Company:The Boring Company

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The Boring Company
TypePrivate
IndustryConstruction
FoundedJanuary 11, 2017; 9 years ago (2017-01-11)
FounderElon Musk
HeadquartersBastrop, Texas, United States[1]
Key people
OwnerElon Musk
Number of employees
<400[3] (April 2022)
Websiteboringcompany.com

Template:Elon Musk series The Boring Company (TBC) is an American infrastructure, tunnel construction service, and equipment company founded by Elon Musk. TBC was founded as a subsidiary of SpaceX in 2017, and was spun off as a separate corporation in 2018. TBC has completed multiple test tunnels and one tunneling project that is open to the public.

In 2018, TBC completed one test tunnel in Los Angeles County, California. In 2021, TBC completed the Las Vegas Convention Center (LVCC) Loop, a three-station transportation system with 1.7 miles (2.7 km) of tunnels. As of April 2024, a segment to Resorts World Las Vegas is also open, and tunnels to Encore and Westgate resorts are being finalized. The system is planned to expand to a total of 68 miles (109 km) of tunnels.

Many other TBC projects in cities across the United States were announced, but subsequently became inactive or were canceled.[4][5]

In November 2025 they began to trial self-driving vehicles (which still has a driver ready to take over if need be).[6]

History

Elon Musk discusses the Boring Company at TED 2017.

Musk announced the idea of the Boring Company in December 2016,[7] and it was officially registered as "TBC – The Boring Company" on January 11, 2017.[8] Musk cited difficulty with Los Angeles traffic, and what he sees as limitations of its two-dimensional transportation network, as his early inspiration for the project.[9][10] The Boring Company was formed as a SpaceX subsidiary.[11] According to Musk, the company's goal is to enhance tunneling speed enough such that establishing a tunnel network is financially feasible.[12][13]

Elon Musk speaking at the inauguration of the test tunnel in Hawthorne, California, December 2018

In early 2018, the Boring Company was spun out from SpaceX and into a separate corporate entity.[14] Early employees came from a variety of different backgrounds, including those from SpaceX. The company completed several tests in Hawthorne, California and showcased a test tunnel on December 18, 2018.[15]

After raising US$113 million from Musk himself, supplemented by TBC merchandise sales during 2018,[16] the Boring Company sold $120 million in stock to venture capital firms in July 2019.[17]

By November 2019, Steve Davis had become company president after leading efforts for Musk since 2016. Davis was one of the earliest hires at SpaceX (in 2003) and has twin master's degrees in particle physics and aerospace engineering, as well as degrees in finance and mechanical engineering.[18][19] In November 2020, TBC announced hiring for positions in Austin, Texas, and by December 2020 had leased two buildings in a 14-acre (5.7 ha) industrial complex northeast of Austin, approximately 16 miles (26 km) north of Texas Gigafactory.[20]

On April 20, 2022, the company announced an additional $675 million Series C funding round, valuing the company at approximately $5.675 billion.[4] The round was led by Vy Capital and Sequoia Capital,[4] with participation from Valor Equity Partners, Founders Fund, 8VC, Craft Ventures, and DFJ Growth. In 2022, the company was cited by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality for five violations of Texas environmental regulations.[21]

Sometime before April 2023, the company moved their headquarters and engineering facilities to Bastrop, Texas,[1] approximately 25 miles (40 km) east of Texas Gigafactory.[citation needed]

Promotion

Merchandise

In 2018, the company began offering 20,000 "flamethrowers" for preordering.[22] The "flamethrower" was a blow torch shaped to look like a gun and is legal in all U.S. states except Maryland.[23] All 20,000 "flamethrowers" were sold in just a few days.[24] After customs officials said that they would not allow imports of any items called "flamethrowers", Musk announced that he would rename them to "Not-A-Flamethrower" since the devices were in fact akin to roofing torches. Musk announced separate sales of a fire extinguisher, which he described as "overpriced... but this one comes with a cool sticker".[25]

