008. doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.11.005. PMID 18078822. 
  11. ↑ "U2 snRNP binds intronless histone pre-mRNAs to facilitate U7-snRNP-dependent 3' end formation". Mol Cell 28 (2): 240–252. 2007. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2007.09.026. PMID 17964263. 
  12. ↑ "U7 snRNA-mediated correction of aberrant splicing caused by activation of cryptic splice sites". J Hum Genet 52 (11): 891–897. 2007. doi:10.1007/s10038-007-0192-8. PMID 17851636. 
  13. ↑ "Spinal muscular atrophy: SMN2 pre-mRNA splicing corrected by a U7 snRNA derivative carrying a splicing enhancer sequence". Mol Ther 15 (8): 1479–1486. 2007. doi:10.1038/sj.mt.6300200. PMID 17505471. 
  14. ↑ "Inhibition of HIV-1 multiplication by a modified U7 snRNA inducing Tat and Rev exon skipping". J Gene Med 9 (5): 323–334. 2007. doi:10.1002/jgm.1027. PMID 17474072. 
  15. ↑ Scheuerbrandt G (2006). "Exon skipping with U7 gene transfer". Acta Myol 25 (1): 40–2. PMID 17039980. 
  16. ↑ "Binding of human SLBP on the 3'-UTR of histone precursor H4-12 mRNA induces structural rearrangements that enable U7 snRNA anchoring". Nucleic Acids Res 34 (17): 4987–4995. 2006. doi:10.1093/nar/gkl666. PMID 16982637. 
  17. ↑ "ZFP100, a component of the active U7 snRNP limiting for histone pre-mRNA processing, is required for entry into S phase". Mol Cell Biol 26 (17): 6702–6712. 2006. doi:10.1128/MCB.00391-06. PMID 16914750. 
  18. ↑ "In vivo assembly of functional U7 snRNP requires RNA backbone flexibility within the Sm-binding site". Nat Struct Mol Biol 13 (4): 347–353. 2006. doi:10.1038/nsmb1075. PMID 16547514. 
  19. ↑ "U7 snRNA mutations in Drosophila block histone pre-mRNA processing and disrupt oogenesis". RNA 12 (3): 396–409. 2006. doi:10.1261/rna.2270406. PMID 16495235. 
  20. ↑ "Correction of SMN2 Pre-mRNA splicing by antisense U7 small nuclear RNAs". Mol Ther 12 (6): 1013–1022. 2005. doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2005.08.022. PMID 16226920. 
  21. ↑ "Toward an assembly line for U7 snRNPs: interactions of U7-specific Lsm proteins with PRMT5 and SMN complexes". J Biol Chem 280 (41): 34435–34440. 2005. doi:10.1074/jbc.M505077200. PMID 16087681. 
  22. ↑ "U7 snRNP-specific Lsm11 protein: dual binding contacts with the 100 kDa zinc finger processing factor (ZFP100) and a ZFP100-independent function in histone RNA 3' end processing". Nucleic Acids Res 33 (7): 2106–2117. 2005. doi:10.1093/nar/gki516. PMID 15824063. 
  23. ↑ "Rescue of dystrophic muscle through U7 snRNA-mediated exon skipping". Science 306 (5702): 1796–1799. 2004. doi:10.1126/science.1104297. PMID 15528407. Bibcode: 2004Sci...306.1796G. 
  24. ↑ "The special Sm core structure of the U7 snRNP: far-reaching significance of a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein". Cell Mol Life Sci 61 (19–20): 2560–2570. 2004. doi:10.1007/s00018-004-4190-0. PMID 15526162. https://boris.unibe.ch/68849/8/18_2004_Article_4190.pdf. 
  25. ↑ "Inhibition of HIV-1 multiplication by antisense U7 snRNAs and siRNAs targeting cyclophilin A". Nucleic Acids Res 32 (12): 3752–3759. 2004. doi:10.1093/nar/gkh715. PMID 15254276. 
  26. ↑ "Evolutionary conservation of the U7 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein in Drosophila melanogaster". RNA 9 (12): 1532–1541. 2003. doi:10.1261/rna.5143303. PMID 14624008. 
  27. ↑ "Unique Sm core structure of U7 snRNPs: assembly by a specialized SMN complex and the role of a new component, Lsm11, in histone RNA processing". Genes Dev 17 (18): 2321–2333. 2003. doi:10.1101/gad.274403. PMID 12975319. 
