Chemistry:List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions

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Short description: List of countries by CO2 emissions
Global map of Carbon dioxide (CO
2) emissions from fossil fuels and industry. Land use change is not included.[1]
Annual CO
2 emissions by region. This measures fossil fuel and industry emissions. Land use change is not included.[2]
The US, China and Russia have cumulatively contributed the greatest amounts of CO
2 since 1850.[3]

This is a list of sovereign states and territories by carbon dioxide emissions[n 1] due to certain forms of human activity, based on the EDGAR database created by European Commission and Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. The following table lists the 1970, 1990, 2005, 2017 and 2022 annual CO
2 emissions estimates (in kilotons of CO
2 per year) along with a list of calculated emissions per capita (in tons of CO
2 per year).[4]

The data only consider carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels and cement manufacture, but not emissions from land use, land-use change and forestry.[n 2] Over the last 150 years, estimated cumulative emissions from land use and land-use change represent approximately one-third of total cumulative anthropogenic CO2 emissions.[7] Emissions from international shipping or bunker fuels are also not included in national figures,[8] which can make a large difference for small countries with important ports.

In 2022, CO
2 emissions from the top 10 countries with the highest emissions accounted for almost two thirds of the global total. Since 2006, China has been emitting more CO
2 than any other country.[9][10][11] However, the main disadvantage of measuring total national emissions is that it does not take population size into account. China has the largest CO
2 emissions in the world, but also the largest population. Some argue that for a fair comparison, emissions should be analyzed in terms of the amount of CO
2 per capita.[12] Their main argument is illustrated by CO2 per capita emissions in 2022, China's levels (8.85) are almost half those of the United States (14.44) and less than a sixth of those of Palau (59.00 - the country with the highest emissions of CO
2 per capita).[13][4]

Measures of territorial-based emissions, also known as production-based emissions, do not account for emissions embedded in global trade, where emissions may be imported or exported in the form of traded goods, as it only reports emissions emitted within geographical boundaries. Accordingly, a proportion of the CO
2 produced and reported in Asia and Africa is for the production of goods consumed in Europe and North America.[14]

Greenhouse gases (GHG) – primarily carbon dioxide but also others, including methane and chlorofluorocarbons – trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to global warming. Higher temperatures then act on the climate, with varying effects. For example, dry regions might become drier while, at the poles, the ice caps are melting, causing higher sea levels. In 2016, the global average temperature was already 1.1°C above pre-industrial levels.[15]

According to the review of the scientific literature conducted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), carbon dioxide is the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas by warming contribution.[16] The other major anthropogenic greenhouse gases[n 3][17]:147[18]) are not included in the following list, nor are humans emissions of water vapor (H
2O), the most important greenhouse gases, as they are negligible compared to naturally occurring quantities.[19] Space-based measurements of carbon dioxide should allow independent monitoring in the mid-2020s.[20]

Per capita CO
2 emissions

Fossil CO
2 emissions by country/region

The data in the following table is extracted from EDGAR - Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research.[4]

