Chemistry:List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions

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Global map of Carbon dioxide (CO
2) emissions from fossil fuels and industry. Land use change is not included.[1]
Annual CO
2 emissions by region. This measures fossil fuel and industry emissions. Land use change is not included.[2]
Cumulative CO
2 emissions by world region.[3]

This is a list of sovereign states and territories by carbon dioxide emissions[n 1] due to certain forms of human activity, based on the EDGAR database created by the European Commission and Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. The following table lists the annual CO
2 emissions estimates (in kilotons of CO
2 per year) for the year 2023, as well as the change from the year 2000.[4]

The data only consider carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels and cement manufacture, but not emissions from land use, land-use change and forestry.[n 2] Over the last 150 years, estimated cumulative emissions from land use and land-use change represent approximately one-third of total cumulative anthropogenic CO
2 emissions.[7] Emissions from international shipping or bunker fuels are also not included in national figures,[8] which can make a large difference for small countries with important ports.

In 2023, global GHG emissions reached 53.0 GtCO
2eq (without Land Use, land Use Change and Forestry). The 2023 data represent the highest level recorded and experienced an increase of 1.9% or 994 MtCO
2eq compared to the levels in 2022. The majority of GHG emissions consisted of fossil CO
2 accounting for 73.7% of total emissions.[4]

China, the United States, India, the European Union, Russia and Brazil were the world's largest GHG emitters in 2023. Together they account for 49.8% of global population, 63.2% of global gross domestic product, 64.2% of global fossil fuel consumption and 62.7% of global GHG emissions. Among these top emitters, in 2023 China, India, Russia and Brazil increased their emissions compared to 2022, with India having the largest increase in relative terms (+ 6.1%) and China the largest absolute increase by 784 MtCO
2eq.[4]

CO
2 emissions from the top 10 countries with the highest emissions accounted for almost two thirds of the global total. Since 2006, China has been emitting more CO
2 than any other country.[9][10][11] However, the main disadvantage of measuring total national emissions is that it does not take population size into account. China has the largest CO
2 emissions in the world, but also the second largest population. Some argue that for a fair comparison, emissions should be analyzed in terms of the amount of CO
2 per capita.[12] Their main argument is illustrated by CO2 per capita emissions in 2023, China's levels (9.24) are almost two thirds those of the United States (13.83) and less than a sixth of those of Palau (62.59 – the country with the highest emissions of CO
2 per capita).[4][13]

Measures of territorial-based emissions, also known as production-based emissions, do not account for emissions embedded in global trade, where emissions may be imported or exported in the form of traded goods, as it only reports emissions emitted within geographical boundaries. Accordingly, a proportion of the CO
2 produced and reported in Asia and Africa is for the production of goods consumed in Europe and North America.[14]

Greenhouse gases (GHG) – primarily carbon dioxide but also others, including methane and chlorofluorocarbons – trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to global warming. Higher temperatures then act on the climate, with varying effects. For example, dry regions might become drier while, at the poles, the ice caps are melting, causing higher sea levels. In 2016, the global average temperature was already 1.1°C above pre-industrial levels.[15]

According to the review of the scientific literature conducted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), carbon dioxide is the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas by warming contribution.[16] The other major anthropogenic greenhouse gases[n 3][17]: 147 [18]) are not included in the following list, nor are humans emissions of water vapor (H
2O), the most important greenhouse gases, as they are negligible compared to naturally occurring quantities.[19] Space-based measurements of carbon dioxide should allow independent monitoring in the mid-2020s.[20]

