Chemistry:Albicidin
Albicidin is an antibiotic and phytotoxic molecule produced by the bacterium Xanthomonas albilineans which infects sugarcane causing leaf scald.[1]
As a phytotoxin, it acts by inhibiting the differentiation of chloroplasts.[2] It accomplishes this by inhibiting DNA gyrase, and thereby preventing the replication of chloroplast DNA.[3] As such it plays a major role in leaf scald disease.
As a DNA gyrase inhibitor, albicindin also has potential therapeutic use as an antibiotic.[4] Its antibiotic properties were discovered in the early 1980s, when the molecule was isolated and purified from cultures of Xanthomonas albilineans.[5] However, the precise structure of the molecule was only identified in 2015.[6] A laboratory synthesis of albicidin has been developed,[1] and research is currently focused on the design and evaluation of synthetic derivatives of albicidin with improved drug-like properties.[7][8][9][10]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kretz, Julian; Kerwat, Dennis; Schubert, Vivien; Grätz, Stefan; Pesic, Alexander; Semsary, Siamak; Cociancich, Stéphane; Royer, Monique et al. (2015). "Total Synthesis of Albicidin: A Lead Structure from Xanthomonas albilineansfor Potent Antibacterial Gyrase Inhibitors". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 54 (6): 1969–1973. doi:10.1002/anie.201409584. PMID 25504839. Bibcode: 2015ACIE...54.1969K.
- ↑ Pieretti, Isabelle; Pesic, Alexander; Petras, Daniel; Royer, Monique; Süssmuth, Roderich D.; Cociancich, Stéphane (2015). "What makes Xanthomonas albilineans unique amongst xanthomonads?". Frontiers in Plant Science 6: 289. doi:10.3389/fpls.2015.00289. PMID 25964795. Bibcode: 2015FrPS....6..289P.
- ↑ Hashimi, Saeed M.; Wall, Melisa K.; Smith, Andrew B.; Maxwell, Anthony; Birch, Robert G. (2007). "The Phytotoxin Albicidin is a Novel Inhibitor of DNA Gyrase". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51 (1): 181–187. doi:10.1128/AAC.00918-06. PMID 17074789.
- ↑ Hashimi, Saeed Mujahid (2019). "Albicidin, a potent DNA gyrase inhibitor with clinical potential". The Journal of Antibiotics 72 (11): 785–792. doi:10.1038/s41429-019-0228-2. PMID 31451755.
- ↑ Birch, R. G.; Patil, S. S. (1985). "Preliminary Characterization of an Antibiotic Produced by Xanthomonas albilineans Which Inhibits DNA Synthesis in Escherichia coli". Microbiology 131 (5): 1069–1075. doi:10.1099/00221287-131-5-1069. PMID 2410547.
- ↑ Cociancich, Stéphane; Pesic, Alexander; Petras, Daniel; Uhlmann, Stefanie; Kretz, Julian; Schubert, Vivien; Vieweg, Laura; Duplan, Sandrine et al. (2015). "The gyrase inhibitor albicidin consists of p-aminobenzoic acids and cyanoalanine". Nature Chemical Biology 11 (3): 195–197. doi:10.1038/nchembio.1734. PMID 25599532.
- ↑ Kerwat, Dennis; Grätz, Stefan; Kretz, Julian; Seidel, Maria; Kunert, Maria; Weston, John B.; Süssmuth, Roderich D. (2016). "Synthesis of Albicidin Derivatives: Assessing the Role of N-terminal Acylation on the Antibacterial Activity". ChemMedChem 11 (17): 1899–1903. doi:10.1002/cmdc.201600231. PMID 27439374.
- ↑ Grätz, Stefan; Kerwat, Dennis; Kretz, Julian; Von Eckardstein, Leonard; Semsary, Siamak; Seidel, Maria; Kunert, Maria; Weston, John B. et al. (2016). "Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Albicidin Derivatives with Variations of the Central Cyanoalanine Building Block". ChemMedChem 11 (14): 1499–1502. doi:10.1002/cmdc.201600163. PMID 27245621.
- ↑ Kulike-Koczula, Marcel; Hommernick, Kay; Ghimire, Leela B.; Kosol, Simone; Zborovsky, Lieby; Seidel, Maria; Sattler, Nicole; Mainz, Andi et al. (2025). "Synthesis of Derivatives of the Antibiotic Albicidin: The N-Terminal Fragment as Key to Control Potency and Resistance Mediated by the Binding Protein AlbA". Chemistry – A European Journal 31 (21). doi:10.1002/chem.202500162. PMID 40024889. Bibcode: 2025ChEuJ..31E0162K.
- ↑ "Sweet salvation -- how a sugar cane pathogen is gearing up a new era of antibiotic discovery". Science Daily. January 23, 2023. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/01/230123123253.htm.
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