Template:Sticky headerTemplate:Table alignment

Country/territory Fossil CO
2 emissions
(ktCO
2/year) 		Per capita
(tCO
2/year) 		% of world Change
(1990=100%)
1970 1990 2005 2017 2022 2022 2022 2022
 World 15,825,424 22,516,769 29,924,589 36,890,295 38,521,998 4.84 100% 171.1% Negative increase
 EU27 3,488,583 3,793,290 3,672,609 3,113,155 2,804,806 6.32 7.281% 73.9% Positive decrease
International Aviation 168,603 258,270 417,746 583,315 420,366 1.091% 162.8% Negative increase
International Shipping 353,846 370,696 571,139 705,980 709,706 1.842% 191.5% Negative increase
 Aruba 25.2 189.3 358.2 426.8 455.1 4.25 0.001% 240.4% Negative increase
 Afghanistan 1,734.1 2,896.5 1,333.8 8,546.9 5,675.8 0.14 0.015% 196.0% Negative increase
 Angola 8,948.2 11,288.8 15,964.1 26,137.4 20,185.7 0.58 0.052% 178.8% Negative increase
 Anguilla 2.2 6.1 13.7 29.1 22.8 1.52 0.000% 372.5% Negative increase
 Albania 4,848.8 6,647.4 4,149.4 5,349.3 4,486.2 1.52 0.012% 67.5% Positive decrease
 Netherlands Antilles 14,515.8 2,666.4 5,910.4 4,005.9 2,046.8 12.41 0.005% 76.8% Positive decrease
 United Arab Emirates 19,429.2 56,825.6 122,379.8 205,196.1 218,799.3 21.75 0.568% 385.0% Negative increase
 Argentina 87,006.9 99,531.6 152,773.7 188,432.6 184,037.2 3.97 0.478% 184.9% Negative increase
 Armenia 12,673.6 20,604.7 4,462.5 5,380.8 6,326.5 2.15 0.016% 30.7% Positive decrease
 Antigua and Barbuda 102.4 154.3 160.2 253.4 277.7 2.59 0.001% 180.0% Negative increase
 Australia 160,382.0 277,201.6 383,817.6 415,458.4 393,162.5 15.12 1.021% 141.8% Negative increase
 Austria 52,664.0 61,582.5 79,903.2 69,954.1 61,174.5 6.94 0.159% 99.3% Positive decrease
 Azerbaijan 36,257.2 54,412.8 30,339.2 32,673.7 37,129.6 3.62 0.096% 68.2% Positive decrease
 Burundi 58.3 204.2 184.8 519.4 924.2 0.07 0.002% 452.6% Negative increase
 Belgium 139,251.7 115,808.6 119,088.6 99,402.3 90,414.9 7.72 0.235% 78.1% Positive decrease
 Benin 311.4 397.6 2,800.9 7,240.0 9,619.5 0.75 0.025% 2,419.5% Negative increase
 Burkina Faso 226.2 332.4 1,143.7 4,327.5 5,820.5 0.26 0.015% 1,751.3% Negative increase
 Bangladesh 3,338.8 14,310.6 39,772.4 100,195.5 109,075.3 0.63 0.283% 762.2% Negative increase
 Bulgaria 68,948.4 79,751.3 52,346.2 49,226.3 50,103.3 7.32 0.130% 62.8% Positive decrease
 Bahrain 2,958.5 11,977.6 23,350.6 33,734.9 37,955.1 21.31 0.099% 316.9% Negative increase
 Bahamas 1,441.3 1,024.2 800.9 1,256.7 1,446.2 3.49 0.004% 141.2% Negative increase
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 11,563.6 24,573.1 16,834.0 23,966.5 21,826.7 6.26 0.057% 88.8% Positive decrease
 Belarus 54,982.0 105,045.2 59,600.9 60,113.4 57,411.4 6.12 0.149% 54.7% Positive decrease
 Belize 59.9 119.3 139.5 258.9 269.4 0.65 0.001% 225.8% Negative increase
 Bermuda 138.9 238.1 173.1 260.9 317.5 5.29 0.001% 133.3% Negative increase
 Bolivia 3,018.4 6,572.9 9,878.3 21,648.0 21,959.5 1.85 0.057% 334.1% Negative increase
 Brazil 104,664.4 219,750.7 365,166.0 492,735.3 466,770.4 2.15 1.212% 212.4% Negative increase
 Barbados 254.9 558.4 612.8 601.0 674.2 2.34 0.002% 120.7% Negative increase
 Brunei 2,038.8 3,336.6 5,165.9 7,433.5 9,375.7 20.65 0.024% 281.0% Negative increase
 Bhutan 35.1 180.7 556.3 1,588.0 1,712.4 2.01 0.004% 947.4% Negative increase
 Botswana 153.4 2,822.6 4,390.3 7,439.7 8,213.7 3.29 0.021% 291.0% Negative increase
 Central African Republic 75.7 162.1 254.2 249.7 276.1 0.05 0.001% 170.4% Negative increase
 Canada 356,147.4 440,412.5 576,473.2 595,061.2 582,072.9 15.22 1.511% 132.2% Negative increase
  Switzerland 41,435.9 44,773.8 47,040.0 39,792.1 36,105.2 4.11 0.094% 80.6% Positive decrease
 Chile 27,881.4 33,021.1 58,906.8 89,430.9 92,858.7 4.96 0.241% 281.2% Negative increase
 China 910,077.7 2,406,179.5 6,258,412.6 11,026,110.2 12,667,428.4 8.85 32.884% 526.5% Negative increase