Not-a-Boring Competition

In 2020, TBC released rules for a student tunnel-boring competition. The first competition was held in Las Vegas in September 2021.[26] Officially named the Not-a-Boring Competition, the challenge was to "quickly and accurately drill a tunnel that was 30 m-long (98 ft) and 30 cm-wide (0.98 ft)".[26]

Applications were received from 400 potential participants. A technical design review left 12 teams that were invited to Las Vegas to demonstrate their engineering solution in a September 2021 competition. The winning team was TUM Boring from Technical University of Munich who managed to excavate a 22 m (72 ft) bore while meeting the requisite safety requirements. TUM Boring used a conventional pipe jacking method to build the tunnel, but employed a novel revolving pipe storage design to minimize downtime between pipe segments.[26]

A second competition was held in April 2023. New contest criteria required a 30 m (98 ft)-long 500 mm (20 in)-diameter, this time with a turn radius. Five teams from four countries—the United States, Germany, United Kingdom, and Switzerland—made the finals and journeyed to Texas to compete. TUM Boring again won with a design that reached a maximum velocity of 7 mm/s (0.28 in/s).[1] Swissloop Tunneling finished second overall and won the innovation award.[27]

Machines

The boring machine in June 2019

The first boring machine used by TBC was Godot, a conventional tunnel boring machine (TBM) made by Lovat.[28][29] The next line of machines were called Prufrock.[30] The company claimed that Prufrock 2, could dig up to a mile per week with the goal to dig up to seven miles per day for the next machine.[31][32] Experts claim Musk appears to be aiming for small diameter tunnels, which save time and money.[30]

Process

Porpoising

Replace tunnel entry and exit excavations by having the TBM "porpoise" in and out of the ground. The TBM is trucked in and placed at an angle to the ground. (Prufrock 2 and 3 required an earthen ramp to set it at the correct angle before beginning to tunnel). It then bores into the ground. It changes angles as it continues boring, eventually returning to the surface and being loaded onto the truck.[33]

In conventional systems, one large excavation is made at the tunnel entrance to allow the TBM to be lowered to the tunnel depth and assembled. A similar excavation is made at the tunnel exit to allow the TBM to be disassembled and lifted out.[33]

Liner truck

TBC moves tunnel lining segments into the tunnel via an all-electric autonomous, wheeled liner truck powered by motors and batteries from Tesla. Conventional systems typically use a diesel rail system, which must be constructed along with the tunnel lining.[34]

Continuous tunneling

TBC is working to install ring liners without stopping tunneling. Conventional systems stop every five feet or so to install another segment of the tunnel lining, and to extend the rail line. The goal is to increase tunneling time/day from 11 hours to 24 hours.[35]

Zero-person-in-tunnel

In 2025 TBC demonstrated a machine that tunneled with no people monitoring/working with it inside the tunnel. The system digs the tunnel, removes the slurry, and installs 12-ton ring cylinders to line the tunnel.[36]

Projects

Hawthorne test tunnel

Tunnel built in Hawthorne, December 2018

TBC built a 1.14-mile (1.83 km) high-speed tunnel in 2017 on a route in Hawthorne, California, at the SpaceX headquarters and manufacturing facility.[37] The tunnel roadway has an asphalt surface, a guide-way for autonomous vehicle operation, and supports car trips at speeds of 90 mph (140 km/h) with autonomous control and up to 116 mph (187 km/h) under human control.[38]

Las Vegas Convention Center (LVCC)

