Chemistry:Blowing a raspberry

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Short description: Act of making a noise like flatulence
"Bronx cheer" and "Razzberry" redirect here. For the Law & Order episode, see Bronx Cheer (Law & Order). For the fruit, see Raspberry. For "blue raspberry", see Blue raspberry.
video
A man blowing a raspberry

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A raspberry, or razz, also known as a Bronx cheer, is a mouth noise similar to a fart that is used to signify derision. It is also used as a voice exercise for singers and actors, where it may be called a raspberry trill or tongue trill. It is made by placing the tongue between the lips and blowing, so that the tongue trills against the lower lip.

Name

The nomenclature varies by country. In most Anglophone countries, it is known as a raspberry, which is attested from at least 1890,[1] and which in the United States had been shortened to razz by 1919.[2] The term originates in rhyming slang, where "raspberry tart" means "fart".[3] In the United States it has also been called a Bronx cheer since at least the early 1920s.[4][5]

In Italian it is known by the Neapolitan word pernacchia; in Spanish as pedorreta or

  1. REDIRECT Template:Lang unset italics

.

Production

The sound is made by placing the tongue between the lips and blowing, so that the tongue trills against the lower lip. When it is used as a catcall in public arenas, the sound is sometimes blown into the palm or back of the hand to amplify its volume. In Russia it is commonly accompanied by rolling the eyes.[6]

In the terminology of phonetics, the raspberry has been described as a (pulmonic) labiolingual trill,[7] transcribed [r̼] or [r̼̊] (depending on voicing) in the Template:Abbr-link;[lower-alpha 1] and as a buccal interdental trill, transcribed [ↀ͡r̪͆] in the Template:Abbr-link (the Template:Abbr-link suggests that [ↀ] may also be used alone as an abbreviation if a speaker frequently uses the sound).[8]

Usage

Blowing a raspberry is common to many countries around the world, including European and European-settled countries and Iran. In Anglophone countries, it is associated with catcalling opposing sports teams, and with children. It is not used in any human language as a building block of words, apart from jocular exceptions. However, the vaguely similar voiced bilabial trill [ʙ] and its voiceless counterpart [ʙ̥] (essentially blowing a raspberry with only one's lips, i.e. without usage of the tongue) is a regular consonant sound in a few dozen languages scattered around the world.

The last name of the comic-book character Joe Btfsplk is a representation of this sound.

Spike Jones and His City Slickers used a "birdaphone" to create this sound on their recording of "Der Fuehrer's Face", repeatedly lambasting Adolf Hitler with: "We'll Heil! [ Bronx cheer ] Heil! [ Bronx cheer ] Right in Der Fuehrer's Face!"[9][10]

The

  1. REDIRECT Template:Lang unset italics

 song "

  1. REDIRECT Template:Lang unset italics

" (the actual title is a glyph) on the 1999 album Hasenchartbreaker (de) uses a voiced linguolabial trill to replace ⟨br⟩ in a number of German words (e.g. [ˈr̼aːtkaʁtɔfl̩n] for Bratkartoffeln).

The sound is also used in the title track of the Monty Python's Flying Circus rendition of The Liberty Bell March.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ By analogy of the bridge above diacritic ⟨◌͆⟩ used for dentolabials in extIPA, labiolinguals (with the tongue against the lower lip) may be transcribed ad hoc with the seagull above diacritic ⟨◌᫥⟩, to distinguish them from linguolabials (with the tongue against the upper lip). The labiolingual trills can therefore be transcribed as [r᫥] and [r̥᫥].

References

  1. ↑ raspberry (3rd ed.), Oxford University Press, September 2005, http://oed.com/search?searchType=dictionary&q=raspberry  (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  2. ↑ razz (3rd ed.), Oxford University Press, September 2005, http://oed.com/search?searchType=dictionary&q=razz  (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  3. ↑ Holder, Robert W (25 September 2008). Dictionary of Euphemisms. Oxford University Press. p. 318. ISBN 978-0-19-923517-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=_tSNa4kBx2IC&pg=PA318. 
  4. ↑ Runyon, Damon (19 Oct 1921). "All Chicago backs up its footballers". San Francisco Examiner. Universal Syndicate: p. 19. https://www.newspapers.com/image/457777070. "....the East will grin and give Western football the jolly old Bronx cheer." 
  5. ↑ Farrell, Henry L. (30 Nov 1922). "Wills looks like boob in Johnson bout". San Antonio Evening News. United Press: p. 8. https://www.newspapers.com/image/39276030. "While the crowd was giving vent to the 'Bronx cheer' and hurling garlands of raspberries from the gallery...." 
  6. ↑ Samokhina I. A. Combined techniques of transmitting cultural and historical realities in a fiction text // Foreign languages: linguistic and methodological aspects. Tver State University, 2014. No. 25. P271-273.
  7. ↑ Odden, David (2005). Introducing Phonology (1st ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 130. ISBN 978-0-511-10970-6. 
  8. ↑ Ball, Martin J.; Howard, Sara J.; Miller, Kirk (2018). Arvaniti, Amalia. ed. "Revisions to the extIPA chart". Journal of the International Phonetic Association (Cambridge University Press) 48 (2): 155–164. doi:10.1017/S0025100317000147. ISSN 0025-1003. OCLC 474783413. 
  9. ↑ Hinkley, David (March 3, 2004). "Scorn and disdain: Spike Jones giffs Hitler der old birdaphone, 1942". New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/2004/03/03/2004-03-03_scorn_and_disdain_spike_jone.html. 
  10. ↑ Gilliland, John (April 14, 1972). Pop Chronicles 1940s Program #5. UNT Digital Library. University of North Texas. Template:ARK.

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