 Ivory Coast 2,615.8 2,972.3 6,400.8 12,335.1 14,491.9 0.53 0.038% 487.6% Negative increase
 Cameroon 871.1 4,771.3 5,480.3 9,751.7 10,080.2 0.37 0.026% 211.3% Negative increase
 Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,926.5 3,367.0 2,480.2 3,127.4 3,551.8 0.04 0.009% 105.5% Negative increase
 Republic of the Congo 1,803.3 2,398.8 4,352.0 5,555.0 7,435.8 1.24 0.019% 310.0% Negative increase
 Cook Islands 18.8 40.2 86.2 117.4 107.8 6.34 0.000% 268.3% Negative increase
 Colombia 28,567.2 53,037.3 60,726.4 77,797.4 88,469.8 1.74 0.230% 166.8% Negative increase
 Comoros 21.9 40.0 136.6 246.2 342.9 0.38 0.001% 856.7% Negative increase
 Cape Verde 150.0 54.8 611.2 838.7 1,015.0 1.74 0.003% 1,853.3% Negative increase
 Costa Rica 1,433.4 2,914.8 6,352.8 8,377.1 8,608.4 1.68 0.022% 295.3% Negative increase
 Cuba 21,847.8 38,616.9 26,224.2 26,483.4 24,770.8 2.15 0.064% 64.1% Positive decrease
 Cayman Islands 25.5 108.4 136.3 256.5 307.2 4.73 0.001% 283.3% Negative increase
 Cyprus 2,167.5 4,638.5 7,905.2 7,361.9 7,460.3 6.10 0.019% 160.8% Negative increase
 Czech Republic 186,755.0 164,666.8 128,542.0 109,866.4 101,544.7 9.55 0.264% 61.7% Positive decrease
 Germany 1,074,753.0 1,008,138.1 835,260.0 769,106.8 673,595.3 8.16 1.749% 66.8% Positive decrease
 Djibouti 711.6 992.5 759.0 642.6 761.1 0.74 0.002% 76.7% Positive decrease
 Dominica 7.6 20.1 57.7 63.4 68.8 0.92 0.000% 341.9% Negative increase
 Denmark 61,931.9 52,431.6 50,709.9 33,582.0 29,158.8 4.99 0.076% 55.6% Positive decrease
 Dominican Republic 3,883.8 8,049.2 18,786.2 23,736.2 23,457.0 2.07 0.061% 291.4% Negative increase
 Algeria 19,022.2 67,921.6 98,171.7 161,370.2 177,079.4 3.97 0.460% 260.7% Negative increase
 Ecuador 5,018.6 17,523.7 28,179.8 39,706.4 46,106.9 2.59 0.120% 263.1% Negative increase
 Egypt 25,436.2 91,447.9 178,335.2 268,634.2 265,961.3 2.50 0.690% 290.8% Negative increase
 Eritrea 341.7 329.2 604.2 598.1 804.7 0.14 0.002% 244.4% Negative increase
Template:ESH 86.8 149.7 259.6 214.8 241.5 0.39 0.001% 161.3% Negative increase
 Spain 144,547.0 231,558.1 369,915.8 281,053.5 254,363.4 5.48 0.660% 109.8% Negative increase
 Estonia 16,197.5 37,944.9 19,405.4 21,223.9 10,847.9 8.39 0.028% 28.6% Positive decrease
 Ethiopia 1,167.1 2,186.1 5,471.4 16,607.3 21,106.9 0.18 0.055% 965.5% Negative increase
 Finland 41,239.9 56,211.7 57,781.8 45,571.1 37,324.7 6.64 0.097% 66.4% Positive decrease
 Fiji 712.7 995.0 1,834.4 1,785.7 1,692.9 1.81 0.004% 170.1% Negative increase
 Falkland Islands 2.9 5.4 10.4 15.6 21.8 7.26 0.000% 406.6% Negative increase
 France 465,305.4 384,031.5 406,272.9 338,584.8 315,299.5 4.76 0.818% 82.1% Positive decrease
Template:FRO 0.9 1.6 1.9 2.0 2.1 0.04 0.000% 132.9% Negative increase
 Gabon 600.8 6,164.7 6,384.7 5,668.6 5,516.6 2.46 0.014% 89.5% Positive decrease
 United Kingdom 669,518.5 581,012.1 556,573.3 379,214.5 340,610.3 5.00 0.884% 58.6% Positive decrease
 Georgia 23,136.6 34,482.3 4,832.0 10,980.0 12,013.9 3.10 0.031% 34.8% Positive decrease
 Ghana 2,344.6 3,131.1 7,187.7 16,862.4 24,453.0 0.76 0.063% 781.0% Negative increase
 Gibraltar 69.5 143.8 406.3 649.8 663.6 18.96 0.002% 461.4% Negative increase
 Guinea 459.4 962.4 1,763.1 3,118.1 3,801.7 0.26 0.010% 395.0% Negative increase
Template:GLP 185.1 655.5 640.8 838.7 904.5 2.02 0.002% 138.0% Negative increase
 Gambia 79.2 124.7 333.9 494.3 611.7 0.25 0.002% 490.6% Negative increase
 Guinea-Bissau 44.2 172.0 277.1 289.8 350.1 0.17 0.001% 203.5% Negative increase
 Equatorial Guinea 41.6 71.1 6,434.3 6,389.6 5,053.9 3.37 0.013% 7,109.8% Negative increase
 Greece 28,857.3 77,902.2 103,607.7 68,356.8 56,777.1 5.14 0.147% 72.9% Positive decrease
 Grenada 11.2 47.9 66.2 117.0 122.5 1.10 0.000% 255.9% Negative increase
 Greenland 0.8 1.1 619.2 508.7 465.9 8.17 0.001% 40,779.6% Negative increase
