Company:Exelon

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Exelon Corporation
TypePublic
  • NYSE: EXC
  • DJUA Component
  • S&P 100 Component
  • S&P 500 Component
IndustryEnergy
FoundedOctober 20, 2000; 23 years ago (2000-10-20)
(Merger of PECO Energy Company and Unicom Corp)
Headquarters
Chase Tower
Chicago , Illinois
,
United States
Key people
Christopher Crane
(President and CEO)
ProductsElectrical power
Natural gas
Nuclear
ServicesElectricity and natural gas distribution
RevenueIncrease US$33.531 billion (2017)[1]
Increase US$4.260 billion (2017)[1]
Increase US$3.770 billion (2017)[1]
Total assetsIncrease US$116.700 billion (2017)[1]
Total equityIncrease US$32.132 billion (2017)[1]
Number of employees
34,621 (December 2017)[1]
Websitewww.exeloncorp.com
Chase Tower, the location of the headquarters of Exelon

Exelon Corporation is an American Fortune 100 energy company headquartered in Chicago , Illinois. It generates revenues of approximately $33.5 billion and employs approximately 34,000 people.[2] Exelon is the largest electric parent company in the United States by revenue, the largest regulated utility in the United States with approximately 10 million customers, and also the largest operator of nuclear power plants in the United States.[3] It was created in October 2000 by the merger of PECO Energy Company of Philadelphia and Unicom Corp of Chicago, which owned Commonwealth Edison.[4]

Exelon operates regulated utilities in Illinois, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, and Washington, DC. In October 2009, Exelon had full or majority ownership of 23 nuclear reactors in 14 nuclear power plants.[5][6] Exelon has operations and business activities in 48 states, the District of Columbia and Canada, and is the largest competitive U.S. power generator with approximately 35,500 megawatts of owned capacity.[2][7] Exelon merged with Constellation Energy Group in March 2012 and acquired Pepco Holdings in March 2016.[8][9] Exelon consists of eight main operating subsidiaries with Exelon Generation, a deregulated energy generator, Constellation Energy Group, a deregulated competitive energy supplier, and six regulated utilities, Commonwealth Edison (Illinois), PECO Energy Company (Pennsylvania), Baltimore Gas and Electric (Maryland), Delmarva Power & Light (Delaware and Maryland), Atlantic City Electric (New Jersey), and Potomac Electric Power Company (Washington, DC and Maryland).[3][10]

History

Exelon Corporation was created as the result of a merger between PECO Energy Company and the Unicom Corporation in October 2000.[4] Unicom was based in Chicago and the city became the home of the new entity.[11] The merger was overseen by the CEO of Unicom, John Rowe who joined the corporation in 1998 and went on to lead the newly-formed Exelon until 2012, becoming the nation's longest-serving utility executive.[12][4][13]

Under Rowe, Exelon explored a number of mergers and acquisitions. On June 30, 2005, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission approved the merger of Exelon and Public Service Enterprise Group Inc., a New Jersey utility. Under this merger, Exelon would have become the largest utility in the United States .[14] The two companies later broke off the agreement[15] due to pressure put on the NJ Board of Public Utilities by public interest groups, including New Jersey Citizen Action.[16] The merger sat pending in front of the NJBPU for nineteen months before Exelon concluded that they were fighting a losing battle.[15] On April 28, 2011, Exelon announced a merger with Constellation Energy for $7.9 billion with the combined company owning more than 34 gigawatts of power generation (55 percent nuclear, 24 percent natural gas, 8 percent renewable including hydro, 7 percent oil and 6 percent coal).[17][18] The merger was completed on March 12, 2012.[19]

In 2012, when announcing the cancellation of new nuclear construction for Victoria County Station, Texas, Exelon stated that economic and market conditions, especially low natural gas prices, made the "construction of new merchant nuclear power plants in competitive markets uneconomical now and for the foreseeable future".[20]

In 2008, Christopher Crane was named CEO following Rowe's retirement and the completion of the merger with Constellation Energy.[21][13] Exelon announced the proposed purchase of Pepco Holdings, Inc on April 30, 2014, for $6.8 billion in an all-cash transaction. The merger was rejected by the District of Columbia Public Service Commission in August 2015, though it was approved by other federal and state regulators. The companies appealled the decision.[22] On March 23, 2016, the merger was approved by the Washington DC Public Service Commission, under a revised set of terms. The merger was completed later that day making Exelon the largest regulated utility in the United States by customer count and total revenue.[23]