  28. ↑ "Cloning and characterization of the Drosophila U7 small nuclear RNA". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100 (16): 9422–9427. 2003. doi:10.1073/pnas.1533509100. PMID 12872004. Bibcode: 2003PNAS..100.9422D. 
  29. ↑ "U7 snRNAs induce correction of mutated dystrophin pre-mRNA by exon skipping". Cell Mol Life Sci 60 (3): 557–566. 2003. doi:10.1007/s000180300047. PMID 12737315. https://boris.unibe.ch/68851/. 
  30. ↑ "A novel zinc finger protein is associated with U7 snRNP and interacts with the stem-loop binding protein in the histone pre-mRNP to stimulate 3'-end processing". Genes Dev 16 (1): 58–71. 2002. doi:10.1101/gad.932302. PMID 11782445. 
  31. ↑ "Purified U7 snRNPs lack the Sm proteins D1 and D2 but contain Lsm10, a new 14 kDa Sm D1-like protein". EMBO J 20 (19): 5470–5479. 2001. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.19.5470. PMID 11574479. 
  32. ↑ "Assembly of U7 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle and histone RNA 3' processing in Xenopus egg extracts". J Biol Chem 275 (32): 24284–24293. 2000. doi:10.1074/jbc.M003253200. PMID 10827192. 
  33. ↑ "Induction of coiled body-like structures in Xenopus oocytes by U7 snRNA". Chromosoma 108 (6): 337–344. 1999. doi:10.1007/s004120050385. PMID 10591993. 
  34. ↑ "Double-target antisense U7 snRNAs promote efficient skipping of an aberrant exon in three human beta-thalassemic mutations". Hum Mol Genet 8 (13): 2415–2423. 1999. doi:10.1093/hmg/8.13.2415. PMID 10556289. 
  35. ↑ "Coiled bodies preferentially associate with U4, U11, and U12 small nuclear RNA genes in interphase HeLa cells but not with U6 and U7 genes". Mol Biol Cell 10 (5): 1653–63. 1999. doi:10.1091/mbc.10.5.1653. PMID 10233169. 
  36. ↑ "Stem-loop binding protein facilitates 3'-end formation by stabilizing U7 snRNP binding to histone pre-mRNA". Mol Cell Biol 19 (5): 3561–70. 1999. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.5.3561. PMID 10207079. 
  37. ↑ "The U7 snRNP and the hairpin binding protein: Key players in histone mRNA metabolism". Semin Cell Dev Biol 8 (6): 567–576. 1997. doi:10.1006/scdb.1997.0182. PMID 9642171. 
  38. ↑ "Stable alteration of pre-mRNA splicing patterns by modified U7 small nuclear RNAs". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95 (9): 4929–4934. 1998. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.9.4929. PMID 9560205. Bibcode: 1998PNAS...95.4929G. 
  39. ↑ "Length suppression in histone messenger RNA 3'-end maturation: processing defects of insertion mutant premessenger RNAs can be compensated by insertions into the U7 small nuclear RNA". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93 (25): 14659–14664. 1996. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.25.14659. PMID 8962110. Bibcode: 1996PNAS...9314659S. 
  40. ↑ "The Sm binding site targets U7 snRNA to coiled bodies (spheres) of amphibian oocytes". RNA 2 (8): 811–23. 1996. PMID 8752090. 
  41. ↑ "The bona fide mouse U7 snRNA gene maps to a different chromosome than two U7 pseudogenes". Genomics 31 (2): 250–252. 1996. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0042. PMID 8824812. 
  42. ↑ "A synthetic histone pre-mRNA-U7 small nuclear RNA chimera undergoing cis cleavage in the cytoplasm of Xenopus oocytes". Nucleic Acids Res 23 (16): 3152–3160. 1995. doi:10.1093/nar/23.16.3152. PMID 7667091. 
  43. ↑ "Assembly, nuclear import and function of U7 snRNPs studied by microinjection of synthetic U7 RNA into Xenopus oocytes". Nucleic Acids Res 23 (16): 3141–3151. 1995. doi:10.1093/nar/23.16.3141. PMID 7667090. 
  44. ↑ "Coiled bodies contain U7 small nuclear RNA and associate with specific DNA sequences in interphase human cells". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92 (13): 5915–5919. 1995. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.13.5915. PMID 7597053. Bibcode: 1995PNAS...92.5915F. 