Fossil carbon dioxide emissions by country

List of countries by carbon emissions[4]
Location % of
global
total 		Fossil emissions
(1,000,000 tons per year) 		% change
from 2000
2023 2000
 World 100% 39,023.94 25,725.44 Negative increase +52%
 China 34.0% 13,259.64 3,666.95 Negative increase +262%
 United States 12.0% 4,682.04 5,928.97 Positive decrease −21%
 India 7.6% 2,955.18 995.65 Negative increase +197%
 Russia 5.3% 2,069.50 1,681.14 Negative increase +23%
 Japan 2.4% 944.76 1,248.81 Positive decrease −24%
 Iran 2.0% 778.80 353.93 Negative increase +120%
 International Shipping 1.8% 706.32 503.29 Negative increase +40%
 Indonesia 1.7% 674.54 299.09 Negative increase +126%
 Saudi Arabia 1.6% 622.91 265.24 Negative increase +135%
 Germany 1.5% 582.95 871.74 Positive decrease −33%
 Canada 1.5% 575.01 543.04 Negative increase +6%
 South Korea 1.5% 573.54 474.16 Negative increase +21%
 International Aviation 1.3% 491.63 355.32 Negative increase +38%
 Mexico 1.2% 487.09 396.71 Negative increase +23%
 Brazil 1.2% 479.50 349.40 Negative increase +37%
 Turkey 1.1% 438.32 227.05 Negative increase +93%
 South Africa 1.0% 397.37 347.30 Negative increase +14%
 Australia 1.0% 373.62 353.87 Negative increase +6%
 Vietnam 1.0% 372.95 56.52 Negative increase +560%
 Italy,  San Marino and   Vatican City 0.8% 305.49 454.72 Positive decrease −33%
 United Kingdom 0.8% 302.10 551.68 Positive decrease −45%
 Poland 0.7% 286.91 313.02 Positive decrease −8%
 Malaysia 0.7% 283.32 130.78 Negative increase +117%
 France and  Monaco 0.7% 282.43 401.21 Positive decrease −30%
 Taiwan 0.7% 279.85 238.02 Negative increase +18%
 Thailand 0.7% 274.16 174.82 Negative increase +57%
 Egypt 0.6% 249.33 127.91 Negative increase +95%
 Kazakhstan 0.6% 239.87 132.22 Negative increase +81%
 Spain and  Andorra 0.6% 217.26 313.24 Positive decrease −31%
 United Arab Emirates 0.5% 205.99 88.46 Negative increase +133%
 Pakistan 0.5% 200.51 111.87 Negative increase +79%
 Iraq 0.5% 192.91 88.81 Negative increase +117%
 Argentina 0.5% 183.78 136.76 Negative increase +34%
 Algeria 0.5% 180.36 87.94 Negative increase +105%
 Philippines 0.4% 161.29 74.25 Negative increase +117%
 Uzbekistan 0.4% 137.90 130.67 Negative increase +6%
 Ukraine 0.3% 136.20 360.02 Positive decrease −62%
 Nigeria 0.3% 127.94 100.30 Negative increase +28%
 Qatar 0.3% 127.91 31.75 Negative increase +303%
 Bangladesh 0.3% 124.79 26.97 Negative increase +363%
 Netherlands 0.3% 122.87 176.91 Positive decrease −31%
 Kuwait 0.3% 111.63 54.48 Negative increase +105%
 Colombia 0.3% 100.86 62.57 Negative increase +61%
 Oman 0.2% 93.09 26.32 Negative increase +254%
 Czech Republic 0.2% 90.51 132.31 Positive decrease −32%
 Venezuela 0.2% 84.60 137.75 Positive decrease −39%
 Belgium 0.2% 84.31 124.97 Positive decrease −33%
 Chile 0.2% 84.00 53.85 Negative increase +56%
 Romania 0.2% 70.77 97.42 Positive decrease −27%
 Morocco 0.2% 69.86 33.56 Negative increase +108%
 Turkmenistan 0.2% 65.99 39.34 Negative increase +68%
 North Korea 0.2% 64.27 73.81 Positive decrease −13%
 Libya 0.2% 61.26 49.28 Negative increase +24%
 Israel and  Palestine 0.2% 61.25 59.30 Negative increase +3%
 Austria 0.2% 58.82 66.69 Positive decrease −12%
 Peru 0.1% 58.40 28.98 Negative increase +102%
 Singapore 0.1% 57.07 45.52 Negative increase +25%
 Serbia and  Montenegro 0.1% 56.12 50.64 Negative increase +11%
 Belarus 0.1% 54.18 56.26 Positive decrease −4%
 Greece 0.1% 51.67 96.05 Positive decrease −46%
 Ecuador 0.1% 45.33 22.04 Negative increase +106%
 Norway 0.1% 44.07 41.77 Negative increase +5%
 Hungary 0.1% 43.83 59.48 Positive decrease −26%
 Azerbaijan 0.1% 42.77 28.79 Negative increase +49%
 Bulgaria 0.1% 39.79 48.17 Positive decrease −17%
 Bahrain 0.1% 37.43 17.77 Negative increase +111%
 Portugal 0.09% 36.17 64.41 Positive decrease −44%
