Company:SsangYong Motor

From HandWiki
Short description: South Korean car manufacturer
SsangYong Motor Company
Native name
쌍용자동차 주식회사
TypePublic
KRX: 003620
IndustryAutomotive industry
Founded4 March 1954; 69 years ago (1954-03-04)[1]
HeadquartersPyeongtaek, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
Area served
Worldwide (except Japan and North America)
Key people
ProductsAutomobiles and commercial vehicles
Production output
Increase 119,142 (2012)[1]
RevenueDecrease ₩2.874 trillion (2012)[1][2]
Increase −₩98.12 billion (2012)[2]
Increase −₩105.93 billion (2012)[2]
Total assetsIncrease ₩1.85 trillion (2012)[2]
Total equityDecrease ₩800.66 billion (2012)[2]
Number of employees
4,365 (2012)[1]
ParentKG Group
Websitesmotor.com

The SsangYong Motor Company (Korean: 쌍용자동차 주식회사) is a South Korea–based automobile manufacturer. It traces its origins back to a manufacturer established in 1954. The name SsangYong appeared in 1988, after its acquisition by the chaebol SsangYong Group. SsangYong Motor was then acquired by Daewoo Motors, SAIC Motor, and then Mahindra & Mahindra. In 2022, the company was acquired by the KG Group. The SsangYong name is planned to be dropped by the company in March 2023.

The company main focus is sport utility vehicles (SUVs) and crossover SUVs and it is preparing for transitioning to electric cars.

History

Dong-A Motor (1954–1987)

SsangYong originally started out as two separate companies; Ha Dong-hwan Motor Workshop (established in 1954) and Dongbang Motor Co (established in 1962). In mid-1963, the two companies merged into Ha Dong-hwan Motor Co.[3][4] (Korean: 하동환자동차공업주식회사). In 1964, Hadonghwan Motor Company started building jeeps for the US Army as well as trucks and buses. Beginning in 1976, Hadonghwan produced a variety of special purpose vehicles. After changing its name to Dong-A Motor (Korean: 동아자동차공업주식회사) in 1977 and taking control of Keohwa in 1984, it was taken over by SsangYong Business Group in 1986.[5][6]

Gallery

  • Dong-A DA 30 with Ha Dong-hwan body

  • Firetrucks produced by SsangYong and its predecessor, Dong-A Motor

  • Ha Dong-hwan bus on the right

Keohwa (1981–1984)

Keohwa, Ltd. (Korean: 주식회사 거화; RR: Jusighoesa Geohwa) was a South Korean assembler of Jeeps under licence, mainly for export markets.[7] Its predecessor was the Jeep assembly joint venture of Shinjin Motors and American Motor Corporation (AMC), established in 1974.[8][9] It was spun off as an independent company in 1981, after AMC left the venture and retired the permission to use the Jeep trade mark. In 1983, Jeeps from Keohwa started to be named as "Korando".[9] In 1984, Keohwa was acquired by the predecessor of SsangYong Motor, Dong-A Motor.

SsangYong Motors (1986–present)

After Dong-A Motor was taken over by SsangYong Business Group, Dong-A Motor changed its name to SsangYong Motor in 1988.[10] In 1987, it acquired United Kingdom-based specialty car maker Panther Westwinds.[10]

The Musso was a result of collaboration between SsangYong and Daimler-Benz

In 1991, SsangYong started a technology partnership with Daimler-Benz. The deal was for SsangYong to develop a sport utility vehicle (SUV) with Mercedes-Benz technology. This was supposedly to allow SsangYong to gain footholds in new markets without having to build their own infrastructure (utilizing existing Mercedes-Benz networks) while giving Mercedes a competitor in the then-booming SUV market.[11] This resulted in the Musso, which was sold first by Mercedes-Benz and later by SsangYong.[12]

SsangYong further benefited from this alliance, long after Daimler-Benz stopped selling the Musso, producing a badge engineered version of the Mercedes-Benz MB100, the Istana and using Daimler designs in many other models, including the second-generation Korando (engine and transmission), the Rexton (transmission),[13] the Chairman H (chassis and transmission)[14] and the Kyron (transmission).[15]

Takeover by Daewoo Motors and SAIC

In 1997, Daewoo Motors, now GM Korea, bought a controlling stake from the SsangYong Group, only to sell it off again in 2000, because the conglomerate ran into deep financial troubles. In late 2004, the Chinese automobile manufacturer SAIC took a 51% stake of SsangYong Motor Company. In July - August 2006, workers went on strike for 7 weeks to protest SAIC's plans to lay off 554 employees.[16] The strike cost SsangYong 380 billion Won and negotiations ended with workers accepting a wage freeze.[16]

SsangYong's hybrid technology.