  45. ↑ "The site of 3' end formation of histone messenger RNA is a fixed distance from the downstream element recognized by the U7 snRNP". EMBO J 13 (10): 2432–40. 1994. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06528.x. PMID 8194533. 
  46. ↑ "Isolation and purification of U7 snRNP particles". Int J Biochem 26 (2): 269–272. 1994. doi:10.1016/0020-711X(94)90156-2. PMID 8174762. 
  47. ↑ "Isolation and purification of U7 and snRNP particles". Microbios 79 (321): 223–9. 1994. PMID 7837994. 
  48. ↑ "The steady state levels and structure of the U7 snRNP are constant during the human cell cycle: lack of cell cycle regulation of histone mRNA 3' end formation". Cell Mol Biol Res 40 (1): 27–34. 1994. PMID 7804324. 
  49. ↑ "Characterization of the protein moiety of U7 small nuclear RNP particles". Microbios 77 (310): 41–6. 1994. PMID 7512683. 
  50. ↑ "U7 small nuclear RNA in C snurposomes of the Xenopus germinal vesicle". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90 (13): 6257–6259. 1993. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.13.6257. PMID 8327506. Bibcode: 1993PNAS...90.6257W. 
  51. ↑ "The low abundance of U7 snRNA is partly determined by its Sm binding site". EMBO J 12 (3): 1229–38. 1993. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05764.x. PMID 8458335. 
  52. ↑ "The Xenopus U7 snRNA-encoding gene has an unusually compact structure". Gene 120 (2): 271–276. 1992. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(92)90104-W. PMID 1398140. 
  53. ↑ "The U7 small nuclear RNA genes of Xenopus borealis". Biochem Soc Trans 20 (3): 301S. 1992. doi:10.1042/bst020301s. PMID 1426580. 
  54. ↑ "A transcriptional analysis of the gene encoding mouse U7 small nuclear RNA". Gene 116 (2): 181–186. 1992. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(92)90514-P. PMID 1634116. 
  55. ↑ "Analysis of a gene cluster coding for the Xenopus laevis U7 snRNA". Biochim Biophys Acta 1131 (1): 95–8. 1992. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(92)90104-8. PMID 1374647. 
  56. ↑ "Primer extension analysis of mouse U7 small nuclear RNA gene expression". Biochem Soc Trans 20 (1): 45S. 1992. doi:10.1042/bst020045s. PMID 1633969. 
  57. ↑ "Biochemical demonstration of complex formation of histone pre-mRNA with U7 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein and hairpin binding factors". EMBO J 11 (2): 691–7. 1992. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05101.x. PMID 1531633. 
  58. ↑ "Copy number of the U7 gene in some mammalian species". Biochem Soc Trans 20 (1): 28S. 1992. doi:10.1042/bst020028s. PMID 1386043. 
  59. ↑ "Two-step affinity purification of U7 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles using complementary biotinylated 2'-O-methyl oligoribonucleotides". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88 (21): 9784–9788. 1991. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.21.9784. PMID 1835087. Bibcode: 1991PNAS...88.9784S. 
  60. ↑ "Multiple processing-defective mutations in a mammalian histone pre-mRNA are suppressed by compensatory changes in U7 RNA both in vivo and in vitro". Genes Dev 5 (9): 1709–1722. 1991. doi:10.1101/gad.5.9.1709. PMID 1885007. 
  61. ↑ "Deletions downstream of the 3' box of the mouse U7 small nuclear RNA gene dramatically affect transcription". Biochem Soc Trans 19 (3): 342S. 1991. doi:10.1042/bst019342s. PMID 1783173. 
  62. ↑ "Unusual compartmentalisation of mouse U7 small nuclear transcripts in Xenopus oocytes". Biochem Soc Trans 19 (3): 341S. 1991. doi:10.1042/bst019341s. PMID 1783172. 
  63. ↑ "The mouse U7 small nuclear RNA gene promoter functions efficiently in Xenopus oocytes". Biochem Soc Trans 19 (3): 339S. 1991. doi:10.1042/bst019339s. PMID 1783170. 
  64. ↑ "2'-O-methyl, 2'-O-ethyl oligoribonucleotides and phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotides as inhibitors of the in vitro U7 snRNP-dependent mRNA processing event". Nucleic Acids Res 19 (10): 2629–2635. 1991. doi:10.1093/nar/19.10.2629. PMID 1710340. 
