Chemistry:Narrow-gap semiconductor

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Narrow-gap semiconductors are semiconducting materials with a magnitude of bandgap that is smaller than 0.5 eV, which corresponds to an infrared absorption cut-off wavelength over 2.5 micron. A more extended definition includes all semiconductors with bandgaps smaller than silicon (1.1 eV).[1][2] Modern terahertz,[3] infrared,[4] and thermographic[5] technologies are all based on this class of semiconductors.

Narrow-gap materials made it possible to realize satellite remote sensing,[6] photonic integrated circuits for telecommunications,[7][8][9] and unmanned vehicle Li-Fi systems,[10] in the regime of Infrared detector and infrared vision.[11][12] They are also the materials basis for terahertz technology, including security surveillance of concealed weapon uncovering,[13][14][15] safe medical and industrial imaging with terahertz tomography,[16][17][18] as well as dielectric wakefield accelerators.[19][20][21] Besides, thermophotovoltaics embedded with narrow-gap semiconductors can potentially use the traditionally wasted portion of solar energy that takes up ~49% of the sun light spectrum.[22][23] Space crafts, deep ocean instruments, and vacuum physics setups use narrow-gap semiconductors to achieve cryogenic cooling.[24][25]

List of narrow-gap semiconductors

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Name Chemical formula Groups Band gap (300 K)
Mercury cadmium telluride Hg1−xCdxTe II-VI 0 to 1.5 eV
Mercury zinc telluride Hg1−xZnxTe II-VI 0.15 to 2.25 eV
Lead selenide PbSe IV-VI 0.27 eV
Lead(II) sulfide PbS IV-VI 0.37 eV
Lead telluride PbTe IV-VI 0.32 eV
Indium arsenide InAs III-V 0.354 eV
Indium antimonide InSb III-V 0.17 eV
Gallium antimonide GaSb III-V 0.67 eV
Cadmium arsenide Cd3As2 II-V 0.5 to 0.6 eV
Bismuth telluride Bi2Te3 0.21 eV
Tin telluride SnTe IV-VI 0.18 eV
Tin selenide SnSe IV-VI 0.9 eV
Silver(I) selenide Ag2Se 0.07 eV
Magnesium silicide Mg2Si II-IV 0.79 eV[26]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Li, Xiao-Hui (2022). "Narrwo-Bandgap Materials for Optoelectronics Applications". Frontiers of Physics 17 (1): 13304. doi:10.1007/s11467-021-1055-z. Bibcode: 2022FrPhy..1713304L. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11467-021-1055-z. 
  2. ↑ Chu, Junhao; Sher, Arden (2008). Physics and Properties of Narrow Gap Semiconductors. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-74801-6. ISBN 978-0-387-74743-9. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-0-387-74801-6. 
  3. ↑ Jones, Graham A.; Layer, David H.; Osenkowsky, Thomas G. (2007). National Association of Broadcasters Engineering Handbook. Taylor and Francis. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-136-03410-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=K9N1TVhf82YC&pg=PA7. 
  4. ↑ Avraham, M.; Nemirovsky, J.; Blank, T.; Golan, G.; Nemirovsky, Y. (2022). "Toward an Accurate IR Remote Sensing of Body Temperature Radiometer Based on a Novel IR Sensing System Dubbed Digital TMOS". Micromachines 13 (5): 703. doi:10.3390/mi13050703. PMID 35630174. 
  5. ↑ Hapke, Bruce (19 January 2012). Theory of Reflectance and Emittance Spectroscopy. Cambridge University Press. p. 416. ISBN 978-0-521-88349-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=3FNzaFuoXY0C. 
  6. ↑ Lovett, D. R. Semimetals and narrow-bandgap semiconductors; Pion Limited: London, 1977; Chapter 7.
  7. ↑ Inside Telecom Staff (30 July 2022). "How Can Photonic Chips Help to Create a Sustainable Digital Infrastructure?". Inside Telecom. https://insidetelecom.com/how-can-photonic-chips-help-to-create-a-sustainable-digital-infrastructure/. 
  8. ↑ Awad, Ehab (October 2018). "Bidirectional Mode Slicing and Re-Combining for Mode Conversion in Planar Waveguides". IEEE Access 6 (1): 55937. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2873278. 
  9. ↑ Vergyris, Panagiotis (16 June 2022). "Integrated photonics for quantum applications". Laser Focus World. https://www.laserfocusworld.com/optics/article/14282714/integrated-photonics-for-quantum-applications. 