Controversies

PECO Energy, one of Exelon's local power companies, has been involved in two controversies with activists. In the 1970s, activists delayed the opening of nuclear power plants.[24] In 2015, Earth Quaker Action Team began a campaign to pressure PECO to expand the solar power it purchases, and to purchase it locally to create jobs.[25]

Exelon's merger with Pepco faced stiff opposition from community groups and the D.C. Mayor Muriel Bowser.[26]

Exelon companies

Exelon Generation

Exelon Generation is the corporation's energy provider. It has two primary business units, Exelon Nuclear and Exelon Power.[27]

Exelon Nuclear

Exelon is a leading nuclear power plant operator in the United States with over 19,000 megawatts through Exelon Nuclear Partners, a division of Exelon Generation.[28]

  • Braidwood Nuclear Generating Station (Illinois)
  • Byron Nuclear Generating Station (Illinois)
  • Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant (Maryland)
  • Clinton Nuclear Generating Station (Illinois)
  • Dresden Generating Station (Illinois)
  • Ginna Nuclear Generating Station (New York)
  • James A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Plant (New York)
  • LaSalle County Nuclear Generating Station (Illinois)
  • Limerick Nuclear Power Plant (Pennsylvania)
  • Nine Mile Point Nuclear Generating Station (New York)
  • Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station (New Jersey)
  • Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station (Pennsylvania)
  • Quad Cities Nuclear Generating Station (Illinois)
  • Salem Nuclear Power Plant (New Jersey) (Minority Owner)
  • Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station (Pennsylvania) (Unit 2 inactive and owned by FirstEnergy)

In December 2016, the Illinois legislature voted to pass legislation that would ensure continued operations of both the Quad Cities and Clinton nuclear power plants. The two plants create approximately 23 percent of emission-free electricity in Illinois. Passage of the bill and keeping the plants open is expected to preserve around $1.2 billion in annual economic activity within the state.[29] In August 2016, Exelon agreed to purchase the James A. Fitzpatrick Nuclear Power Plant from Entergy Corporation.[30] Exelon formally acquired ownership and operation of James A. Fitzpatrick Nuclear Power Plant on March 31, 2017.[31]

Exelon Power

Exelon owns and operates a portfolio of fossil fuel and other sources generating more than 12,400 megawatts (MW) of power. Sources include natural gas, hydroelectric, wind, solar, landfill gas and oil.[27]

Fossil fuel plants include:[32][27]

  • Chester Generating Station - Oil (Pennsylvania)
  • Colorado Bend II Energy Center - Natural Gas (Texas)
  • Croydon Generating Station - Oil (Pennsylvania)
  • Delaware Generating Station - Oil (Pennsylvania)
  • Eddystone Generating Station - Natural Gas and Oil (Pennsylvania)
  • Falls Generating Station - Oil (Pennsylvania)
  • Framingham Generating Station - Natural Gas (Massachusetts)
  • Gould Street Generating Station - Natural Gas (Maryland)
  • Grande Prairie Generating Station - Natural Gas (Alberta, Canada)
  • Handley Generating Station - Natural Gas (Texas)
  • Handsome Lake Generating Station - Natural Gas (Pennsylvania)
  • Hillabee Generating Station - Natural Gas (Alabama)
  • Moser Generating Station - Oil (Pennsylvania)
  • Mystic Generating Station - Oil and Natural Gas (Massachusetts)
  • Notch Cliff Generating Station - Natural Gas (Maryland)
  • Perryman Generating Station - Oil and Natural Gas (Maryland)
  • Philadelphia Road Generating Station - Oil (Maryland)
  • Richmond Generating Station - Oil (Pennsylvania)
  • Riverside Generating Station - Oil and Natural Gas (Maryland)
  • Schuylkill Generating Station - Oil (Pennsylvania)
  • Southeast Chicago Energy Project - Natural Gas (Illinois)
  • Southwark Generating Station - Oil (Pennsylvania)
  • West Medway Generating Station - Oil (Massachusetts)
  • Westport Generating Station - Natural Gas (Maryland)
  • Wolf Hollow II Generating Station - Natural Gas (Texas)
  • Wyman Generating Station - Oil (Maine) (Minority Owner)