  65. ↑ "Nucleotide sequence of the mouse U7 snRNA gene". Nucleic Acids Res 19 (6): 1344. 1991. doi:10.1093/nar/19.6.1344. PMID 2030952. 
  66. ↑ "Isolation of an active gene and of two pseudogenes for mouse U7 small nuclear RNA". Biochim Biophys Acta 1088 (1): 151–4. 1991. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(91)90167-K. PMID 1989694. 
  67. ↑ "U7 snRNP particles bind H4 pre-mRNA in vitro". Int J Biochem 23 (10): 1049–1052. 1991. doi:10.1016/0020-711X(91)90144-C. PMID 1838527. 
  68. ↑ "Sequence and expression of a mouse U7 snRNA type II pseudogene". DNA Seq 1 (6): 401–4. 1991. doi:10.3109/10425179109020796. PMID 1768864. 
  69. ↑ "Structures of four human pseudogenes for U7 small nuclear RNA". Gene 95 (2): 305–306. 1990. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(90)90378-5. PMID 2249787. 
  70. ↑ "Cell cycle-dependent regulation of histone precursor mRNA processing by modulation of U7 snRNA accessibility". Nature 346 (6285): 665–668. 1990. doi:10.1038/346665a0. PMID 1696685. Bibcode: 1990Natur.346..665H. 
  71. ↑ "Biochemical studies of U7 snRNPs and of histone RNA 3' processing". Mol Biol Rep 14 (2–3): 205–206. 1990. doi:10.1007/BF00360475. PMID 2141911. 
  72. ↑ "Polyadenylation and U7 snRNP-mediated cleavage: alternative modes of RNA 3' processing in two avian histone H1 genes". Genes Dev 3 (12B): 2172–2179. 1989. doi:10.1101/gad.3.12b.2172. PMID 2576416. 
  73. ↑ "Ribozyme, antisense RNA, and antisense DNA inhibition of U7 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-mediated histone pre-mRNA processing in vitro". Mol Cell Biol 9 (10): 4479–87. 1989. doi:10.1128/mcb.9.10.4479. PMID 2479828. 
  74. ↑ "Conserved terminal hairpin sequences of histone mRNA precursors are not involved in duplex formation with the U7 RNA but act as a target site for a distinct processing factor". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86 (12): 4345–4349. 1989. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.12.4345. PMID 2734288. Bibcode: 1989PNAS...86.4345V. 
  75. ↑ "In vivo and in vitro expression of U7 snRNA genes: cis- and trans-acting elements required for RNA polymerase II-directed transcription". EMBO J 8 (2): 539–49. 1989. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03408.x. PMID 2721491. 
  76. ↑ "Structural and functional characterization of mouse U7 small nuclear RNA active in 3' processing of histone pre-mRNA". Mol Cell Biol 8 (4): 1518–24. 1988. doi:10.1128/mcb.8.4.1518. PMID 3380087. 
  77. ↑ "Specific contacts between mammalian U7 snRNA and histone precursor RNA are indispensable for the in vitro 3' RNA processing reaction". EMBO J 7 (3): 801–8. 1988. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02878.x. PMID 3396543. 
  78. ↑ "Functional analysis of the sea urchin U7 small nuclear RNA". Mol Cell Biol 8 (3): 1076–84. 1988. doi:10.1128/mcb.8.3.1076. PMID 2835659. 
  79. ↑ "Genetic complementation in the Xenopus oocyte: co-expression of sea urchin histone and U7 RNAs restores 3' processing of H3 pre-mRNA in the oocyte". EMBO J 5 (7): 1675–82. 1986. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04411.x. PMID 2943587. 
  80. ↑ "Analysis of a sea urchin gene cluster coding for the small nuclear U7 RNA, a rare RNA species implicated in the 3' editing of histone precursor mRNAs". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83 (10): 3243–3247. 1986. doi:10.1073/pnas.83.10.3243. PMID 3458178. Bibcode: 1986PNAS...83.3243D. 
  81. ↑ "The cDNA sequences of the sea urchin U7 small nuclear RNA suggest specific contacts between histone mRNA precursor and U7 RNA during RNA processing". EMBO J 3 (12): 2801–7. 1984. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb02212.x. PMID 6084590. 
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