Biology:Ulmus americana 'Independence'
| Ulmus americana 'Independence' | |
|---|---|
| Species | Ulmus americana |
| Cultivar | 'Independence' |
| Origin | University of Wisconsin–Madison, US |
The American Elm cultivar Ulmus americana 'Independence' was raised by Eugene B. Smalley and Donald T. Lester at the University of Wisconsin–Madison from a crossing of the American Elm cultivar Moline and American Elm clone W-185-21, to become one of the six clones forming the American Liberty series, and the only one to be patented (U. S. Plant Patent 6227, 1988).[1]
Description
Almost identical to the species.
Pests and diseases
No specific information available, but the species as a whole is highly susceptible to Dutch Elm Disease and Elm Yellows; it is also moderately preferred for feeding and reproduction by the adult Elm Leaf Beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola,[2] and highly preferred for feeding by the Japanese Beetle Popillia japonica [3][4] in the United States. U. americana is also the most susceptible of all the elms to verticillium wilt.[5][6]
Cultivation
The tree is not known to be in cultivation beyond North America.
Accessions
North America
- U S National Arboretum [1][no|permanent dead link|dead link}}], Washington, D.C., United States. Acc. no. 62001
References
- ↑ Santamour, Frank S.; Bentz, Susan E. (May 1995). "Updated Checklist of Elm (Ulmus) Cultivars for use in North America". Journal of Arboriculture 21 (3): 122–131. http://joa.isa-arbor.com/request.asp?JournalID=1&ArticleID=2673&Type=2. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
- ↑ Miller, Fredric; Ware, George (2001-02-01). "Resistance of Temperate Chinese Elms (Ulmus spp.) to Feeding by the Adult Elm Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)". Journal of Economic Entomology (Oxford University Press (OUP)) 94 (1): 162–166. doi:10.1603/0022-0493-94.1.162. ISSN 0022-0493. PMID 11233108.
- ↑ Miller, Fredric; Ware, George; Jackson, Jennifer (2001-04-01). "Preference of Temperate Chinese Elms ( Ulmus spp.) for the Adult Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)". Journal of Economic Entomology (Oxford University Press (OUP)) 94 (2): 445–448. doi:10.1603/0022-0493-94.2.445. ISSN 0022-0493. PMID 11332837.
- ↑ "Elm Leaf Beetle Survey". http://www.sunshinenursery.com/survey.htm.
- ↑ Pegg, G. F. & Brady, B. L. (2002). Verticillium Wilts. CABI Publishing. ISBN:0-85199-529-2
- ↑ "Elm Leaf Beetle Survey". http://www.sunshinenursery.com/survey.htm.
External links
- http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/SUL4.pdf Summary, inc. photographs, of elms resistant to Dutch elm disease.
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