Main article: Engineering:Las Vegas Convention Center Loop

Convention Center

In May 2019, the company won a $48.7 million project to shuttle visitors in a loop underneath the LVCC.[39] Boring of the first tunnel, 4,475 feet (1,364 m) long, began on November 15, 2019, and finished on February 14, 2020, excavating an average of 49 feet (15 m) per day.[40][41] In May 2020, the boring of the second tunnel was completed,[42] for a total of 1.7 miles (2.7 km) of tunnels.[43] The tunnel opened in October 2021.[44] Standard Tesla vehicles with human drivers are used as shuttles, traveling at about 35 miles per hour (56 km/h).[45] The service was described by Las Vegas Tourism as "an important step in the development of a game-changing transportation solution in Las Vegas".[46]

Testing with volunteers in late May 2021 showed that the system could transport 4,400 passengers per hour.[47] The system started transporting convention attendees on June 8, 2021.[48] Designed to solve traffic congestion, the tunnel was intended to provide trips of less than two minutes,[49] but has faced a number of traffic jams during busy events in 2021 and 2022.[44][50][51][52]

Private tunnels to convention center

The tunnel to Resorts World Las Vegas opened in July 2022.[53][54] As of April 2024, Las Vegas strip hotel Encore has a private tunnel underway to allow direct access from the hotel to LVCC.[55]

Vegas Loop

In October 2021, Clark County Commissioners approved a 50-year franchise agreement for a 52-stop, mostly-underground system, a "16-mile (26 km) dual loop system...operating mainly in the Resort Corridor with stations at various resorts and connections to Allegiant Stadium, Brightline West Las Vegas Station, and the University of Nevada, Las Vegas".[56] TBC planned to build five to ten stations during the first year, and then add approximately 16 stations per year thereafter.[56] TBC was responsible for funding the tunnel, while station costs would be funded by the resort properties and landowners.[57]

In May 2023, TBC was given permission to build the Vegas Loop underground transportation system to 69 stations for a tunnel network of 65 miles (105 km).[58][59][60] It would include the existing LVCC Loop and extensions to casinos along the Strip, Harry Reid International Airport, Allegiant Stadium, and downtown Las Vegas. TBC claims that once complete, the Vegas Loop would be able to transport more than 90,000 passengers per hour.[61]

Due to operational expenses, it is probable that the Boring Company is subsidizing the Loop to keep customer prices low. A day pass from Resorts World costs $5, while the LVCVA is paying the Boring Company an additional $4.5 million annually, which equates to $7.50 per ride.[62]

In February 2024, Nevada Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) found several safety violations at TBC, and fined it $112,000.[63] The violations included eight serious violations from June to October 2023 and allegations that workers have faced chemical burns from sludge while working in the tunnels.[63] Numerous employee accounts described the working conditions as "almost unbearable".[64] The company challenged the ruling.[63]

In March 2024, the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority board of directors voted to extend the existing tunnel, and vowed to address concerns that arose over the OSHA violations.[65][66]

In April 2024, the Boring Company work in Las Vegas was named among the "Dirty Dozen", the worst workplace safety offenders in the US, by the National Council for Occupational Safety and Health.[67]

On May 28, 2025, Nevada's occupational safety agency fined the company $400,000, after two firefighters who were in Loop tunnels during a training exercise endured chemical burns. The fines were "summarily rescinded" the following day, at a meeting of Boring president Steve Davis with "high-ranking state officials".[68]

On October 28, 2025, Boring was served a notice of violation and fined close to $500,000 for "dumping apparent drill fluid" into the sewer system of the Clark County Water Reclamation District, beginning April 21, 2025.[69]

Dubai Loop

In February 2025, the Boring Company and Roads & Transport Authority (Dubai) announced an agreement to build the Dubai Loop in the United Arab Emirates. According to the memorandum of understanding, the pilot phase will include 11 stations over 17 kilometres (11 mi) under the most congested areas of Dubai, transporting 20,000 passengers per hour at speeds up to 160 km/h (99 mph). The loop is planned to expand to handle 100,000 passengers per hour. No timeline was given.[70]

Music City Loop

On July 28, 2025, the company announced it would construct an approximately 10 mi (16 km) tunnel in Nashville, Tennessee, between the Nashville International Airport and downtown Nashville called the Music City Loop. The tunnel is planned to be completed by the fall of 2026 at the earliest.[71][72][73]

Other

Inquiries and discussions have been held with the Boring Company for various projects.