 New Zealand 0.09% 35.80 32.89 Negative increase +9%
 Sweden 0.09% 35.39 57.98 Positive decrease −39%
 Slovakia 0.09% 34.86 41.68 Positive decrease −16%
 Hong Kong 0.09% 34.67 41.90 Positive decrease −17%
 Switzerland and  Liechtenstein 0.09% 34.22 44.80 Positive decrease −24%
 Myanmar 0.09% 33.37 10.04 Negative increase +232%
 Ireland 0.08% 32.48 43.82 Positive decrease −26%
 Finland 0.08% 32.27 57.53 Positive decrease −44%
 Tunisia 0.08% 31.50 21.13 Negative increase +49%
 Dominican Republic 0.08% 31.35 19.01 Negative increase +65%
 Angola 0.07% 28.23 16.51 Negative increase +71%
 Mongolia 0.07% 28.12 9.04 Negative increase +211%
 Trinidad and Tobago 0.07% 27.22 19.13 Negative increase +42%
 Denmark 0.07% 26.77 53.16 Positive decrease −50%
 Laos 0.07% 26.02 0.93 Negative increase +2685%
 Syria 0.07% 25.59 45.90 Positive decrease −44%
 Ghana 0.06% 24.16 6.09 Negative increase +297%
 Bolivia 0.06% 23.81 8.20 Negative increase +190%
 Jordan 0.06% 23.58 16.47 Negative increase +43%
 Cuba 0.06% 22.07 28.99 Positive decrease −24%
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.06% 22.00 14.28 Negative increase +54%
 Kenya 0.06% 21.73 8.91 Negative increase +144%
 Guatemala 0.05% 21.35 9.69 Negative increase +120%
 Sudan and  South Sudan 0.05% 21.27 6.00 Negative increase +255%
 Sri Lanka 0.05% 20.52 11.46 Negative increase +79%
 Tanzania 0.05% 19.37 3.11 Negative increase +523%
 Cambodia 0.05% 17.97 2.00 Negative increase +798%
   Nepal 0.05% 17.93 3.42 Negative increase +424%
 Croatia 0.04% 17.46 19.37 Positive decrease −10%
 Lebanon 0.04% 17.33 15.31 Negative increase +13%
 Ethiopia 0.04% 16.71 3.88 Negative increase +331%
 Panama 0.04% 14.72 5.19 Negative increase +184%
 Ivory Coast 0.04% 14.41 6.97 Negative increase +107%
 Puerto Rico 0.04% 13.82 25.18 Positive decrease −45%
 Lithuania 0.03% 13.11 11.66 Negative increase +13%
 Georgia 0.03% 12.86 5.21 Negative increase +147%
 Slovenia 0.03% 12.08 15.04 Positive decrease −20%
 Senegal 0.03% 12.02 3.99 Negative increase +201%
 Zimbabwe 0.03% 11.74 14.60 Positive decrease −20%
 Estonia 0.03% 11.44 17.38 Positive decrease −34%
 Honduras 0.03% 10.95 5.00 Negative increase +119%
 Yemen 0.03% 10.90 15.74 Positive decrease −31%
 Cameroon 0.03% 10.76 5.73 Negative increase +88%
 Kyrgyzstan 0.03% 10.46 4.80 Negative increase +118%
 Moldova 0.03% 9.93 6.89 Negative increase +44%
 Mozambique 0.02% 9.74 1.57 Negative increase +520%
 Brunei 0.02% 9.72 6.07 Negative increase +60%
 Tajikistan 0.02% 9.31 2.78 Negative increase +234%
 Uruguay 0.02% 8.82 5.57 Negative increase +58%
 North Macedonia 0.02% 8.76 9.04 Positive decrease −3%
File:Flag of Afghanistan.svg Afghanistan 0.02% 8.71 1.02 Negative increase +757%
 Costa Rica 0.02% 8.57 5.12 Negative increase +67%
 El Salvador 0.02% 8.38 5.80 Negative increase +45%
 Paraguay 0.02% 8.25 3.64 Negative increase +127%
 Zambia 0.02% 8.06 1.95 Negative increase +313%
 Armenia 0.02% 7.73 3.57 Negative increase +116%
 Botswana 0.02% 7.42 4.10 Negative increase +81%
 Congo 0.02% 7.25 4.51 Negative increase +61%
 Uganda 0.02% 7.22 1.41 Negative increase +411%
 Cyprus 0.02% 7.18 7.13 Negative increase +1%
 Luxembourg 0.02% 7.01 8.80 Positive decrease −20%
 Jamaica 0.02% 6.86 10.21 Positive decrease −33%
 Mali 0.02% 6.66 0.80 Negative increase +730%
 Latvia 0.02% 6.55 7.23 Positive decrease −9%
 Malawi 0.02% 6.45 3.10 Negative increase +108%
 Benin 0.02% 6.44 1.54 Negative increase +317%
 New Caledonia 0.02% 6.21 2.18 Negative increase +185%
 Burkina Faso 0.02% 6.00 0.88 Negative increase +583%
 Papua New Guinea 0.02% 5.95 2.95 Negative increase +102%
 Nicaragua 0.01% 5.73 3.77 Negative increase +52%
 Gabon 0.01% 4.93 6.60 Positive decrease −25%
 Mauritania 0.01% 4.65 1.07 Negative increase +336%
 Albania 0.01% 4.59 3.23 Negative increase +42%
