Chemistry:Blowing a raspberry

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Short description: Act of making a noise like flatulence
"Bronx cheer" and "Razzberry" redirect here. For the Law & Order episode, see Bronx Cheer (Law & Order). For the fruit, see Raspberry. For "blue raspberry", see Blue raspberry.

File:Blowing a raspberry.ogv Template:Infobox IPA Template:Infobox IPA

A raspberry or razz, also known as a Bronx cheer, is a mouth noise similar to a fart that is used to signify derision. It is also used as a voice exercise for singers and actors, where it may be called a raspberry trill or tongue trill.[1] It is made by placing the tongue between the lips and blowing, so that it trills against the lower lip, and as a catcall in public arenas is sometimes made into the palm or back of the hand to amplify the volume. In Russia it is commonly accompanied by rolling the eyes.[2]

Blowing a raspberry is common to many countries around the world, including European and European-settled countries and Iran. In Anglophone countries, it is associated with catcalling opposing sports teams, and with children. It is not used in any human language as a building block of words, apart from jocular exceptions such as the name of the comic-book character Joe Btfsplk. However, the vaguely similar bilabial trill (essentially blowing a raspberry with one's lips) is a regular consonant sound in a few dozen languages scattered around the world.

Spike Jones and His City Slickers used a "birdaphone" to create this sound on their recording of "Der Fuehrer's Face", repeatedly lambasting Adolf Hitler with: "We'll Heil! [ Bronx cheer ] Heil! [ Bronx cheer ] Right in Der Fuehrer's Face!"[3][4]

In the terminology of phonetics, the raspberry has been described as a (pulmonic) labiolingual trill,[5] transcribed [r̼] or [r̼̊] (depending on voicing) in the International Phonetic Alphabet;[lower-alpha 1] and as a buccal interdental trill, transcribed [ↀ͡r̪͆] in the Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet (the Template:Abbr-link suggests that [ↀ] may also be used alone as an abbreviation if a speaker frequently uses the sound).[6] The Template:Langr song "Template:Langr" (the actual title is a glyph) on the 1999 album Hasenchartbreaker (de) uses a voiced linguolabial trill to replace "br" in a number of German words (e.g. [ˈr̼aːtkaʁtɔfl̩n] for Bratkartoffeln).

Name

The nomenclature varies by country. In most Anglophone countries, it is known as a raspberry, which is attested from at least 1890,[7] and which in the United States had been shortened to razz by 1919.[8] The term originates in rhyming slang, where "raspberry tart" means "fart".[9] In the United States it has also been called a Bronx cheer since at least the early 1920s.[10][11]

In Italian it is known by the Neapolitan word pernacchia; in Spanish as pedorreta or Template:Langr.

There is no particular word for it in Russian.[2] There is also no direct equivalent in Korean.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ By analogy of the bridge above diacritic ⟨◌͆⟩ used for dentolabials in extIPA, labiolinguals (with the tongue against the lower lip) may be transcribed ad hoc with the seagull above diacritic ⟨◌᫥⟩, to distinguish them from linguolabials (with the tongue against the upper lip). The labiolingual trills can therefore be transcribed as [r᫥] and [r̥᫥].

References

  1. ↑ [1]
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Samokhina I. A. Combined techniques of transmitting cultural and historical realities in a fiction text // Foreign languages: linguistic and methodological aspects. Tver State University, 2014. No. 25. P271-273.
  3. ↑ Hinkley, David (March 3, 2004). "Scorn and disdain: Spike Jones giffs Hitler der old birdaphone, 1942". New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/2004/03/03/2004-03-03_scorn_and_disdain_spike_jone.html. 
  4. ↑ Gilliland, John (April 14, 1972). Pop Chronicles 1940s Program #5. UNT Digital Library. University of North Texas. Template:ARK.
  5. ↑ Odden, David (2005). Introducing Phonology (1st ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-10970-6. 
  6. ↑ Ball, Martin J.; Howard, Sara J.; Miller, Kirk (2018). Arvaniti, Amalia. ed. "Revisions to the extIPA chart". Journal of the International Phonetic Association (Cambridge University Press) 48 (2): 155–164. doi:10.1017/S0025100317000147. ISSN 0025-1003. OCLC 474783413. 
  7. ↑ raspberry (3rd ed.), Oxford University Press, September 2005, http://oed.com/search?searchType=dictionary&q=raspberry  (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  8. ↑ razz (3rd ed.), Oxford University Press, September 2005, http://oed.com/search?searchType=dictionary&q=razz  (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  9. ↑ Holder, Robert W. Dictionary of Euphemisms. Oxford University Press. p. 318. ISBN 978-0-19-923517-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=_tSNa4kBx2IC&pg=PA318. 
  10. ↑ Runyon, Damon (19 Oct 1921). "All Chicago backs up its footballers". San Francisco Examiner. Universal Syndicate: p. 19. https://www.newspapers.com/image/457777070. "....the East will grin and give Western football the jolly old Bronx cheer." 
  11. ↑ Farrell, Henry L. (30 Nov 1922). "Wills looks like boob in Johnson bout". San Antonio Evening News. United Press: p. 8. https://www.newspapers.com/image/39276030. "While the crowd was giving vent to the 'Bronx cheer' and hurling garlands of raspberries from the gallery...." 

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