In January 2009, after recording a $75.42 million loss, the company was put into receivership. This may have been due to the global economic crisis and shrinking demand.[17] In response to management's plan to cut 2,600 jobs, a third of the workforce, workers at Ssangyong's main factory stopped work and barricaded themselves inside in protest.[18] One elderly worker died from a cerebral hemorrhage within the first 12 days.[18] The strikes grew violent after water, food, electricity, and medicine were withheld from the strikers and police surrounded the building.[19] Strikers threw Molotov cocktails at police[20] while police used electroshock weapons and allegedly dropped corrosive chemicals on the strikers.[19] On August 14, 2009, worker strikes finished at the SsangYong factory and production commenced again after 77 days of disruption.[21] Company employees and analysts have also blamed SAIC for stealing technology related to hybrid vehicles from the company and failing to live up to its promise of continued investment.[22][23] SAIC denied allegations of technology theft by the company's employees.[24] However, SAIC was charged by the South Korean prosecutor's office for violating company regulations and the South Korean law when it ordered and carried out the transfer of SsangYong's proprietary technology developed with South Korean government funding over to SAIC researchers.[25]

In 2010, Daewoo Motor Sales was dropped by General Motors. The long-time dealership partner then signed a deal with the SsangYong Motor Company to supply new vehicles to sell (specifically the Rodius, Chairman W and Chairman H), in return for the injection of ₩20,000,000,000 ($17.6 million) into the car maker still recovering from bankruptcy. The deal is non-exclusive, meaning SsangYong will also sell vehicles through private dealers.[26]

Takeover by Mahindra Automotive

The Tivoli was SsangYong's first new model under Mahindra & Mahindra ownership
SsangYong's Rexton Sports pick-up

In April 2010, the company released a statement citing interest of three to four local and foreign companies in acquiring SsangYong Motor Company, resulting in shares rising by 15%.[27] The companies were later revealed to be Mahindra & Mahindra, Ruia Group, SM Aluminum, Seoul Investments and French-owned Renault Samsung Motors of South Korea.[28][29] In August 2010, Mahindra & Mahindra Limited was chosen as the preferred bidder for SsangYong.[30] The acquisition was completed in February 2011[31][32] and cost Mahindra US$463.6 million.[33]

In 2015, SsangYong launched the Tivoli, its first car after Mahindra acquisition.[34] Within a year of Tivoli's launch, the company reported its first net profit in 9 years.[35] In 2017, SsangYong sold 106,677 units in domestic sales and 37,008 units in exports, setting a record high in 14 years since 2003, when its annual domestic sales stood at 131,283 units. Out of this, the Tivoli alone contributed over 50,000 units of domestic sales for the company.[36] Mahindra XUV300, which was later launched in 2019 is built on Tivoli's platform, sharing many parts including several metal sheets.

Mahindra also worked with its SsangYong subsidiary to introduce high performance electric vehicles in South Korea for mass-market sales.[37] Mahindra and SsangYong increased their collaboration on engines and electric cars.[38]

On 21 December 2020, SsangYong Motor filed for receivership after Mahindra cut funding to SsangYong due to its outstanding debt.[39] Ssang Yong Motor spokesperson stated that the company owes a total of 315.3 billion won (US$285 million) in overdue debt to financial institutions.[40]

Failed takeover by Edison Motors

In October 2021, it was reported that SsangYong was set to be acquired by electric bus and truck maker Edison Motors which would lead to SsangYong exiting receivership. Edison Motors planned to introduce SsangYong vehicles into the United States, Mexico, and Canada markets by the mid-2020s. Edison Motors also intended to phase-out production and new car sales of fossil fuel-powered SsangYong vehicles by 2030, in favor of producing and selling only electric-powered vehicles by the latter, if acquired.[41][42][43][44] In January 2022, the South Korean courts "approved" Edison Motors' acquisition plan, although the company would be kept in receivership until the transaction were completed.[45] In March 2022, SsangYong said the Edison Motors takeover was cancelled as the latter failed making acquisition payments for that month.[46]

