Chemistry:List of sapphires by size

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A precious stone
The Logan Sapphire

This is a list of sapphires by size.

Sapphire

Sapphires are a precious gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum, consisting of aluminum oxide (α-Al2O3) with trace amounts of elements such as iron, titanium, chromium, copper, or magnesium. It is typically blue, but natural "fancy" sapphires also occur in yellow, purple, orange, and green colors; "parti sapphires" show two or more colors. The only color corundum stone that the term sapphire is not used for is red, which is called a ruby. [1] Pink colored corundum may be either classified as ruby or sapphire depending on locale. Commonly, natural sapphires are cut and polished into gemstones and worn in jewelry. They also may be created synthetically in laboratories for industrial or decorative purposes in large crystal boules. Because of the remarkable hardness of sapphires – 9 on the Mohs scale (the third hardest mineral, after diamond at 10 and moissanite at 9.5) – sapphires are also used in some non-ornamental applications, such as infrared optical components, high-durability windows, wristwatch crystals and movement bearings, and very thin electronic wafers, which are used as the insulating substrates of special-purpose solid-state electronics such as integrated circuits and GaN-based blue LEDs.

Sapphire is the birthstone for September and the gem of the 45th anniversary. A sapphire jubilee occurs after 65 years. [2]

List of sapphires

Sapphire Origin Date Size Cut Color Location Ref
Star of Adam Sri Lanka 2015 1,404.49 carats (280.898 g) Star Blue Anonymous owner [3]
Black Star of Queensland Australia 1938 733 carats (146.6 g) Star Black Anonymous owner [4]
Star of India Sri Lanka 563.4 carats (112.68 g) Star Blue-gray American Museum of Natural History, New York [5]
Queen Marie of Romania Sri Lanka 478.68 carats (95.736 g) Cushion Blue Anonymous owner [6]
Logan Sapphire Sri Lanka 422.99 carats (84.598 g) Cushion Blue National Museum of Natural History, Washington [7]
Star of Asia Burma 330 carats (66 g) Star Blue National Museum of Natural History, Washington [8]
Star of Artaban Sri Lanka 287 carats (57.4 g) Star Blue-violet National Museum of Natural History, Washington [9]
Star of Bombay Sri Lanka 182 carats (36.4 g) Star Blue-violet National Museum of Natural History, Washington [10]
Ruspoli Sapphire 136.9 carats (27.38 g) [11]
Stuart Sapphire Sri Lanka 104 carats (20.8 g) Blue Tower of London [12]
Bismarck Sapphire Myanmar 98.56 carats (19.712 g) Table Blue National Museum of Natural History, Washington [13]
James J. Hill Sapphire 22.66 carats (4.532 g) Cornflower National Museum of Natural History, Washington [14]


See also

  • List of gold nuggets by size
  • List of individual gemstones

Bibliography

Notes

  1. ↑ Gemological Institute of America 2019.
  2. ↑ BBC News 2017.
  3. ↑ Sivaramakrishnan 2016.
  4. ↑ Naso 2003.
  5. ↑ American Museum of Natural History 2019.
  6. ↑ Christie's 2003.
  7. ↑ Smithsonian Institution 2019a.
  8. ↑ Smithsonian Institution 2019b.
  9. ↑ Abrams 2012, p. 31.
  10. ↑ Howard 2011.
  11. ↑ Farges et al. 2015, p. 392.
  12. ↑ Younghusband & Davenport 1919, p. 57.
  13. ↑ Smithsonian Institution 2019.
  14. ↑ United Press International 2007.

References





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