  10. ↑ "Comprehensive Summary of Modulation Techniques for LiFi | LiFi Research". https://www.lifi.eng.ed.ac.uk/lifi-news/2017-04-01-1855/comprehensive-summary-modulation-techniques-lifi. 
  11. ↑ "The Infrared Array Camera (IRAC)". NASA / JPL / Caltech. http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/mission/398-The-Infrared-Array-Camera-IRAC-. Retrieved 13 January 2017. 
  12. ↑ Szondy, David (28 August 2016). "Spitzer goes "Beyond" for final mission". New Atlas. http://newatlas.com/spitzer-beyond/45123/. Retrieved 13 January 2017. 
  13. ↑ "Space in Images – 2002–06 – Meeting the team".
  14. ↑ "Space camera blazes new terahertz trails" (in en). 2003-02-12. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/space-camera-blazes-new-terahertz-trails/174657.article. 
  15. ↑ Winner of the 2003/04 Research Councils' Business Plan Competition – 24 February 2004. epsrc.ac.uk. 27 February 2004
  16. ↑ Guillet, J. P.; Recur, B.; Frederique, L.; Bousquet, B.; Canioni, L.; Manek-Hönninger, I.; Desbarats, P.; Mounaix, P. (2014). "Review of Terahertz Tomography Techniques". Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves 35 (4): 382–411. doi:10.1007/s10762-014-0057-0. Bibcode: 2014JIMTW..35..382G. 
  17. ↑ Mittleman, Daniel M.; Hunsche, Stefan; Boivin, Luc; Nuss, Martin C. (1997). "T-ray tomography" (in EN). Optics Letters 22 (12): 904–906. doi:10.1364/OL.22.000904. ISSN 1539-4794. PMID 18185701. Bibcode: 1997OptL...22..904M. https://opg.optica.org/ol/abstract.cfm?uri=ol-22-12-904. 
  18. ↑ Katayama, I.; Akai, R.; Bito, M.; Shimosato, H.; Miyamoto, K.; Ito, H.; Ashida, M. (2010). "Ultrabroadband terahertz generation using 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4′-N′-methyl-stilbazolium tosylate single crystals" (in en). Applied Physics Letters 97 (2): 021105. doi:10.1063/1.3463452. ISSN 0003-6951. Bibcode: 2010ApPhL..97b1105K. https://pubs.aip.org/apl/article/97/2/021105/339188/Ultrabroadband-terahertz-generation-using-4-N-N. 
  19. ↑ Dolgashev, Valery; Tantawi, Sami; Higashi, Yasuo; Spataro, Bruno (2010-10-25). "Geometric dependence of radio-frequency breakdown in normal conducting accelerating structures". Applied Physics Letters 97 (17): 171501. doi:10.1063/1.3505339. Bibcode: 2010ApPhL..97q1501D. 
  20. ↑ Nanni, Emilio A.; Huang, Wenqian R.; Hong, Kyung-Han; Ravi, Koustuban; Fallahi, Arya; Moriena, Gustavo; Dwayne Miller, R. J.; Kärtner, Franz X. (2015-10-06). "Terahertz-driven linear electron acceleration". Nature Communications 6 (1): 8486. doi:10.1038/ncomms9486. PMID 26439410. Bibcode: 2015NatCo...6.8486N. 
  21. ↑ Jing, Chunguang (2016). "Dielectric Wakefield Accelerators". Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology 09 (6): 127–149. doi:10.1142/s1793626816300061. Bibcode: 2016RvAST...9..127J. 
  22. ↑ Poortmans, Jef. "IMEC website: Photovoltaic Stacks". http://www.imec.be/wwwinter/energy/space_main.shtml. 
  23. ↑ "A new heat engine with no moving parts is as efficient as a steam turbine" (in en). 13 April 2022. https://news.mit.edu/2022/thermal-heat-engine-0413. 
  24. ↑ Radebaugh, Ray (2009-03-31). "Cryocoolers: the state of the art and recent developments" (in en). Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 21 (16): 164219. doi:10.1088/0953-8984/21/16/164219. ISSN 0953-8984. PMID 21825399. Bibcode: 2009JPCM...21p4219R. https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/21/16/164219. 
  25. ↑ Cooper, Bernard E; Hadfield, Robert H (2022-06-28). "Viewpoint: Compact cryogenics for superconducting photon detectors" (in en). Superconductor Science and Technology 35 (8): 080501. doi:10.1088/1361-6668/ac76e9. ISSN 0953-2048. Bibcode: 2022SuScT..35h0501C. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ac76e9. 
  26. ↑ Nelson, James T. (1955). "Chicago Section: 1. Electrical and optical properties of MgPSn and Mg2Si". American Journal of Physics (American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT)) 23 (6): 390. doi:10.1119/1.1934018. ISSN 0002-9505. 




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