In December 2021, SsangYong signed an agreement with the Chinese BYD Auto to co-develop battery systems for its first electric car (called U100) which would be launched in 2023.[47]

Takeover by the KG Group

In June 2022, the Seoul Bankruptcy Court opted for a consortium (KG Mobility) led by the KG Group as the final bidder to take over SsangYong Motor. The consortium planned to pay 900 billion won ($699.5 million) for SsangYong.[48] In August 2022, South Korea's Free Trade Commission approved KG Group acquisition of a 61% majority stake in SsangYong through the consortium.[49][50] The acquisition payments were completed later that month. In September 2022, the Seoul Bankruptcy Court agreed to SsangYong's receivership exit plan, including issuing new shares in order to pay the creditors.[51] The KG Group was set to start the process to exit SsangYong's receivership in early October and finish the acquisition process on (or before) 14 October, the SsangYong sale deadline. There also are plans to rename SsangYong.[49] After delays, the consortium started the receivership exit procedures on 31 October by requesting the receivership termination to the Seoul Bankruptcy Court.[52] The Court approved the receivership exit on 11 November, finalising the consortium's acquisition.[53]

In December 2022, SsangYong's chairman Kwak Jae-sun said it plans to remove the "SsangYong" name entirely in March 2023 by modifying the articles of association. The company is set to be renamed as "KG Mobility", adopting a new branding and using KG as its marque, to avoid the negative perception of the present name,[54] bypassing its "painful image".[55][56]

Facilities

Offices

  • SsangYong Head Office - The Head office located in Pyeongtaek, South Korea. R&D Centre, Design Centre, and other departments are located in the Pyeongtaek office
  • Seoul Office - Department under Head office is located in Yeoksam-dong, Seoul

Factories

  • Pyeongtaek Plant (South Korea) - Main factory. Produces a complete range.
  • Changwon Plant (South Korea) - Engine and parts factory.

Current model lineup

Name Production Notes Image
SUVs
Rexton 2001–present 2nd generation (Y400); also known as G4 Rexton in some market or Mahindra Alturas G4 in India SsangYong Rexton Y450 front.jpg
Tivoli 2015–present SsangYong's first new model under Mahindra & Mahindra ownership[57] 2020 SsangYong Tivoli FL Front.jpg
XLV 2016–present Extended version of the Tivoli; also known as Tivoli Air in South Korea. 2016-03-01 Geneva Motor Show 1262.JPG
Torres 2022–present SsangYong's first mid-sized SUV in South Korea. SsangYong Torres T7 1.5 T-GDI J100 Forrest Green (4).jpg
Korando 1983–2006,
2010–present 		Replaced by the Actyon, revived in late 2010, replaced by the C300 in 2019 SsangYong Korando, GIMS 2019, Le Grand-Saconnex (GIMS1297).jpg
Pickup trucks
Musso (Pickup) 2018–present Replaced the Actyon Sports; also known as Rexton Sports in South Korea 2018 Ssangyong Musso Saracen Automatic 2.2 Front.jpg

Former model lineup

Name Production Notes Image
SUVs
Actyon 2006–2016 Replaced the old Korando SsangYong Actyon facelift 01 Auto China 2014-04-23.jpg
Kyron 2005–2014 SsangYong's first model under SAIC ownership 2010 SsangYong Kyron 2.7 XDI.JPG
Musso 1993–2005 Replaced by the Kyron SsangYong Musso front 20080320.jpg
Korando Family 1988–1995 Based on the Isuzu Trooper Ssangyong Korando Family RX 2.6i 1994 (41986297941).jpg
Pickup trucks
Musso Sports 2002–2005 Replaced by the Actyon Sports 2006 SsangYong Musso Sports utility (2015-07-03) 01.jpg
Actyon Sports 2006–2018 Replaced the Musso Sports; also known as Korando Sports from 2012 Actyon sports 2012.jpg
Vans
Istana 1995–2003 Licensed copy of the Mercedes-Benz MB100 Mercedes-Benz MB140D in Bangkok.jpg
Rodius/Stavic 2004–2019 Also known as Korando Turismo in South Korea. 00 ssangyong korandoturismo 1.jpg
Luxury cars
Chairman W 2008–2017 Was sold alongside the Chairman H 20111014 ssangyong new chairman w 1.jpg
Chairman H 1997–2014 Based on the Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W210) Ssangyong Chairman -- Korea.jpg
Kallista 1992 Rebadged Panther Kallista Panther Kallista white.jpg
Trucks and Buses
DA Truck Based on Nissan Diesel Truck
SY Truck Based on Mercedes-Benz trucks Ssangyong truck.JPG
Transstar Based on Mercedes-Benz buses SsangYong SB85M Transstar.JPG