In February 2021, Miami mayor Francis Suarez revealed that Musk had proposed to dig a two-mile tunnel under the Miami River for $30 million, within a six-month timescale, compared with $1 billion over four years estimated by the local transit authority. Much of the savings would be achieved by simplifying ventilation systems and allowing only electric vehicles.[74] As of November 2023, the city is waiting for the Miami Dade Transportation Planning Organization to complete an analysis of the project.[75]

In August 2021, a preliminary concept discussion was held with officials of Cameron County on the potential construction of a tunnel from South Padre Island to Boca Chica Beach in South Texas. If built, the tunnel would be required to pass beneath the Brownsville Ship Channel.[76] It would allow SpaceX's facilities at Starbase to remain accessible if Highway 4, its sole access road, was closed.[77]

Inactive and cancelled projects

United States

Washington, DC to Baltimore, Maryland

In 2017, Musk announced plans to build a Hyperloop connecting Washington, DC to Baltimore.[78] This was supplanted in 2018 by a proposal to build a route following the Baltimore–Washington Parkway.[79] The Maryland Transportation Authority officially approved the project.[80] In 2019, a draft Environmental Assessment for the project was completed.[81] As of 2021, the project was no longer listed on the company website, the federal government had received no indication the company wanted to move forward, TBC dropped a Maryland lobbyist it had hired for the project, and the company declined to comment on the project.[82]

Chicago, Illinois

In 2018, the company won a bid to build a high-speed link from downtown Chicago to O'Hare Airport, to be known as the Chicago Express Loop.[83][84][85] As of 2021, the plan had been dropped.[86]

Los Angeles, California

In 2018, TBC proposed to develop a 2.7-mile-long (4.3 km) test tunnel on a north–south alignment parallel to Interstate 405 and adjacent to Sepulveda Boulevard.[87]: 25:50  Public opposition and lawsuits led the company to abandon the idea.[88][89] Also in 2018, the company proposed to build a 3.6-mile (5.8 km) tunnel called the "Dugout Loop" from Vermont Avenue to Dodger Stadium. As of June 2021, the project had been removed from TBC's website.[86]

San Jose, California

In 2019, a link between San Jose International Airport and Diridon station, was discussed as an alternative to an $800 million traditional rail link.[90] Plans were later dropped.[91]

San Bernardino County, California

In February 2021, the San Bernardino County Transportation Authority (SBCTA) in California approved beginning contract negotiations with TBC to build a nearly 4-mile (6.4 km) tunnel connecting the Ontario airport with the Rancho Cucamonga Metrolink/Future Brightline West train station.[92] However, TBC did not submit a proposal after a third party was involved to study the project impacts.[93] As of 2022, the SBCTA has plans to build the tunnel system using "another company more familiar with the state's bureaucracy to do the Environmental Impact Report".[94]

Fort Lauderdale, Florida

In July 2021, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, accepted a proposal from the Boring Company for a tunnel between downtown and the beach, to be dubbed the "Las Olas Loop".[95] In August 2021, the city was beginning final negotiations with TBC,[96] and Mayor Dean Trantalis estimated the total cost of the 5-mile (8.0 km) round-trip tunnel would be between $90 and $100 million, including stations.[97] As of December 2022, the city suspended efforts to continue the project.[75]

San Antonio, Texas

Bexar County selected The Boring Company to build a transit link between downtown San Antonio, Texas and San Antonio International Airport in March 2022, but was then "ghosted" by the company.[98]

Australia

Blue Mountains

In January 2019, Musk responded to a tweet by an Australian member of parliament regarding a tunnel through the Blue Mountains to the west of Sydney, suggesting costs of $750 million for a 31-mile (50 km) tunnel, plus $50 million per station.[99] New South Wales' transportation department found that based on the cost of the Hawthorne tunnel, the estimated cost would be closer to $6 billion.[100][101] Work on the tunnel does not appear to have progressed beyond Musk's initial tweet, and is not listed on the company's website.