Hydro

Exelon's two hydroelectric plants generate 1,600 MW of energy.[33]

  • Conowingo Dam (Maryland)
  • Muddy Run Pumped Storage Facility (Pennsylvania)

Solar

Exelon owns or has interest in three solar power facilities which generate 260 MW of energy.[34][35][36]

  • Antelope Valley Solar Ranch One (California)
  • Exelon City Solar Plant (Chicago, Illinois)[37]
  • Solar Energy Generation Systems (California)

Landfill gas

Exelon owns or operates two landfill gas power plants.[38][39]

  • Fairless Hills Steam Generating Station (Pennsylvania)
  • Pennsbury Generating Station (Pennsylvania)

Wind

Exelon has 47 wind projects in ten states, totaling nearly 1,500 megawatts (MW).[40] In 2010 Exelon purchased John Deere Renewables for $860 million adding 735 MW to Exelon's capacity.[41]

Exelon PowerLabs, LLC

Exelon PowerLabs, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Exelon Generation, provides quality laboratory services to Exelon and its subsidiaries, as well as other organizations across multiple industries. Exelon PowerLabs operates at four locations nationwide. The Plattsburgh, New York and Madison, Pennsylvania facilities specialize in calibration services; the Wilmington, Illinois facility specializes in failure analysis and component testing, and the Coatesville, Pennsylvania (headquarters) location provides all services. Their quality system is ISO 9001:2000 registered for the Coatesville and Plattsburgh facilities. The Coatesville, Madison and Plattsburgh facilities are also ISO/IEC 17025 accredited through the American Association for Laboratory Accreditation (A2LA).[42] Exelon PowerLabs has been operating since 1911.[43]

Constellation Energy

Constellation, an Exelon Company, provides energy sales in deregulated markets, known as competitive energy sales, to business, residential and government customers across the United States. Their customers include two-thirds of Fortune 100 companies.[44]

Atlantic City Electric

Atlantic City Electric is a regulated utility located in New Jersey with 545,000 electric customers.[45]

Baltimore Gas and Electric

Baltimore Gas and Electric (BGE) is a regulated utility located in Maryland with 1.25 million+ electric customers and 650,000+ natural gas customers.[46]

Commonwealth Edison

Commonwealth Edison (ComEd) is regulated utility located in Illinois with 4 million electric customers.[47]

Delmarva Power

Delmarva Power is a regulated utility located in Delaware and the Eastern Shore of Maryland with 515,000 electric customers over 5,000 square miles of service territory. They provide natural gas to 130,000 customers in northern Delaware.[48]

Philadelphia Electric Company

Philadelphia Electric Company (PECO) is regulated utility located in eastern Pennsylvania with 1.6 million electric customers and more than 500,000 natural gas customers.[49]

Potomac Electric Power Company

Potomac Electric Power Company (PEPCO) is a regulated utility in Washington, D.C. that serves 842,000 electric customers in the district and parts of Maryland.[50]

Exelon Transmission Company

Exelon Transmission Company is specifically focused on the development of power transmission lines—specifically the RITELine project which involves work in Ohio, Indiana , and Illinois.[51][52]

Political activity

Exelon's Political Action Committee (PAC) is EXELONPAC.[53] Since divesting from coal, the company is better positioned than many of its competitors to benefit from carbon pricing under a cap and trade plan for reducing carbon dioxide emissions.[54] "[Former] Exelon CEO John Rowe is a vociferous and longtime advocate of climate change legislation. In 2009, Forbes reported that if the Waxman-Markey climate legislation became law, 'the present value of Exelon's earnings stream would increase by $14 a share, or 28%.'"[28] Exelon also disclosed multiple contributions to political nonprofit organizations, the largest of which was $290,000 given to the American Energy Alliance — a 501(c)(4) nonprofit with ties to the conservative billionaire brothers Charles and David Koch and led by former Koch Industries lobbyist Thomas Pyle.