 Guatemala 2,500.0 3,914.4 11,772.1 17,155.1 20,090.1 1.08 0.052% 513.2% Negative increase
Template:GUF 91.0 242.7 187.6 344.5 354.6 1.11 0.001% 146.1% Negative increase
 Guyana 1,502.8 1,174.0 1,483.4 2,468.8 3,804.0 4.76 0.010% 324.0% Negative increase
 Hong Kong 9,493.2 35,029.8 42,584.1 43,977.0 32,439.2 4.24 0.084% 92.6% Positive decrease
 Honduras 1,217.9 2,355.4 7,091.4 9,338.2 10,612.6 1.06 0.028% 450.6% Negative increase
 Croatia 21,706.5 24,799.3 22,719.8 18,734.2 17,225.0 4.23 0.045% 69.5% Positive decrease
 Haiti 533.3 1,141.4 1,828.6 3,502.8 3,437.0 0.30 0.009% 301.1% Negative increase
 Hungary 66,231.3 71,682.9 60,294.0 53,869.5 47,291.9 4.95 0.123% 66.0% Positive decrease
 Indonesia 30,979.7 160,851.1 359,832.5 542,053.7 692,236.1 2.50 1.797% 430.4% Negative increase
 India 213,947.3 600,677.9 1,216,512.3 2,434,123.8 2,693,034.1 1.91 6.991% 448.3% Negative increase
 Ireland 20,645.6 32,234.6 46,848.9 38,179.2 37,785.6 7.61 0.098% 117.2% Negative increase
 Iran 79,495.2 204,790.8 467,592.5 664,899.5 686,415.7 8.08 1.782% 335.2% Negative increase
 Iraq 23,149.2 69,222.5 87,038.1 161,380.7 193,836.3 4.43 0.503% 280.0% Negative increase
 Iceland 1,934.9 2,341.7 3,130.8 3,314.8 3,558.3 10.23 0.009% 152.0% Negative increase
 Israel 14,903.5 35,224.2 61,974.6 67,927.7 61,771.2 4.24 0.160% 175.4% Negative increase
 Italy 312,329.1 424,676.5 492,525.9 345,364.5 322,948.7 5.48 0.838% 76.0% Positive decrease
 Jamaica 8,049.9 7,512.2 10,613.5 7,277.7 6,083.0 2.08 0.016% 81.0% Positive decrease
 Jordan 2,741.6 10,078.2 20,316.5 26,549.6 23,578.9 2.27 0.061% 234.0% Negative increase
 Japan 848,591.0 1,165,378.0 1,282,140.9 1,205,921.4 1,082,645.4 8.61 2.810% 92.9% Positive decrease
 Kazakhstan 128,715.2 248,531.2 181,844.1 224,320.8 245,886.3 12.85 0.638% 98.9% Positive decrease
 Kenya 3,749.4 6,469.0 9,023.8 19,938.8 21,527.4 0.38 0.056% 332.8% Negative increase
 Kyrgyzstan 11,814.6 23,656.3 5,373.4 9,594.4 10,303.4 1.60 0.027% 43.6% Positive decrease
 Cambodia 213.2 422.9 2,700.8 11,849.1 17,618.9 1.03 0.046% 4,166.3% Negative increase
 Kiribati 18.8 16.5 65.5 80.5 74.0 0.59 0.000% 449.6% Negative increase
 Saint Kitts and Nevis 14.7 19.5 56.5 95.0 101.9 1.76 0.000% 522.0% Negative increase
 South Korea 62,022.0 272,123.8 515,395.5 668,139.6 635,503.0 12.26 1.650% 233.5% Negative increase
 Kuwait 38,308.5 32,313.9 75,152.3 95,909.5 110,119.6 24.90 0.286% 340.8% Negative increase
 Laos 288.3 252.6 1,302.6 19,244.1 20,125.9 2.74 0.052% 7,969.0% Negative increase
 Lebanon 5,431.5 5,974.5 16,573.8 29,296.5 23,766.1 4.05 0.062% 397.8% Negative increase
 Liberia 971.4 381.4 685.0 1,168.3 1,622.8 0.30 0.004% 425.5% Negative increase
 Libya 39,295.2 32,508.4 57,548.8 55,020.5 62,743.0 9.20 0.163% 193.0% Negative increase
 Saint Lucia 29.5 66.7 107.2 179.3 254.8 1.39 0.001% 381.9% Negative increase
 Sri Lanka 3,119.8 4,237.3 14,418.6 23,402.9 18,535.9 0.87 0.048% 437.4% Negative increase
 Lesotho 73.6 110.7 410.5 679.5 779.0 0.33 0.002% 703.9% Negative increase
 Lithuania 19,106.3 34,935.8 13,914.7 13,957.6 13,263.8 4.69 0.034% 38.0% Positive decrease
 Luxembourg 18,385.7 11,711.4 12,114.1 9,188.2 7,586.8 12.26 0.020% 64.8% Positive decrease
 Latvia 12,590.0 19,703.9 8,019.5 7,403.6 6,705.4 3.61 0.017% 34.0% Positive decrease
 Macau 303.8 929.4 2,175.5 3,198.5 2,247.4 3.34 0.006% 241.8% Negative increase
 Morocco 6,935.9 22,460.8 44,495.4 63,846.5 72,642.0 1.92 0.189% 323.4% Negative increase
 Moldova 16,761.3 31,756.9 8,172.8 8,189.6 8,652.1 2.17 0.022% 27.2% Positive decrease
 Madagascar 768.4 907.8 1,788.0 3,552.1 3,190.0 0.11 0.008% 351.4% Negative increase
 Maldives 9.9 93.1 727.5 1,874.2 2,181.1 4.62 0.006% 2,341.7% Negative increase
 Mexico 120,905.0 289,977.6 446,873.3 498,902.0 487,774.0 3.56 1.266% 168.2% Negative increase
