Biology:Ustilago
Ustilago is a genus of approximately 200 smut fungi, which are parasitic on grasses.[1] 170 species are accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2020;[2] After phylogenetic research certain species in Ustilago, Macalpinomyces, and other genera in the Ustilaginaceae clade have been moved to other genera such as Mycosarcoma.[3]
Uses
Ustilago maydis is eaten as a traditional Mexican food in many parts of the country, and is even available canned. Farmers have even been known to spread the spores around on purpose to create more of the fungus. It is known in central Mexico by the Nahuatl name huitlacoche. Peasants in other parts of the country call it "hongo de maíz," i.e. "maize fungus."[4]
The genome of U. maydis has been sequenced in 2006.[5]
Hosts
Some selected species and hosts;
- Ustilago avenae (Pers.) Rostr. - loose smut of oats
- U. brizae - on Briza media[6]
- U. bullata - brome smut
- U. cynodontis - Bermuda grass smut
- U. esculenta P. Henn. - Zizania smut
- U. hordei (Pers.) Lagerh. 1889 - covered smut (barley)
- U. maydis (DC.) Corda - corn smut
- U. nuda (C.N. Jensen) Kellerm. & Swingle - loose smut of barley
- U. residua - on Danthonia californica
- U. serpens
- U. trichophora - on Echinochloa crus-galli and other Echinochloa species
- U. tritici C. Bauhin - loose smut of wheat
See also
References
- ↑ Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford: CABI. 2008. p. 718. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8. https://archive.org/details/dictionaryfungit00kirk.
- ↑ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8.
- ↑ McTaggart, Alistair R.; Shivas, Roger G.; Boekhout, Teun; Oberwinkler, Franz; Vánky, Kálmán; Pennycook, Shaun R.; Begerow, Dominik (December 2016). "Mycosarcoma (Ustilaginaceae), a resurrected generic name for corn smut (Ustilago maydis) and its close relatives with hypertrophied, tubular sori" (in en). IMA Fungus 7 (2): 309–315. doi:10.5598/imafungus.2016.07.02.10. ISSN 2210-6359. PMID 27990337.
- ↑ Laferrière, Joseph E. 1991. Mountain Pima ethnomycology. Journal of Ethnobiology 11(1):159-160.
- ↑ "Insights from the genome of the biotrophic fungal plant pathogen Ustilago maydis". Nature 444 (7115): 97–101. 2006. doi:10.1038/nature05248. PMID 17080091. Bibcode: 2006Natur.444...97K. http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/ustilago_maydis/Home.html.
- ↑ bjoerns (19 June 2023). "Ustilago brizae" (in en). https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/168309868.
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q2361375 entry
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