Pollution, security incidents

In 2005, Exelon was required to pay a $602,000 fine for exceeding the permitted sulfur dioxide emission limit from April to October 2004 at its Cromby Generating Station in Chester County, Pennsylvania.[55]

Exelon and Illinois state officials waited for four years until 2006 before disclosing that Exelon's Braidwood Nuclear Generating Station, a nuclear plant 60 miles southwest of Chicago, had spilled millions of gallons of water containing tritium, a radioactive form of hydrogen, multiple times over a decade. Exelon officials eventually apologized and said the risks from the leak were "minimal", with tritium levels in surrounding wells all found to be below regulatory limits.[56][57]

In 2009, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission announced its plan for a $65,000 fine against Exelon for permitting its contracted security guards that were guarding its Peach Bottom Nuclear Generating Station, a two-reactor nuclear plant located in Delta, Pennsylvania, to sleep on the job. The incidents did not come to light until a videotape of the security guards was leaked to news media.[58] As a result, Exelon terminated the security contract of the Wackenhut security firm that had been involved and now operates its own in-house nuclear security force.[59]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "Exelon Corporation 2017 Annual Report (Form 10-K)". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. February 2018. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1109357/000162828018001324/exc-20171231x10k.htm. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Exelon Corporation About Us". http://www.exeloncorp.com/aboutus.aspx. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Exelon Closes Deal to Buy Pepco, Creating Largest US Utility". http://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory/exelon-closes-deal-buy-pepco-creating-largest-us-37904975. Retrieved 24 March 2016. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Fahey, Jonathan. "Exelon's Carbon Advantage" (in en). Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2010/0118/americas-best-company-10-exelon-utility-tax-carbon-windfall.html#533dff1a7a22. 
  5. ↑ "Exelon responds to critics by cutting Crane's pay". Crain's Chicago Business. http://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20170316/NEWS11/170319908/exelon-responds-to-critics-by-cutting-cranes-pay. 
  6. ↑ John W. Rowe (October 29, 2009). "Testimony of John W. Rowe Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Exelon Corporation Before the Committee on Environment and Public Works United States Senate". United States Senate. http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.View&FileStore_id=80f64c95-1286-4fc5-aefd-6afc4e261137. Retrieved August 13, 2010. 
  7. ↑ "6 Undervalued Utilities With Strong Dividends and Upside Potential" (in en). 247wallst.com. https://247wallst.com/infrastructure/2017/06/28/6-undervalued-utilities-with-strong-dividends-and-upside-potential/. 
  8. ↑ "Constellation-Exelon merger complete". http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/C-Constellation-Exelon_merger_complete-1203127.html. Retrieved 17 December 2012. 
  9. ↑ FOX. "Exelon closes deal to buy Pepco, creating largest US utility" (in en-US). WTTG. http://www.fox5dc.com/news/local-news/exelon-closes-deal-to-buy-pepco. 
  10. ↑ "BGE, ComEd, Constellation, PECO - Companies - Exelon" (in en-US). http://www.exeloncorp.com/companies. 
  11. ↑ "Unicom and PECO Energy complete merger". https://www.power-eng.com/articles/2000/10/unicom-and-peco-energy-complete-merger.html. 
  12. ↑ Flaherty, Mary Pat; Mufson, Steven; Heath, Thomas (2014-04-30). "Things could get better: Nuclear giant Exelon buys Pepco, the energy company DC loves to hate" (in en-US). Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/nuclear-giant-exelon-to-buy-washingtons-pepco-in-68-billion-energy-deal/2014/04/30/d7d95fc2-d09e-11e3-9e25-188ebe1fa93b_story.html. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Power shift at Exelon". Crain's Chicago Business. http://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20120505/ISSUE01/305059976/power-shift-at-exelon. 