 Namibia 0.01% 4.36 1.95 Negative increase +124%
 Mauritius 0.01% 4.21 2.44 Negative increase +73%
 Madagascar 0.01% 4.10 1.69 Negative increase +142%
 Democratic Republic of the Congo 0.01% 3.80 1.88 Negative increase +102%
 Equatorial Guinea 0.01% 3.78 2.74 Negative increase +38%
 Guinea 0.01% 3.72 1.47 Negative increase +153%
 Haiti 0.009% 3.54 1.69 Negative increase +109%
 Guyana 0.008% 3.30 1.66 Negative increase +99%
 Iceland 0.008% 3.09 2.85 Negative increase +8%
 Macao 0.008% 3.01 1.48 Negative increase +104%
 Maldives 0.007% 2.88 0.64 Negative increase +352%
 Niger 0.007% 2.82 0.70 Negative increase +302%
 Suriname 0.007% 2.63 1.48 Negative increase +78%
 Chad 0.007% 2.57 0.24 Negative increase +962%
 Réunion 0.007% 2.57 2.05 Negative increase +25%
 Togo 0.006% 2.49 1.25 Negative increase +99%
 Curaçao 0.006% 2.43 5.67 Positive decrease −57%
 Fiji 0.006% 2.21 1.46 Negative increase +51%
 Bhutan 0.005% 1.99 0.41 Negative increase +388%
 Malta 0.004% 1.68 2.13 Positive decrease −21%
 Bahamas 0.004% 1.68 1.00 Negative increase +69%
 Rwanda 0.004% 1.65 0.68 Negative increase +142%
 Liberia 0.004% 1.64 0.40 Negative increase +307%
 Palau 0.004% 1.44 2.12 Positive decrease −32%
 Eswatini 0.004% 1.39 1.10 Negative increase +27%
 French Polynesia 0.003% 1.26 0.72 Negative increase +75%
 Seychelles 0.003% 1.24 0.76 Negative increase +63%
 Guadeloupe 0.003% 1.17 0.62 Negative increase +89%
 Martinique 0.003% 1.09 0.67 Negative increase +62%
 Sierra Leone 0.003% 1.07 0.43 Negative increase +147%
 Cape Verde 0.003% 1.01 0.28 Negative increase +256%
 Lesotho 0.002% 0.88 0.35 Negative increase +148%
 Somalia 0.002% 0.87 0.63 Negative increase +38%
 Burundi 0.002% 0.84 0.29 Negative increase +186%
 Barbados 0.002% 0.80 0.59 Negative increase +35%
 Djibouti 0.002% 0.75 0.74 Negative increase +1%
 East Timor 0.002% 0.70 0.23 Negative increase +208%
 Gibraltar 0.002% 0.69 0.34 Negative increase +102%
 Eritrea 0.002% 0.67 0.67 Steady no change%
 Gambia 0.002% 0.61 0.27 Negative increase +126%
 Greenland 0.001% 0.58 0.00 Negative increase +43469%
 Aruba 0.001% 0.53 0.27 Negative increase +97%
 Samoa 0.001% 0.47 0.19 Negative increase +149%
 Solomon Islands 0.001% 0.42 0.24 Negative increase +78%
 French Guiana 0.001% 0.38 0.17 Negative increase +119%
 Central African Republic 0.001% 0.37 0.26 Negative increase +43%
 Cayman Islands 0.001% 0.36 0.13 Negative increase +172%
 Bermuda 0.001% 0.35 0.15 Negative increase +133%
 Guinea-Bissau 0.001% 0.35 0.20 Negative increase +71%
 Antigua and Barbuda 0.001% 0.32 0.14 Negative increase +139%
 Comoros 0.001% 0.32 0.09 Negative increase +250%
 Saint Lucia 0.001% 0.30 0.10 Negative increase +207%
 Vanuatu 0.001% 0.29 0.08 Negative increase +238%
 Belize 0.001% 0.28 0.14 Negative increase +101%
 Western Sahara 0.001% 0.26 0.26 Negative increase +4%
 Tonga 0.001% 0.22 0.10 Negative increase +118%
 São Tomé and Príncipe 0.001% 0.21 0.06 Negative increase +288%
 Grenada 0.0004% 0.14 0.06 Negative increase +149%
 Cook Islands 0.0004% 0.14 0.06 Negative increase +133%
 Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.0003% 0.12 0.05 Negative increase +140%
 Turks and Caicos Islands 0.0003% 0.10 0.02 Negative increase +481%
 Kiribati 0.0002% 0.10 0.03 Negative increase +197%
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.0002% 0.10 0.04 Negative increase +131%
 Dominica 0.0002% 0.08 0.06 Negative increase +44%
 British Virgin Islands 0.0002% 0.08 0.03 Negative increase +172%
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0.0001% 0.04 0.02 Negative increase +129%
 Anguilla 0.0001% 0.02 0.02 Negative increase +48%
 Falkland Islands 0.0000% 0.02 0.01 Negative increase +170%
 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 0.0000% 0.02 0.01 Negative increase +58%
 Faroe Islands 0.0000% 0.00 0.00 Negative increase +20%

