Biology:Viola utchinensis
| Viola utchinensis | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Violaceae |
| Genus: | Viola |
| Species: | V. utchinensis
|
| Binomial name | |
| Viola utchinensis Koidz.[2]
| |
Viola utchinensis (オキナワスミレ Okinawa sumire) is a species of flowering plant in the family Violaceae.
Taxonomy
The species was first described by Japanese botanist Gen-ichi Koidzumi in 1938.[2] The specific epithet relates to the type locality (Manzamo in the village of Onna) on Okinawa Island (Uchinā in Okinawan).[2]
Description
Viola utchinensis is an evergreen with ovate leaves and pale purple to purplish-white flowers.[3][4] Flowers bloom from February to April.[5]
Distribution and habitat
Viola utchinensis is endemic to Okinawa Island in the Ryūkyū Islands of Japan .[2][6]
This species can be found in crevices of raised coral reef and coastal cliffs. It grows in elevated habitat in full sun.[5]
Conservation status and threats
Viola utchinensis is classed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List and Endangered on the Ministry of the Environment Red List and has been designated a National Endangered Species under the 1992 Act on Conservation of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.[1][7][8] In 2015 the population was estimated to be between 100 - 200 mature individuals.[5]
V. utchinensis is threatened primarily by the illegal collection of specimens for cultivation. This is believed to be the biggest threat for the species.[5] The species is attractive therefore is dug up to be used as rare ornamental plant.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ministry of the Environment, Japan (2016). "Viola utchinensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T54081377A54081585. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T54081377A54081585.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/54081377/54081585. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Koidzumi, G. (1938). "Contributiones ad Cognitioem Florae Asiae Orientalis" (in la). Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 7 (2): 112–117 [113]. doi:10.18942/bunruichiri.KJ00002594478. ISSN 0001-6799.
- ↑ Okinawa Prefecture, ed (5 December 2018). "Error: no
|title=specified when using {{Cite web}}". Okinawa Prefecture. p. 217. https://www.pref.okinawa.jp/site/kankyo/shizen/hogo/documents/ikansokusyokubutsu.pdf. - ↑ Ministry of the Environment, ed (2015) (in ja). Gyōsei Corporation. p. 257. ISBN 978-4-324-09902-5.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "Okinawa sumire Viola utchinensis". 2015-10-06. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/54081377/54081585.
- ↑ Katō, M.; Ebihara, A. (March 2011) (in ja). Tokai University Press. pp. 93, 244, 331. ISBN 978-4-486-01897-1.
- ↑ "Error: no
|title=specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ja). Ministry of the Environment. 27 March 2020. https://ikilog.biodic.go.jp/rdbdata/files/redlist2020/redlist2020_ikansoku.csv. - ↑ "Error: no
|title=specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ja). Ministry of the Environment. 24 January 2022. https://www.env.go.jp/nature/kisho/domestic/list.html.
Wikidata ☰ Q17564986 entry
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