Criticism

Civil engineering experts and tunneling industry veterans questioned whether TBC could render tunnels faster and cheaper than competitors. Tunnelling Journal dismissed the company as a "vanity project".[102] The low capacity of TBC tunnels make them inefficient compared to existing public transit, with only a fraction of the capacity of a conventional rapid-transit subway.[103][104][105][106]

Musk's planned tunnels were criticized for lacking such safety features as emergency exit corridors, ventilation systems, or fire suppression. In addition, the single lane tunnels left it impossible for vehicles to pass one another in the event of collision, mechanical failure, or other traffic obstruction, and instead would shut down the entire tunnel section.[107][108]

James Moore, director of transportation engineering at the University of Southern California, said that "there are cheaper ways to provide better transportation for large numbers of people", such as managing traffic with tolls.[106] Public transit consultant Jarrett Walker called TBC "wildly hyped", and criticized how the company "dazzled city governments and investors with visions of an efficient subway where you never have to get out of your car, [but turned] out to be a paved road tunnel".[105][109]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Technical University of Munich team secures second tunnelling win in Elon Musk's Not-a-Boring-Competition". New Civil Engineer. 3 April 2023. https://www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/technical-university-of-munich-team-secures-second-tunnelling-win-in-elon-musks-not-a-boring-competition-03-04-2023/. Retrieved 19 June 2023. 
  2. ↑ Holmes, Aaron; Tabahriti, Sam (December 24, 2022). "The CEO of Elon Musk's Boring Company who reportedly slept at Twitter HQ with his wife and baby once owned a bar called 'Thomas Foolery'". https://www.businessinsider.com/steve-davis-boring-company-elon-musk-career-bio-2019-11. 
  3. ↑ "[Exclusive Elon Musk: A future worth getting excited about – TED – Tesla Gigafactory interview"]. TED. April 17, 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YRvf00NooN8&t=3370s. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2  , Wikidata Q115488224
  5. ↑ "The Boring Company" (in en-US). https://www.boringcompany.com/. 
  6. ↑ Akers, Mick (November 10, 2025). "Boring Co. Vegas Loop: Hop in and ride a self-driving Tesla through tunnels". Las Vegas Review-Journal. https://www.reviewjournal.com/news/news-columns/road-warrior/boring-co-vegas-loop-whats-it-like-to-take-a-self-driving-tesla-through-the-tunnel-system-3535590/. 
  7. ↑ Gajanan, Mahita (2016-12-18). "Elon Musk's Next Venture to Tackle Traffic Is Totally 'Boring'". https://fortune.com/2016/12/18/elon-musk-traffic-boring/. 
  8. ↑ "TBC – THE BORING COMPANY". 2017-01-11. https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_de/6279803. 
  9. ↑ Chafkin, Max (February 16, 2017). "Elon Musk Is Really Boring". Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2017-02-16/elon-musk-is-really-boring. 
  10. ↑ Peyser, Eve (January 30, 2017). "Elon Musk on Digging Big-Ass Tunnel: 'We Have No Idea What We're Doing'". Gizmodo. https://gizmodo.com/elon-musk-on-digging-big-ass-tunnel-we-have-no-idea-wh-1791803837. 
  11. ↑ Agenda Item No. 9, City of Hawthorne City Council, Agenda Bill , 11 September 2018, Planning & Community Development Department, City of Hawthorne. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  12. ↑ Thompson, Avery (February 16, 2017). "Elon Musk Is Really Making a Boring Company". http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/infrastructure/a25257/elon-musk-boring-company/. 