 North Macedonia 9,108.1 11,189.9 9,662.9 7,986.1 8,336.5 3.99 0.022% 74.5% Positive decrease
 Mali 247.0 324.4 950.7 4,910.5 6,726.0 0.31 0.017% 2,073.5% Negative increase
 Malta 682.9 2,321.8 2,634.7 1,534.4 1,715.4 3.93 0.004% 73.9% Positive decrease
 Myanmar 4,728.4 4,427.4 11,244.8 33,735.5 37,394.0 0.67 0.097% 844.6% Negative increase
 Mongolia 5,580.7 13,148.0 11,107.4 19,977.1 22,095.3 6.71 0.057% 168.1% Negative increase
 Mozambique 3,158.2 1,161.9 2,665.5 8,311.5 10,028.2 0.29 0.026% 863.1% Negative increase
 Mauritania 333.2 717.5 1,547.3 3,620.3 4,611.6 0.92 0.012% 642.7% Negative increase
Template:MTQ 213.1 686.5 672.1 867.3 899.2 2.34 0.002% 131.0% Negative increase
 Mauritius 305.7 1,186.1 2,978.3 4,215.2 4,281.8 3.35 0.011% 361.0% Negative increase
 Malawi 345.6 1,542.4 3,572.1 5,362.2 5,627.5 0.26 0.015% 364.8% Negative increase
 Malaysia 13,707.9 56,494.3 176,927.3 234,998.3 277,531.8 8.23 0.720% 491.3% Negative increase
 Namibia 739.9 1,270.6 2,591.9 4,185.3 4,287.8 1.53 0.011% 337.5% Negative increase
 New Caledonia 1,047.4 1,569.9 2,822.5 5,004.4 5,361.8 18.24 0.014% 341.5% Negative increase
 Niger 210.5 620.5 792.5 1,969.3 2,633.2 0.10 0.007% 424.4% Negative increase
 Nigeria 28,841.1 74,380.7 100,015.8 112,796.6 122,750.4 0.57 0.319% 165.0% Negative increase
 Nicaragua 1,654.8 1,964.0 4,399.9 5,670.7 5,734.4 0.88 0.015% 292.0% Negative increase
 Netherlands 134,092.3 163,880.0 181,201.6 168,545.2 134,663.6 7.79 0.350% 82.2% Positive decrease
 Norway 35,934.5 36,455.2 43,519.0 46,347.7 42,283.7 7.62 0.110% 116.0% Negative increase
   Nepal 281.1 1,088.6 3,275.8 13,370.0 15,847.3 0.51 0.041% 1,455.8% Negative increase
 New Zealand 14,868.7 23,822.8 36,187.2 36,212.7 32,371.1 6.58 0.084% 135.9% Negative increase
 Oman 7,320.6 15,554.9 32,943.4 82,273.2 91,649.1 17.09 0.238% 589.2% Negative increase
 Pakistan 17,847.2 65,498.1 132,776.4 210,288.7 199,329.9 0.92 0.517% 304.3% Negative increase
 Panama 2,597.6 2,718.2 7,099.0 10,145.7 11,384.0 2.58 0.030% 418.8% Negative increase
 Peru 17,411.5 20,833.1 31,829.8 55,132.7 61,610.4 1.81 0.160% 295.7% Negative increase
 Philippines 26,368.4 43,552.0 79,592.8 136,584.0 155,380.9 1.38 0.403% 356.8% Negative increase
 Palau 1,993.9 2,155.0 1,734.1 1,196.2 1,357.1 59.00 0.004% 63.0% Positive decrease
 Papua New Guinea 1,129.5 2,108.0 5,477.1 6,597.2 4,715.9 0.52 0.012% 223.7% Negative increase
 Poland 308,756.4 370,989.5 317,019.7 330,749.4 321,954.0 8.53 0.836% 86.8% Positive decrease
 Puerto Rico 28,461.4 18,592.2 25,693.9 11,312.0 12,616.6 3.47 0.033% 67.9% Positive decrease
 North Korea 75,980.6 131,964.5 79,737.4 55,370.1 54,403.8 2.09 0.141% 41.2% Positive decrease
 Portugal 16,475.3 43,727.7 67,750.4 55,117.0 41,281.7 4.07 0.107% 94.4% Positive decrease
 Paraguay 632.3 2,181.0 3,802.7 8,447.1 9,932.6 1.37 0.026% 455.4% Negative increase
 French Polynesia 141.6 833.4 999.8 1,026.4 956.7 3.25 0.002% 114.8% Negative increase
 Qatar 14,714.5 16,994.4 43,582.7 101,532.3 102,618.0 35.52 0.266% 603.8% Negative increase
Template:REU 367.7 937.7 2,384.3 2,657.3 2,736.5 3.01 0.007% 291.8% Negative increase
 Romania 126,376.3 186,365.1 102,361.0 81,256.3 77,289.0 4.03 0.201% 41.5% Positive decrease
 Russia 1,413,943.0 2,353,966.8 1,719,005.0 1,730,522.5 1,909,039.3 13.31 4.956% 81.1% Positive decrease
 Rwanda 69.7 553.0 741.7 1,309.3 1,626.4 0.12 0.004% 294.1% Negative increase
 Saudi Arabia 46,923.9 173,597.0 345,932.3 602,841.9 607,907.5 16.98 1.578% 350.2% Negative increase
Template:SCG 30,293.6 66,149.2 61,576.1 59,447.9 56,874.4 6.13 0.148% 86.0% Positive decrease
 Sudan 3,437.1 5,546.5 10,834.5 23,635.0 24,523.2 0.40 0.064% 442.1% Negative increase
 Senegal 1,349.0 2,364.8 5,748.3 9,977.8 12,074.7 0.67 0.031% 510.6% Negative increase