See also

  • Mahindra Group

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Annual Report 2013. Korean Automobile Industry. Korea Automobile Manufacturers Association. ISBN 978-89-8056-042-4. http://www.kama.or.kr/eng/PS/pdf/Total2013.pdf. Retrieved 2013-08-21. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "2012 Consolidated Financial Statements". SsangYong Motor. http://www.smotor.com/en/ir/fin_info/statements/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2013/05/30/2012_Consolidated_Financial_Statements.pdf. 
  3. ↑ "Ssangyong Motors". http://www.smotor.com/en/overview/history_3.jsp. 
  4. ↑ Dastidar, Surajit Ghosh (2011). "Mahindra and Mahindra's Acquisition of SsangYong Motor Company". Vidwat Journal (EBSCO Publishing) 4 (2): 31–38. ISSN 0975-055X. http://www.dhruvacollege.net/images/stories/vidwat/vidwat%20journal%20vol%204%20iss%202.pdf. Retrieved 2013-08-22.  [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  5. ↑ "SsangYong Motor". http://www.ssangyong.by/ru/ssangyong.html#1984-1993. 
  6. ↑ "SsangYong - República Dominicana - Avelino Abreu SAS". http://www.avelinoabreu.com/index.php/ssangyong. 
  7. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ko). article.joins.com. JoongAng Ilbo. 1981-11-25. http://mnews.joins.com/article/1605598#home. 
  8. ↑ Kim, Joon (22 March 2015). "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ko). biz.khan.co.kr. The Kyunghyang Shinmun. http://biz.khan.co.kr/khan_art_view.html?artid=201503222132235&code=920508. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ko). Encar Magazine. http://magazine.kakao.com/ncarzine/carhistory05. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Ssangyong Motors". http://www.smotor.com/en/overview/history_2.jsp. 
  11. ↑ "Musso-Mercedes match was a rocky road - www.drive.com.au". Drive.com.au. 2000-05-18. http://www.drive.com.au/Editorial/ArticleDetail.aspx?ArticleID=8548&vf=1. 
  12. ↑ David Morley (2000-05-18). "Musso-Mercedes match was a rocky road". Fairfax Media. http://www.drive.com.au/Editorial/ArticleDetail.aspx?ArticleID=8548&vf=1. 
  13. ↑ Jonathan Hawley (2004-07-04). "Old-fashioned values". Fairfax Media. http://www.drive.com.au/Editorial/ArticleDetail.aspx?ArticleID=8117&vf=1. 
  14. ↑ Bruce Newton (2005-05-10). "SsangYong Chairman CM600S". Fairfax Media. http://www.drive.com.au/Editorial/ArticleDetail.aspx?ArticleID=9590&vf=1. 
  15. ↑ Bruce Newton (2006-05-31). "SsangYong Kyron". Fairfax Media. http://www.drive.com.au/Editorial/ArticleDetail.aspx?ArticleID=12193&vf=1. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Ssangyong Motor ends seven-week strike". Financial Times. 2006-08-31. https://www.ft.com/content/6c63def2-38c1-11db-a21d-0000779e2340. 
  17. ↑ "Article from". MarketWatch. 2009-01-09. http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/story.aspx?guid={33388F5B-4074-44B7-ADF7-A2E81E3DD291}&siteid=rss. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "Ssangyong Motor Closes Main Factory Due to Strike" (in en). 2009-05-31. https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/tech/2021/10/693_45996.html. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "IndustriALL and UAW demand justice for Ssangyong workers" (in en). 2012-10-10. http://www.industriall-union.org/industriall-and-uaw-demand-justice-for-ssangyong-workers. 
  20. ↑ "Ssangyong Motors workers on strike in South Korea" (in en-GB). The Guardian. 2009-08-04. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/world/gallery/2009/aug/04/south-korea-automotive-industry. 