Fossil CO
2 emissions 2023 vs. fossil CO
2 emissions per capita 2023

Fossil CO2 emissions 2023 (ktCO2/year) and
Fossil CO2 emissions per capita 2023 (tCO2/year)[4]
Fossil CO2 emissions
2023		 Country/Territory/Region/Group Fossil CO2 emissions
per capita
2023
ktCO2 tCO2
13259638.95
  China
9.24
4682039.41
  United States
13.83
2955181.68
  India
2.07
2069502.01
  Russia
14.45
944758.61
  Japan
7.54
778802.30
  Iran
9.10
674535.94
  Indonesia
2.41
622913.60
  Saudi Arabia
17.15
582950.58
  Germany
7.06
575011.96
  Canada
14.91
573535.66
  South Korea
11.04
487093.94
  Mexico
3.52
479504.23
  Brazil
2.20
438315.56
  Turkey
5.13
397372.96
  South Africa
6.56
373616.42
  Australia
14.21
372948.52
  Vietnam
3.69
305490.18
  Italy,  San Marino and  Holy See
5.19
302103.28
  United Kingdom
4.42
286906.78
  Poland
7.63
283323.53
  Malaysia
8.30
282427.47
  France and  Monaco
4.25
279847.35
  Taiwan
11.68
274160.05
  Thailand
3.94
249331.85
  Egypt
2.31
239867.11
  Kazakhstan
12.43
217261.72
  Spain and  Andorra
4.68
205991.30
  United Arab Emirates
20.22
200510.13
  Pakistan
0.91
192908.24
  Iraq
4.30
183778.42
  Argentina
3.93
180357.65
  Algeria
3.99
161288.34
  Philippines
1.41
137900.11
  Uzbekistan
4.01
136197.95
  Ukraine
3.17
127941.73
  Nigeria
0.58
127907.89
  Qatar
43.55
124793.36
  Bangladesh
0.71
122872.05
  Netherlands
7.09
111633.54
  Kuwait
24.90
100862.71
  Colombia
1.97
93094.19
  Oman
17.11
90512.80
  Czech Republic
8.52
84595.29
  Venezuela
2.47
84306.06
  Belgium
7.18
83999.23
  Chile
4.45
70773.31
  Romania
3.70
69858.02
  Morocco
1.82
65987.68
  Turkmenistan
10.51
64274.51
  North Korea
2.46
61258.60
  Libya
8.88
61254.99
  Israel and  State of Palestine
4.13
58815.13
  Austria
6.65
58403.36
  Peru
1.70
57068.33
  Singapore
9.38
56120.92
  Serbia and  Montenegro
6.08
54175.66
  Belarus
5.79
51674.00
  Greece
4.69
45328.16
  Ecuador
2.51
44065.20
  Norway
7.86
43825.23
  Hungary
4.61
42766.20
  Azerbaijan
4.14
39792.57
  Bulgaria
5.86
37425.57
  Bahrain
20.70
36171.35
  Portugal
3.58
35795.09
  New Zealand
7.22
35392.17
  Sweden
3.43
34861.57
  Slovakia
6.40
34672.84
  Hong Kong
4.51
34221.71
  Switzerland and  Liechtenstein
3.87
33368.37
  Myanmar
0.59
32482.58
  Ireland
6.50
32268.88
  Finland
5.73
31497.46
  Tunisia
2.57
31350.81
  Dominican Republic
2.74
28229.93
  Angola
0.78
28117.12
  Mongolia
8.45
27216.18
  Trinidad and Tobago
19.71
26772.91
  Denmark
4.56
26020.84
  Laos
3.49
25594.86
  Syria
1.19
24163.79
  Ghana
0.74
23806.93
  Bolivia
1.98
23578.98
  Jordan
2.25
22066.99
  Cuba
1.92
21996.75
  Bosnia and Herzegovina
6.33
21733.67
  Kenya
0.38
21349.41
  Guatemala
1.13
21273.31
  Sudan and  South Sudan
0.34
20518.00
  Sri Lanka
0.97
19373.46
  Tanzania
0.28
17970.08
  Cambodia
1.03
17933.78
  Nepal
0.57
17456.50
  Croatia
4.31
17332.05
  Lebanon
3.00
16707.69
  Ethiopia
0.14
14720.53
  Panama
3.29
14412.45
  Ivory Coast
0.51
13815.29
  Puerto Rico
3.80
13114.62
  Lithuania
4.66
12863.60
  Georgia
3.33
12076.46
  Slovenia
5.81
12023.94
  Senegal
0.65
11744.05
  Zimbabwe
0.62
11436.37
  Estonia
8.87
10945.76
  Honduras
1.08
10898.84
  Yemen
0.34
10755.63
  Cameroon
0.38
10463.99
  Kyrgyzstan
1.60
9928.22
  Moldova
2.50
9740.08
  Mozambique
0.28
9716.06
  Brunei
21.12
9308.19
  Tajikistan
0.93
8817.28
  Uruguay
2.50
8763.66
  North Macedonia
4.19
8707.35
 File:Flag of Afghanistan.svg Afghanistan
0.21
8573.34
  Costa Rica
1.66
8379.62
  El Salvador
1.27
8253.94
  Paraguay
1.13
8058.98
  Zambia
0.40
7725.14
  Armenia
2.63
7424.70
  Botswana
2.93
7250.79
  Congo
1.18
7217.41
  Uganda
0.14
7183.30
  Cyprus
5.83
7007.46
  Luxembourg
11.18
6864.73
  Jamaica
2.34
6660.68
  Mali
0.30
6551.10
  Latvia
3.56
6447.68
  Malawi
0.29
6437.90
  Benin
0.49
6208.56
 New Caledonia New Caledonia
20.90
5999.25
  Burkina Faso
0.26
5951.82
  Papua New Guinea
0.64
5725.29
  Nicaragua
0.87
4926.90
  Gabon
2.16
4650.27
  Mauritania
0.90
4591.83
  Albania
1.56
4364.59
  Namibia
1.53
4213.59
  Mauritius
3.29
4099.12
  Madagascar
0.14
3799.54
  Democratic Republic of the Congo
0.04
3776.75
  Equatorial Guinea
2.44
3715.38
  Guinea
0.25
3536.48
  Haiti
0.30
3304.16
  Guyana
4.11
3086.23
  Iceland
8.79
3012.36
  Macao
4.42
2876.31
  Maldives
6.00
2822.85
  Niger
0.10
2628.56
  Suriname
4.45
2571.41
  Chad
0.14
2570.71
  Réunion
2.81
2492.58
  Togo
0.28
2434.14
  Curaçao
14.66
2210.54
  Fiji
2.35
1986.67
  Bhutan
2.31
1684.62
  Malta
3.85
1683.71
  Bahamas
4.04
1645.97
  Rwanda
0.12
1636.89
  Liberia
0.30
1439.59
  Palau
62.59
1390.16
  Eswatini
0.92
1258.99
  French Polynesia
4.27
1237.26
  Seychelles
12.76
1167.14
  Guadeloupe
2.61
1091.37
  Martinique
2.83
1074.94
  Sierra Leone
0.13
1006.33
  Cape Verde
1.71
878.31
  Lesotho
0.36
868.15
  Somalia
0.05
844.33
  Burundi
0.06
796.21
  Barbados
2.76
749.20
  Djibouti
0.72
702.89
  Timor-Leste
0.48
688.59
  Gibraltar
19.67
668.50
  Eritrea
0.12
605.83
  The Gambia
0.24
582.22
  Greenland
10.21
530.03
  Aruba
4.91
468.45
  Samoa
2.30
418.85
  Solomon Islands
0.61
381.63
  French Guiana
1.17
368.38
  Central African Republic
0.07
358.01
  Cayman Islands
5.42
350.52
  Bermuda
5.84
346.02
  Guinea-Bissau
0.16
323.11
  Antigua and Barbuda
2.99
317.70
  Comoros
0.34
296.56
  Saint Lucia
1.62
287.30
  Vanuatu
0.92
278.45
  Belize
0.66
264.76
  Western Sahara
0.41
220.00
  Tonga
1.95
214.08
  São Tomé and Príncipe
0.92
142.70
  Grenada
1.29
142.21
  Cook Islands
8.37
118.78
  Saint Kitts and Nevis
2.05
103.10
  Turks and Caicos Islands
2.71
97.44
  Kiribati
0.76
96.29
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
0.87
79.85
  Dominica
1.05
75.29
  British Virgin Islands
2.21
40.11
  Saint Pierre and Miquelon
5.73
22.96
  Anguilla
1.43
19.45
  Falkland Islands
6.48
17.77
  Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
4.44
2.10
  Faroe Islands
0.04
39023937.04
 United Nations Global Total
4.86
2512.07
  European Union
5.66