 Singapore 6,539.0 31,580.5 41,618.4 56,897.4 53,439.7 8.85 0.139% 169.2% Negative increase
 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 2.8 9.5 9.7 16.4 17.9 4.48 0.000% 187.6% Negative increase
 Solomon Islands 65.9 156.1 317.6 340.2 318.1 0.47 0.001% 203.7% Negative increase
 Sierra Leone 361.6 644.0 570.5 999.5 1,099.7 0.13 0.003% 170.8% Negative increase
 El Salvador 1,601.2 2,593.0 7,030.5 6,628.5 7,972.4 1.22 0.021% 307.5% Negative increase
 Somalia 571.2 639.8 759.0 791.6 940.6 0.06 0.002% 147.0% Negative increase
Template:SPM 36.4 85.7 21.6 34.3 37.1 5.30 0.000% 43.3% Positive decrease
 São Tomé and Príncipe 14.4 39.3 89.9 140.8 157.9 0.70 0.000% 402.0% Negative increase
 Suriname 626.8 634.7 1,687.1 2,448.0 3,289.0 5.60 0.009% 518.2% Negative increase
 Slovakia 43,801.9 60,118.1 41,806.1 37,305.6 35,233.2 6.46 0.091% 58.6% Positive decrease
 Slovenia 10,453.5 14,940.5 17,636.1 15,348.3 13,946.9 6.70 0.036% 93.3% Positive decrease
 Sweden 94,331.2 56,537.4 55,023.8 43,312.5 37,850.2 3.69 0.098% 66.9% Positive decrease
 Eswatini 224.6 1,105.0 989.7 1,110.0 1,348.9 0.91 0.004% 122.1% Negative increase
 Seychelles 106.9 270.7 970.5 1,088.5 1,095.1 11.29 0.003% 404.5% Negative increase
 Syria 6,327.5 32,960.0 58,764.2 26,527.5 28,237.4 1.38 0.073% 85.7% Positive decrease
 Turks and Caicos Islands 3.2 4.8 31.3 80.7 88.4 2.33 0.000% 1,858.0% Negative increase
 Chad 153.7 238.7 464.0 2,097.0 2,110.4 0.12 0.005% 884.1% Negative increase
 Togo 348.1 754.7 1,311.0 1,820.2 2,438.0 0.28 0.006% 323.0% Negative increase
 Thailand 18,108.0 93,926.4 228,703.3 274,037.0 282,445.8 4.06 0.733% 300.7% Negative increase
 Tajikistan 6,977.0 12,324.1 3,191.3 6,933.4 10,551.3 1.07 0.027% 85.6% Positive decrease
 Turkmenistan 28,337.1 45,700.8 52,925.0 66,564.9 69,882.9 11.27 0.181% 152.9% Negative increase
 Timor-Leste 1.4 1.7 350.8 697.6 572.6 0.40 0.001% 33,040.5% Negative increase
 Tonga 18.9 87.7 128.8 180.6 166.9 1.48 0.000% 190.2% Negative increase
 Trinidad and Tobago 6,359.1 12,670.2 34,046.3 32,309.7 29,217.4 21.17 0.076% 230.6% Negative increase
 Tunisia 4,252.9 14,722.5 23,439.7 30,159.1 35,915.4 2.96 0.093% 243.9% Negative increase
 Turkey 45,127.4 155,020.1 245,648.5 434,080.1 481,247.5 5.66 1.249% 310.4% Negative increase
 Taiwan 36,262.9 121,770.5 266,891.9 289,780.2 275,574.0 11.52 0.715% 226.3% Negative increase
 Tanzania 1,568.0 2,083.9 5,931.4 12,016.4 16,978.7 0.25 0.044% 814.8% Negative increase
 Uganda 936.8 830.3 2,219.8 6,000.7 7,540.3 0.15 0.020% 908.2% Negative increase
 Ukraine 523,303.5 779,582.3 353,020.1 200,128.0 132,541.5 3.07 0.344% 17.0% Positive decrease
 Uruguay 5,298.0 3,924.9 5,519.8 6,341.0 8,541.5 2.43 0.022% 217.6% Negative increase
 United States 4,595,406.7 4,984,066.7 5,888,498.7 4,959,631.9 4,853,780.2 14.44 12.600% 97.4% Positive decrease
 Uzbekistan 79,096.1 127,483.1 121,441.9 114,968.7 132,433.5 3.89 0.344% 103.9% Negative increase
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 11.2 27.5 61.4 99.7 82.8 0.75 0.000% 300.9% Negative increase
 Venezuela 57,144.8 102,258.7 155,614.0 147,806.4 96,924.9 2.86 0.252% 94.8% Positive decrease
 British Virgin Islands 7.3 17.2 34.7 61.4 64.7 1.96 0.000% 375.3% Negative increase
 Vietnam 17,507.2 20,584.6 100,556.2 229,728.9 327,905.6 3.27 0.851% 1,593.0% Negative increase
 Vanuatu 75.2 100.3 94.9 194.1 218.1 0.71 0.001% 217.5% Negative increase
 Samoa 65.9 120.8 231.4 369.0 355.4 1.75 0.001% 294.2% Negative increase
 Yemen 1,627.9 7,088.6 21,980.7 10,385.1 12,263.2 0.39 0.032% 173.0% Negative increase
 South Africa 185,563.9 313,362.3 434,311.5 468,964.8 404,974.5 6.75 1.051% 129.2% Negative increase
 Zambia 3,700.4 3,028.7 2,470.4 7,338.8 9,270.7 0.47 0.024% 306.1% Negative increase
 Zimbabwe 9,529.6 17,387.1 11,436.4 10,242.7 10,223.7 0.55 0.027% 58.8% Positive decrease