  14. ↑ "FERC approves Exelon-PSEG deal - Business - Oil & energy - msnbc.com". MSNBC. 2005-06-30. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8419580. Retrieved 2012-04-21. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Press Releases
  16. ↑ "NJCA in the News". Njcitizenaction.org. 2006-09-27. http://www.njcitizenaction.org/news/util074.html. Retrieved 2012-04-21. 
  17. ↑ "Exelon, Constellation Energy to merge". HydroWorld (PennWell Corporation). 2011-04-28. http://www.hydroworld.com/index/display/article-display/8563714145/articles/hrhrw/News-2/2011/04/exelon_-constellation.html. Retrieved 2011-04-28. 
  18. ↑ Erman, Michael. "Exelon to buy Constellation Energy for $7.9 billion". Reuters.com. https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/04/28/us-constellation-exelon-idUSTRE73Q8BS20110428. Retrieved 2012-04-21. 
  19. ↑ Haber, Gary (12 March 2012). "Constellation, Exelon close $7.9B merger". Baltimore Business Journal. https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/news/2012/03/12/constellation-exelon-close-79b-merger.html. 
  20. ↑ "Exelon scraps Texas reactor project". Nuclear Engineering International. 29 August 2012. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. https://archive.is/20130129162923/http://www.neimagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2062971. Retrieved 14 September 2012. 
  21. ↑ Erman, Michael. "Exelon to buy Constellation Energy for $7.9 billion" (in en-US). U.S.. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-constellation-exelon/exelon-to-buy-constellation-energy-for-7-9-billion-idUSTRE73Q8BS20110428. 
  22. ↑ Heath, Thomas (August 31, 2015). "Pepco, Exelon to appeal D.C. merger rejection". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/capitalbusiness/pepco-exelon-commit-to-pursuing-merger/2015/08/31/00ae9834-5016-11e5-8c19-0b6825aa4a3a_story.html. Retrieved September 13, 2015. 
  23. ↑ Anu Passary (March 25, 2016). "Exelon Closes $6.8 Billion Merger With Pepco Following Thumbs Up From Regulators". Tech Times. http://www.techtimes.com/articles/143885/20160325/exelon-closes-6-8-billion-merger-with-pepco-following-thumbs-up-from-regulators.htm. Retrieved June 28, 2016. 
  24. ↑ U.S. Anti-nuclear activists partially block establishment of nuclear power plant in Limerick, PA, 1977-82, Global Nonviolent Action Database, accessed April 6, 2016.
  25. ↑ Quaker group says North Philly solar panels could meet PECO power target this year. StateImpact Pennsylvania. Retrieved 2016-04-07.
  26. ↑ Renewed opposition to Exelon-Pepco merger threatens to scuttle deal, Baltimore Sun, March 2, 2016
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 "Clean energy - Electric power generation - Exelon" (in en-US). http://www.exeloncorp.com/companies/exelon-generation/Pages/default.aspx. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Carney, Timothy (2011-03-30) radioactive after Japan accident, Washington Examiner
  29. ↑ "Illinois Legislature passes bill recognizing nuclear’s clean air, economic value" (in en-US). Daily Energy Insider. 2016-12-06. https://dailyenergyinsider.com/news/2446-illinois-legislature-passes-bill-recognizing-nuclears-clean-air-economic-value/. 
  30. ↑ "Exelon to Assume Ownership and Operation of Entergy’s James A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Plant in Upstate New York" (in en-US). Exelon Corp Newsroom. 2016-08-09. http://www.exeloncorp.com/newsroom/exelon-to-assume-ownership-and-operation-of-fitzpatrick-nuclear-power-plant. 
  31. ↑ "Fitzpatrick joins exelon generation nuclear fleet" (in en-US). Exelon Corp Newsroom. 2017-03-31. http://www.exeloncorp.com/newsroom/fitzpatrick-joins-exelon-generation-nuclear-fleet. 
  32. ↑ "Exelon puts Texas plants totaling 3,500 MW into bankruptcy | American Public Power Association" (in en). https://www.publicpower.org/periodical/article/exelon-puts-texas-plants-totaling-3500-mw-bankruptcy. 
  33. ↑ "Conowingo, Muddy Run - Hydroelectric power - Exelon" (in en-US). http://www.exeloncorp.com/companies/exelon-generation/hydroelectric/Pages/default.aspx. 