Cumulative fossil CO
2 emissions 1970-2023 vs. fossil CO
2 emissions 2023

Total fossil CO2 emissions 1970-2023 (ktCO2) and
Fossil CO2 emissions 2023 (ktCO2)[4]
Fossil CO2 emissions
1970-2023		 Country/Territory/Region/Group Fossil CO2 emissions
2023
ktCO2 ktCO2
277924506.81
  China
13259638.95
276168319.65
  United States
4682039.41
98657349.81
  Russia
2069502.01
60679458.92
  Japan
944758.61
59485104.14
  India
2955181.68
50139186.21
  Germany
582950.58
28997941.85
  United Kingdom
302103.28
26832418.10
  Canada
575011.96
24606502.43
  Ukraine
136197.95
21743058.98
  France and  Monaco
282427.47
21434526.94
  Italy,  San Marino and  Holy See
305490.18
20405932.48
  South Korea
573535.66
19387921.77
  Poland
286906.78
19331228.41
  Iran
778802.30
18779872.84
  Mexico
487093.94
18688645.29
  South Africa
397372.96
16857665.19
  Brazil
479504.23
16722319.55
  Australia
373616.42
16205199.78
  Saudi Arabia
622913.60
15267857.36
  Indonesia
674535.94
13483082.79
  Spain and  Andorra
217261.72
11731337.82
  Kazakhstan
239867.11
11531297.23
  Turkey
438315.56
9957070.41
  Taiwan
279847.35
8788134.24
  Netherlands
122872.05
8148937.06
  Thailand
274160.05
7978665.75
  Czech Republic
90512.80
7292160.06
  Argentina
183778.42
7144673.44
  Romania
70773.31
7093742.60
  Egypt
249331.85
6757041.14
  Malaysia
283323.53
6332495.66
  Belgium
84306.06
6300583.67
  Venezuela
84595.29
5925389.53
  Uzbekistan
137900.11
5548071.50
  United Arab Emirates
205991.30
5545304.17
  Pakistan
200510.13
5131741.75
  Algeria
180357.65
5127094.26
  Vietnam
372948.52
4915250.74
  Nigeria
127941.73
4907091.07
  Iraq
192908.24
4687917.39
  North Korea
64274.51
3973125.77
  Belarus
54175.66
3810102.31
  Greece
51674.00
3732766.71
  Philippines
161288.34
3580257.33
  Hungary
43825.23
3495925.92
  Austria
58815.13
3491404.22
  Bulgaria
39792.57
3280970.85
  Sweden
35392.17
3205803.86
  Kuwait
111633.54
3153749.01
  Colombia
100862.71
2907798.46
  Serbia and  Montenegro
56120.92
2878947.79
  Finland
32268.88
2813937.59
  Denmark
26772.91
2763059.46
  Chile
83999.23
2539061.05
  Qatar
127907.89
2491369.82
  Slovakia
34861.57
2469850.02
  Israel and  State of Palestine
61254.99
2349928.37
  Portugal
36171.35
2340089.97
  Turkmenistan
65987.68
2329741.97
  Switzerland and  Liechtenstein
34221.71
2258314.73
  Libya
61258.60
2220510.52
  Norway
44065.20
2058098.59
  Bangladesh
124793.36
1951786.97
  Oman
93094.19
1907557.07
  Azerbaijan
42766.20
1877854.88
  Morocco
69858.02
1860694.73
  Singapore
57068.33
1845393.62
  Ireland
32482.58
1782454.67
  Hong Kong
34672.84
1730562.69
  Syria
25594.86
1724886.81
  Peru
58403.36
1532695.39
  Cuba
22066.99
1505078.75
  New Zealand
35795.09
1371845.26
  Estonia
11436.37
1270841.18
  Ecuador
45328.16
1228158.43
  Puerto Rico
13815.29
1178455.32
  Croatia
17456.50
1115694.58
  Trinidad and Tobago
27216.18
1105176.16
  Lithuania
13114.62
994636.05
  Bahrain
37425.57
991005.16
  Tunisia
31497.46
945995.74
  Georgia
12863.60
939361.23
  Angola
28229.93
928116.78
  Bosnia and Herzegovina
21996.75
891996.90
  Moldova
9928.22
799894.74
  Dominican Republic
31350.81
784259.39
  Slovenia
12076.46
781144.42
  Jordan
23578.98
749929.23
  Lebanon
17332.05
694191.25
  Mongolia
28117.12
685202.55
  Kyrgyzstan
10463.99
656986.80
  Zimbabwe
11744.05
634469.33
  Latvia
6551.10
630583.95
  Yemen
10898.84
621045.29
  Luxembourg
7007.46
602698.05
  Myanmar
33368.37
564801.55
  Bolivia
23806.93
554255.44
  Sri Lanka
20518.00
523155.04
  Sudan and  South Sudan
21273.31