  21. ↑ "INSIDE JoongAng Daily". Joongangdaily.joins.com. 2009-08-14. http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2908767. 
  22. ↑ "S.Korea Co Ssangyong Motor Awaits Key Ruling On Turnaround Plan". TradingMarkets.com. http://www.tradingmarkets.com/.site/news/Stock%20News/2730674/.  [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  23. ↑ Sebastian Blanco (2009-10-12). "REPORT: SAIC stole hybrid technology, says Ssangyong". Autoblog Green. http://green.autoblog.com/2009/11/12/report-saic-stole-hybrid-technology-says-ssangyong/. 
  24. ↑ "'먹튀 논란' 상하이車 반박 "쌍용車 주장 근거없어" - 아시아경제". Asiae.co.kr. 16 January 2009. http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2009011607170963927&nvr=y. 
  25. ↑ "쌍용차 기술, 中상하이차로 유출 : : 뉴스 : 동아닷컴". News.donga.com. 2009-11-12. http://news.donga.com/3/all/20091112/24056537/1. 
  26. ↑ "INSIDE JoongAng Daily". Joongangdaily.joins.com. 2010-03-24. http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2918262. 
  27. ↑ Saefong, Myra P. (2010-04-08). "Asia Follows Wall Street Lower". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303720604575170692597890662. 
  28. ↑ "End of speculation: Mahindra enters the fray for ailing Ssangyong Motor | Indian Cars & Motorcycles Blog". Indiancarsbikes.in. 2010-05-17. http://www.indiancarsbikes.in/auto-news/mahindra-buy-korean-ssangyong-motor-company-11167/. 
  29. ↑ "Business finance news - currency market news - online UK currency markets - financial news - Interactive Investor". Iii.co.uk. http://www.iii.co.uk/news/?type=afxnews&articleid=7916589&action=article. 
  30. ↑ "Mahindra chosen preferred bidder for Ssangyong Motors". 2010-08-12. http://sify.com/finance/mahindra-chosen-preferred-bidder-for-ssangyong-motors-news-default-kimq4caaahf.html. 
  31. ↑ Nandini Sen Gupta, TNN, Feb 16, 2011, 12.56am IST (2011-02-16). "M&M seals $470m Ssangyong deal - The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/MM-seals-470m-Ssangyong-deal/articleshow/7505113.cms. 
  32. ↑ "UPDATE: Mahindra Aims To Complete Ssangyong Acquisition In Four Months". The Wall Street Journal. 2010-08-25. https://www.wsj.com/articles/BT-CO-20100825-709193.  [|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  33. ↑ "Mahindra reportedly inks deal to buy Ssangyong for $463M". Autoblog. 23 November 2010. http://www.autoblog.com/2010/11/23/mahindra-reportedly-inks-deal-to-buy-ssangyong-for-463m/. 
  34. ↑ "SsangYong launches its first compact global SUV Tivoli in Korea". https://www.mahindra.com/news-room/press-release/1421153781. 
  35. ↑ "Ssangyong Motor reports first net profits in 9 years" (in en-US). 2017-02-16. http://micro-ssangyong.com/news_and_media/ssangyong-motor-reports-first-net-profits-in-9-years/. 
  36. ↑ "SsangYong Motor Global Sales Record 143,685 vehicles in 2017". https://www.mahindra.com/news-room/press-release/ssangyong-motor-global-sales-record-143685-vehicles-in-2017. 
  37. ↑ GaadiWaadi, Team (2017-12-11). "Mahindra To Help SsangYong In Developing Electrified Vehicles" (in en-US). https://gaadiwaadi.com/mahindra-ssangyong-electric-vehicles-789498/. 
  38. ↑ "Mahindra-SsangYong ties deepen for new engine, platforms and electric cars" (in en). http://www.autocarindia.com/car-news/mahindra-ssangyong-ties-deepen-for-new-engine-platforms-and-electric-cars-404323. 