  34. ↑ Briscoe, Tony. "Urban gardening group uses innovative methods in Pullman" (in en-US). chicagotribune.com. http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-pullman-urban-gardening-met-20150604-story.html. 
  35. ↑ "Antelope Valley Update: SunPower Builds, SunEdison Greets, Recurrent Makes a Move". https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/antelope-valley-update-sunpower-builds-sunedison-greets-recurrent-comes-out. 
  36. ↑ "Exelon" (in en-US). http://www.exeloncorp.com/locations/power-plants/solar-energy-generation-systems-(segs). 
  37. ↑ "Chicago Exelon City Solar Plant". Exeloncorp.com. http://www.exeloncorp.com/PowerPlants/exeloncitysolar/Pages/Profile.aspx. Retrieved 2012-04-21. 
  38. ↑ "Data center rising at ex-steel mill". Philly.com. http://www.philly.com/philly/blogs/inq-phillydeals/Bucks-data-center-to-rise-in-December.html. 
  39. ↑ "Landfill gas - Clean, renewable energy - Exelon" (in en-US). http://www.exeloncorp.com/companies/exelon-generation/landfill-gas/Pages/default.aspx. 
  40. ↑ "Exelon to build its first commercial wind farm in Ohio - Electric Power | Platts News Article & Story". https://www.platts.com/latest-news/electric-power/louisville-kentucky/exelon-to-build-its-first-commercial-wind-farm-21772944. 
  41. ↑ "Exelon to buy Deere's wind power unit for $860 million". Reuters. 31 August 2010. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-exelon-deere-idUSTRE67U2SK20100831. Retrieved 30 December 2016. 
  42. ↑ "Exelon PowerLabs Quality". http://www.exelonpowerlabs.com/main/quality.asp. Retrieved 17 December 2012. 
  43. ↑ "Exelon PowerLabs Home". http://www.exelonpowerlabs.com/main/. Retrieved 17 December 2012. 
  44. ↑ "Constellation". http://www.constellation.com/pages/default.aspx. Retrieved 17 December 2012. 
  45. ↑ "Atlantic City Electric/". https://www.electricchoice.com/utilities/atlantic-city-electric/. Retrieved 24 March 2016. 
  46. ↑ "BGE Facts & Figures". https://www.bge.com/AboutUs/Pages/FactsFigures.aspx. Retrieved 19 July 2016. 
  47. ↑ "About Us". Archived from the original on 15 April 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160415003923/https://www.comed.com/about-us/company-information/Pages/profile.aspx. Retrieved 24 March 2016. 
  48. ↑ "Delmarva Power - Company Information" (in en-US). https://www.delmarva.com/AboutUs/Pages/CompanyInformation.aspx. 
  49. ↑ "We are the largest electric and natural gas utility in Pennsylvania". https://www.peco.com/AboutUs/WhoWeAre/Pages/ServiceTerritory.aspx. Retrieved 24 March 2016. 
  50. ↑ "ABOUT US". http://www.pepco.com/library/templates/interior.aspx?pageid=742. Retrieved 24 March 2016. 
  51. ↑ "Exelon Transmission Company". http://exelontransmission.com/projects.html. Retrieved 17 December 2012. 
  52. ↑ "RITELine Transmission". http://www.ritelinetransco.com/. Retrieved 17 December 2012. 
  53. ↑ "Exelon Corp". OpenSecrets. http://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/lookup2.php?strID=C00141218. Retrieved 2012-04-21. 
  54. ↑ Jonathan Fahey [The Carbon Windfall]; Exelon's John Rowe has been planning for expensive carbon for a decade. Now it's time to push for the payoff pages 70-74 January 18, 2010 Forbes
  55. ↑ "AmeriScan: June 30, 2005". Ens-newswire.com. http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/jun2005/2005-06-30-09.asp#anchor4. Retrieved 2012-04-21. 
  56. ↑ "Radiation Leak Minimal in Byron Shutdown: U.S." (in en). NBC Chicago. https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/No-Danger-In-Byron-Radiation-138586554.html. 
  57. ↑ "Exelon to pay $1 million to settle suits over leaks at power plants" (in en). tribunedigital-chicagotribune. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2010-03-12/business/ct-biz-0312-exelon-leak-settlement-20100312_1_exelon-nuclear-tritium-leaks. 
  58. ↑ Nuclear Regulatory Commission news release
  59. ↑ Mufson, Steven (2008-01-04). "Video of Sleeping Guards Shakes Nuclear Industry" (in en-US). ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/03/AR2008010304442.html. 

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