Maps and charts

  • Total CO2 emissions by country/region in 2017 vs per capita emissions (top 40 countries)

  • Total CO2 emissions for the period 1970 to 2017 and 2017 emissions, by country/region

  • Historical greenhouse gas emissions 1990-2018 from Climate Watch[21]

  • CO₂ emissions per capita, 2016

  • Annual CO₂ emissions in 2017, measured in tonnes per year

  • Consumption-based CO₂ emissions per capita, 2017

  • Who emits the most CO
    2     each year? Source: Our World in Data (2017)

  • Countries by carbon dioxide emissions in thousands of tonnes per annum, via the burning of fossil fuels (blue the highest and green the lowest). Based on levels in 2006.

  • Historical annual CO2 emissions for the top six countries and confederations

  • Worldwide CO2 Emissions in 2021, by region, per capita, growth. Visualization in a variwide diagram

Notes

  1. ↑ Carbon dioxide (CO
    2    ) is a colourless, odourless and non-poisonous gas formed by combustion of carbon and in the respiration of living organisms and is considered a greenhouse gas.
    Emissions means the release of greenhouse gases and/or their precursors into the atmosphere over a specified area and period of time.
    Carbon dioxide emissions or CO
    2     emissions     are emissions stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement; they include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels as well as gas flaring
  2. ↑
    Global Carbon Project (2022)[5]
    The rate of build-up of carbon dioxide (CO
    2    ) in the atmosphere can be reduced by taking advantage of the fact that atmospheric CO
    2     can accumulate as carbon in vegetation and soils in terrestrial ecosystems. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change any process, activity or mechanism which removes a greenhouse gas (GHG) from the atmosphere is referred to as a "sink". Human activities impact terrestrial sinks, through land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF), consequently, the exchange of CO
    2     (carbon cycle) between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere is altered.[6]
  3. ↑ Greenhouse gases (GHG) constitute a group of gases contributing to global warming and climate change.
    The Kyoto Protocol, an environmental agreement adopted by many of the parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1997 to curb global warming, nowadays covers seven greenhouse gases:
    • the non-fluorinated gases:
      • carbon dioxide (CO2),
      • methane (CH4),
      • nitrous oxide (N2O),
    • the fluorinated gases:
      • hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs),
      • perfluorocarbons (PFCs),
      • sulphur hexafluoride (SF6),
      • nitrogen trifluoride (NF3).
    Converting them to carbon dioxide (or CO
    2    ) equivalents makes it possible to compare them and to determine their individual and total contributions to global warming.