  39. ↑ "Mahindra's Korean subsidiary Ssangyong Motor files for bankruptcy". https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/mahindra-s-subsidiary-ssangyong-motor-files-for-bankruptcy-applies-for-ars-120122100679_1.html. 
  40. ↑ 최경애 (2020-12-22). "SsangYong Motor owes hefty overdue debt as it files for court receivership" (in en). https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20201222007200320. 
  41. ↑ Posted on October 20, 2021October 22, 2021 (2021-10-20). "SsangYong Set To Be Acquired By Edison Motors". Carscoops. https://www.carscoops.com/2021/10/ssangyong-set-to-be-acquired-by-edison-motors/. Retrieved 2022-04-11. 
  42. ↑ "SsangYong sold to Korean EV startup Edison Motors - Autobala". https://autobala.com/ssangyong-sold-to-korean-ev-startup-edison-motors/218774/. 
  43. ↑ "SsangYong to be sold to Korean EV startup Edison Motors". https://www.motorauthority.com/news/1133930_ssangyong-to-be-sold-to-korean-ev-startup-edison-motors. 
  44. ↑ "Edison Motors Aims to Turn Around SsangYong in 3-5 Years | Be Korea-savvy". Koreabizwire.com. http://koreabizwire.com/edison-motors-aims-to-turn-around-ssangyong-in-3-5-years/202445. Retrieved 2022-04-11. 
  45. ↑ "Court OKs Edison's acquisition of SsangYong". Korea Bizwire. 2022-01-10. http://koreabizwire.com/court-oks-edisons-acquisition-of-ssangyong/208738. 
  46. ↑ "SsangYong Motor back on sale as Edison's acquisition fails". The Investor. 2022-03-29. http://m.theinvestor.co.kr/view.php?ud=20220329000162. 
  47. ↑ Seo, Jin-woo; Lee, Ha-yeon (2021-12-22). "SsangYong Motor joins forces with BYD to gain power to go electric". Pulse. https://m.pulsenews.co.kr/view.php?sc=30800021&year=2021&no=1196072. 
  48. ↑ "South Korean Court Picks KG Group Consortium as Final Bidder for SssangYong Motor". 2022-06-28. https://www.marketwatch.com/amp/story/south-korean-court-picks-kg-group-consortium-as-final-bidder-for-sssangyong-motor-271656404296. 
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 "쌍용차 품은 곽재선 회장, KG색깔 어떻게 입힐까". Newdaily. 2022-09-01. https://biz.newdaily.co.kr/site/data/html/2022/09/01/2022090100106.html. 
  50. ↑ "Regulator approves SsangYong takeover by KG Group". Just Auto. 2022-08-24. https://www.just-auto.com/news/regulator-approves-ssangyong-takeover-by-kg-group/. 
  51. ↑ "Bankruptcy court approves Ssangyong rehabilitation plan". Just Auto. 2022-09-01. https://www.just-auto.com/news/bankruptcy-court-approves-ssangyong-rehabilitation-plan/. 
  52. ↑ Lee, Sang-hyun (2022-10-31). "쌍용차, 서울회생법원에 회생절차 종결 신청". Daily Impact. https://www.dailyimpact.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=87688. 
  53. ↑ Choi, Seong-hook (2022-11-11). "쌍용자동차 19개월 만에 회생절차 종결". Seoul Economic Daily. https://m.sedaily.com/NewsView/26DL2CODCB#cb. 
  54. ↑ Park, Seong-ho (2022-12-22). ""쌍용차 역사 빼고 다 바꾼다"...36년 만에 'KG 모빌리티'로 재탄생". EBN. https://m.ebn.co.kr/news/view/1560097. 
  55. ↑ "SsangYong to change Name To KG Mobility because of 'painful image'". 2023-01-04. https://www.motor1.com/news/629323/ssangyong-changes-name-kg/. 
  56. ↑ "SsangYong Motor To Be Renamed To KG Mobility". 4 January 2023. https://www.carscoops.com/2023/01/ssangyong-motor-to-be-renamed-to-kg-mobility/. 
  57. ↑ Batchelor, James (24 December 2014). "SsangYong reveals Tivoli small SUV in production form". http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/ssangyong/89573/ssangyong-reveals-tivoli-small-suv-in-production-form#ixzz3NySUKEfY. 

External links




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