514004.22
  Armenia
7725.14
509875.73
  Kenya
21733.67
491402.57
  North Macedonia
8763.66
478180.05
  Guatemala
21349.41
428026.83
  Jamaica
6864.73
427208.59
  Ghana
24163.79
397902.79
  Tajikistan
9308.19
338557.33
  Ivory Coast
14412.45
328620.95
  Curaçao
2434.14
319798.76
  Panama
14720.53
314900.38
  Uruguay
8817.28
309036.93
  Tanzania
19373.46
307860.79
  Brunei
9716.06
305613.36
  Ethiopia
16707.69
301683.04
  Gabon
4926.90
297318.17
  Cyprus
7183.30
295004.95
  Cameroon
10755.63
278509.50
  Honduras
10945.76
273627.88
  Albania
4591.83
263602.89
  Costa Rica
8573.34
259038.37
  Senegal
12023.94
256329.02
  El Salvador
8379.62
228120.39
  Congo
7250.79
221716.92
  Nepal
17933.78
219948.76
  Laos
26020.84
209440.23
  Zambia
8058.98
204041.80
  Cambodia
17970.08
203095.80
 File:Flag of Afghanistan.svg Afghanistan
8707.35
200977.03
  Paraguay
8253.94
185086.78
  Botswana
7424.70
184659.27
  Nicaragua
5725.29
183880.07
  Papua New Guinea
5951.82
183470.32
  Mozambique
9740.08
164373.43
  Democratic Republic of the Congo
3799.54
150978.96
  Iceland
3086.23
141593.21
  Malawi
6447.68
139310.37
 New Caledonia New Caledonia
6208.56
137301.70
  Benin
6437.90
133919.06
  Equatorial Guinea
3776.75
128404.62
  Uganda
7217.41
117585.81
  Namibia
4364.59
112940.91
  Mauritius
4213.59
103826.68
  Palau
1439.59
99893.44
  Malta
1684.62
96690.53
  Guyana
3304.16
93896.63
  Mauritania
4650.27
93618.31
  Haiti
3536.48
91455.99
  Madagascar
4099.12
84825.09
  Mali
6660.68
84685.51
  Réunion
2570.71
83487.76
  Burkina Faso
5999.25
83088.67
  Guinea
3715.38
75825.18
  Macao
3012.36
73578.17
  Suriname
2628.56
68967.01
  Fiji
2210.54
65666.82
  Bahamas
1683.71
62200.84
  Togo
2492.58
55272.64
  Niger
2822.85
48045.77
  Liberia
1636.89
46188.60
  Eswatini
1390.16
44405.05
  Djibouti
749.20
39968.03
  French Polynesia
1258.99
39057.76
  Somalia
868.15
38511.81
  Maldives
2876.31
36903.84
  Sierra Leone
1074.94
36751.86
  Guadeloupe
1167.14
35917.79
  Martinique
1091.37
34899.24
  Rwanda
1645.97
34094.49
  Chad
2571.41
30364.76
  Barbados
796.21
30299.27
  Bhutan
1986.67
30213.87
  Seychelles
1237.26
27697.14
  Eritrea
668.50
20887.79
  Cape Verde
1006.33
16937.15
  Lesotho
878.31
16642.73
  Gibraltar
688.59
15351.56
  Burundi
844.33
14572.61
  Aruba
530.03
14426.63
  The Gambia
605.83
12841.75
  French Guiana
381.63
12109.43
  Timor-Leste
702.89
11979.99
  Solomon Islands
418.85
11784.24
  Bermuda
350.52
11499.64
  Greenland
582.22
10917.56
  Guinea-Bissau
346.02
10554.49
  Central African Republic
368.38
10377.37
  Samoa
468.45
10095.81
  Antigua and Barbuda
323.11
9927.02
  Western Sahara
264.76
7972.87
  Cayman Islands
358.01
7697.23
  Belize
278.45
6535.36
  Vanuatu
287.30
5801.44
  Saint Lucia
296.56
5532.02
  Comoros
317.70
5342.05
  Tonga
220.00
3894.50
  São Tomé and Príncipe
214.08
3513.12
  Grenada
142.70
3339.12
  Cook Islands
142.21
2807.59
  Saint Kitts and Nevis
118.78
2743.51
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
96.29
2309.85
  Dominica
79.85
2234.34
  Saint Pierre and Miquelon
40.11
2176.80
  Kiribati
97.44
1810.23
  British Virgin Islands
75.29
1676.65
  Turks and Caicos Islands
103.10
702.23
  Anguilla
22.96
519.46
  Falkland Islands
19.45
419.29
  Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
17.77
88.33
  Faroe Islands
2.10
1424121724.86
 United Nations Global Total
39023937.04
192562445.97
  European Union
2512067.78
18071560.98
 International Aviation
491632.31
26005116.55
 International Shipping
706320.42