References

  1. ↑ "Per capita CO₂ emissions" (in en) (map). Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita. 
  2. ↑ "Annual CO₂ emissions by world region" (in en) (chart). Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co-emissions-by-region. 
  3. ↑ Evans, Simon (5 October 2021). "Analysis: Which countries are historically responsible for climate change? / Historical responsibility for climate change is at the heart of debates over climate justice.". Carbon Brief. https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-which-countries-are-historically-responsible-for-climate-change. "Source: Carbon Brief analysis of figures from the Global Carbon Project, CDIAC, Our World in Data, Carbon Monitor, Houghton and Nassikas (2017) and Hansis et al (2015)." 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Crippa, M.; Guizzardi, D.; Pagani, F.; Banja, M.; Muntean, M.; Schaaf, E.; Becker, W.; Monforti-Ferrario, F. et al. (2023). GHG emissions of all world countries – 2023. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. doi:10.2760/953322. https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/report_2023. Retrieved 2023-11-01. 
  5. ↑ Global Carbon Project (2022) Supplemental data of Global Carbon Budget 2022 (Version 1.0) [Data set]. Global Carbon Project. https://doi.org/10.18160/gcp-2022
  6. ↑ United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. "Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF)". https://unfccc.int/topics/land-use/workstreams/land-use--land-use-change-and-forestry-lulucf. 
  7. ↑ Quesada, Benjamin; Arneth, Almut; Robertson, Eddy; de Noblet-Ducoudré, Nathalie. "Potential strong contribution of future anthropogenic land-use and land-cover change to the terrestrial carbon cycle". Environmental Research Letters 13 (6). doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aac4c3. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aac4c3#fnref-erlaac4c3bib8. 
  8. ↑ Schrooten, L; De Vlieger, Ina; Int Panis, Luc; Styns, R. Torfs, K; Torfs, R (2008). "Inventory and forecasting of maritime emissions in the Belgian sea territory, an activity based emission model". Atmospheric Environment 42 (4): 667–676. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.071. Bibcode: 2008AtmEn..42..667S. 
  9. ↑ "China's Emissions: More Than U.S. Plus Europe, and Still Rising" (in en). 2018-01-25. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/business/china-davos-climate-change.html. 
  10. ↑ "Chinese coal fuels rise in global carbon emissions" (in en). 2017-11-14. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/chinese-coal-fuels-rise-in-global-carbon-emissions-2j0kvrd2z. 
  11. ↑ PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. "China now no. 1 in CO
    2     emissions; USA in second position"     (in en, nl). Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving. http://www.pbl.nl/en/dossiers/Climatechange/Chinanowno1inCO2emissionsUSAinsecondposition.     
  12. ↑ Roser, Max; Ritchie, Hannah (11 May 2017). "CO2 and other Greenhouse Gas Emissions". https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-other-greenhouse-gas-emissions#per-capita-co2-emissions. 
  13. ↑ Ritchie, Hannah; Roser, Max. "Per capita CO2 emissions". https://ourworldindata.org/co2-emissions#per-capita-co2-emissions. 
  14. ↑ Ritchie, Hannah; Roser, Max. "Consumption-based (trade-adjusted) emissions". https://ourworldindata.org/co2-emissions#consumption-based-trade-adjusted-emissions. 
  15. ↑ Klugman, Cornelia. "The EU, a world leader in fighting climate change". European Parliament Think Tank. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_BRI(2018)621818. 
  16. ↑ IPCC (2021). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis (Report). ISBN 978-92-9169-158-6. 
  17. ↑ Grubb, M. (July–September 2003). "The economics of the Kyoto protocol". World Economics 4 (3). http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/rstaff/grubb/publications/J36.pdf. 
  18. ↑ Lerner & K. Lee Lerner, Brenda Wilmoth (2006). "Environmental issues: essential primary sources". Thomson Gale. http://catalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v3=1&DB=local&CMD=010a+2006000857&CNT=10+records+per+page. 
  19. ↑ "Are our water vapour emissions warming the climate?" (in en-GB). 2018-11-15. https://physicsworld.com/a/are-our-water-vapour-emissions-warming-the-climate/. 
  20. ↑ Pan, Guanna; Xu, Yuan; Ma, Jieqi (2021-01-01). "The potential of CO2 satellite monitoring for climate governance: A review" (in en). Journal of Environmental Management 277: 111423. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111423. ISSN 0301-4797. PMID 33031999. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479720313487. 
  21. ↑ "Historical GHG Emissions". Climate Watch. https://www.climatewatchdata.org/ghg-emissions?end_year=2018&start_year=1990. 

See also

General:

  • World energy supply and consumption

External links



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