Maps and charts

  • Annual CO 2 emissions by region
    Annual CO
    2     emissions by region
  • Annual percentage change in CO 2 emissions, 2022
    Annual percentage change in CO
    2     emissions, 2022
  • CO 2 emissions per capita
    CO
    2     emissions per capita

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Carbon dioxide (CO
    2    ) is a colourless, odourless and non-poisonous gas formed by combustion of carbon and in the respiration of living organisms and is considered a greenhouse gas.
    Emissions means the release of greenhouse gases and/or their precursors into the atmosphere over a specified area and period of time.
    Carbon dioxide emissions or CO
    2     emissions     are emissions stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement; they include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels as well as gas flaring
  2. ↑
    Global Carbon Project (2022)[5]
    The rate of build-up of carbon dioxide (CO
    2    ) in the atmosphere can be reduced by taking advantage of the fact that atmospheric CO
    2     can accumulate as carbon in vegetation and soils in terrestrial ecosystems. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change any process, activity or mechanism which removes a greenhouse gas (GHG) from the atmosphere is referred to as a "sink". Human activities impact terrestrial sinks, through land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF), consequently, the exchange of CO
    2     (carbon cycle) between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere is altered.[6]
  3. ↑ Greenhouse gases (GHG) constitute a group of gases contributing to global warming and climate change.
    The Kyoto Protocol, an environmental agreement adopted by many of the parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1997 to curb global warming, nowadays covers seven greenhouse gases:
    • the non-fluorinated gases:
      • carbon dioxide (CO2),
      • methane (CH4),
      • nitrous oxide (N2O),
    • the fluorinated gases:
      • hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs),
      • perfluorocarbons (PFCs),
      • sulphur hexafluoride (SF6),
      • nitrogen trifluoride (NF3).
    Converting them to carbon dioxide (or CO
    2    ) equivalents makes it possible to compare them and to determine their individual and total contributions to global warming.

References

  1. ↑ "Annual CO₂ emissions, 2024". Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co2-emissions-per-country?tab=map&country=~OWID_WRL. 
  2. ↑ "Annual CO
    2     emissions by world region"     (chart). Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co-emissions-by-region.     
  3. ↑ "Cumulative CO
    2     emissions by world region"     (chart). Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cumulative-co2-emissions-region?stackMode=absolute.     
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Crippa, M.; Guizzardi, D.; Pagani, F.; Banja, M.; Muntean, M.; Schaaf, E.; Monforti-Ferrario, F.; Becker, W.E. et al. (2024). GHG emissions of all world countries – 2024. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. doi:10.2760/4002897. ISBN 978-92-68-20572-3. https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/report_2024?vis=co2tot#data_download. Retrieved 2024-09-18. 
  5. ↑ Global Carbon Project (2022). "Supplemental data of Global Carbon Budget 2022 (Version 1.0) [Data set]". Global Carbon Project (2022) (Global Carbon Project). doi:10.18160/gcp-2022. 
  6. ↑ United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. "Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF)". https://unfccc.int/topics/land-use/workstreams/land-use--land-use-change-and-forestry-lulucf. 
  7. ↑ Quesada, Benjamin; Arneth, Almut; Robertson, Eddy; de Noblet-Ducoudré, Nathalie (2018). "Potential strong contribution of future anthropogenic land-use and land-cover change to the terrestrial carbon cycle". Environmental Research Letters 13 (6). doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aac4c3. Bibcode: 2018ERL....13f4023Q. 
  8. ↑ Schrooten, L; De Vlieger, Ina; Int Panis, Luc; Styns, R. Torfs, K; Torfs, R (2008). "Inventory and forecasting of maritime emissions in the Belgian sea territory, an activity based emission model". Atmospheric Environment 42 (4): 667–676. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.071. Bibcode: 2008AtmEn..42..667S. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1352231007008837. Retrieved 2024-09-18. 
  9. ↑ "China's Emissions: More Than U.S. Plus Europe, and Still Rising". 2018-01-25. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/business/china-davos-climate-change.html. 
  10. ↑ "Chinese coal fuels rise in global carbon emissions". 2017-11-14. https://www.thetimes.com/world/asia/article/chinese-coal-fuels-rise-in-global-carbon-emissions-2j0kvrd2z. 
  11. ↑ PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. "China now no. 1 in CO
    2     emissions; USA in second position"     (in en, nl). Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving. http://www.pbl.nl/en/dossiers/Climatechange/Chinanowno1inCO2emissionsUSAinsecondposition.     
  12. ↑ Roser, Max; Ritchie, Hannah (11 May 2017). "CO2 and other Greenhouse Gas Emissions". Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-other-greenhouse-gas-emissions#per-capita-co2-emissions. Retrieved 2024-09-18. 
  13. ↑ Ritchie, Hannah; Roser, Max (10 June 2020). "Per capita CO2 emissions". Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/co2-emissions#per-capita-co2-emissions. Retrieved 2024-09-18. 
  14. ↑ Ritchie, Hannah (2019). "How do CO2 emissions compare when we adjust for trade?". Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/consumption-based-co2. Retrieved 2024-09-18. 
  15. ↑ Klugman, Cornelia. "The EU, a world leader in fighting climate change". European Parliament Think Tank. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_BRI(2018)621818. 
  16. ↑ IPCC (2021). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis (Report). ISBN 978-92-9169-158-6. 
  17. ↑ Grubb, M. (July–September 2003). "The economics of the Kyoto protocol". World Economics 4 (3). http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/rstaff/grubb/publications/J36.pdf. Retrieved 2024-09-18. 
  18. ↑ Lerner, K. Lee; Lerner, Brenda Wilmoth (2006). Environmental issues: essential primary sources. Detroit: Thomson Gale. ISBN 1-4144-0625-8. https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781414406251. 
  19. ↑ "Are our water vapour emissions warming the climate?". 2018-11-15. https://physicsworld.com/a/are-our-water-vapour-emissions-warming-the-climate/. 
  20. ↑ Pan, Guanna; Xu, Yuan; Ma, Jieqi (2021-01-01). "The potential of CO2 satellite monitoring for climate governance: A review". Journal of Environmental Management 277. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111423. ISSN 0301-4797. PMID 33031999. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479720313487. Retrieved 2024-09-18. 



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