  13. ↑ Heathman, Amelia (in en-Glenn Beck). Elon Musk's boring machine has already built a 'test trench' in Hawthorne, CA. UK. https://www.wired.co.uk/article/elon-musk-tunnel-boring. Retrieved February 19, 2017. 
  14. ↑ Copeland, Rob (17 December 2018). "Elon Musk's New Boring Co. Faced Questions Over SpaceX Financial Ties". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/elon-musks-new-boring-co-faced-questions-over-spacex-financial-ties-11545078371. "When the Boring Co. was earlier this year spun into its own firm, more than 90% of the equity went to Mr. Musk and the rest to early employees, ... The Boring Co. has since given some equity to SpaceX as compensation for the help, ... about 6% of Boring stock, "based on the value of land, time and other resources contributed since creation of the company"." 
  15. ↑ Lekach, Sasha (December 7, 2018). "In true Musk fashion, Boring Company test tunnel opening pushed back a week". https://mashable.com/article/elon-musk-boring-company-test-tunnel-postponed/. 
  16. ↑ "Elon Musk's Boring Co. Raises $120 Million in First Outside Investment" (in en). Bloomberg.com. 2019-07-25. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-07-25/elon-musk-s-boring-co-raises-120-million-in-first-outside-investment. 
  17. ↑ Khalid, Amrita (June 26, 2019). "Elon Musk's Boring Co. raises $120 million in outside funding" (in en). Engadget. https://www.engadget.com/2019/07/25/elon-musk-raises-120-million-boring-co/. 
  18. ↑ McBride, Sarah (15 November 2019). "Elon Musk's Boring Co. Is Run by a Former Bar Owner Who Can Quote Ayn Rand". Bloomberg News. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-15/elon-musk-s-boring-co-is-run-by-a-former-bar-owner-who-can-quote-ayn-rand. 
  19. ↑ Vance, Ashlee (2017). Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future (2nd ed.). New York: Ecco. ISBN 978-0-06-230125-3. 
  20. ↑ Hardison, Kathryn (15 December 2020). "Elon Musk's The Boring Co. grabs industrial space in Pflugerville, documents show". Austin Business Journal. https://www.bizjournals.com/austin/news/2020/12/15/elon-musks-boring-co-leases-space-in-pflugerville.html. 
  21. ↑ Girtman, Taylor (2023-04-05). "Boring Company cited for 3 more TCEQ violations at Bastrop facility" (in en-US). https://www.kxan.com/news/texas/boring-company-cited-for-3-more-tceq-violations-at-bastrop-facility/. 
  22. ↑ Horowitz, Julia (2018-01-28). "Elon Musk's Boring Company is now raising money by selling flamethrowers". https://money.cnn.com/2018/01/28/news/musk-boring-company-flamethrowers/index.html. 
  23. ↑ "Timeout everyone. Y'all know that Musk's $500 'flamethrower' is literally a Boring blowtorch?". Situation Publishing. https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/01/29/musk_flamethrower_boring/. 
  24. ↑ Gibbs, Samuel (2018-02-01). "Elon Musk sells all 20,000 Boring Company 'flamethrowers'". https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/feb/01/elon-musk-sells-out-boring-company-flamethrowers-fire. 
  25. ↑ "California politician will seek sale ban on Elon Musk's Boring Company flamethrower". The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2018/1/29/16948090/elon-musk-boring-company-flamethrower-california-sales-ban-miguel-santiago. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Paleja, Ameya (23 September 2021). "Musk's Boring Company Announces Not-a-Boring Competition Winner". Interesting Engineering. https://interestingengineering.com/musks-boring-company-announces-not-a-boring-competition-winner. 
  27. ↑ Numbers, the (2023-04-13). "Swiss Hyperloop Team wins top prize for Innovation at "Not-A-Boring Competition"". https://www.ajot.com/news/swiss-hyperloop-team-wins-top-prize-for-innovation-at-not-a-boring-competition. 
  28. ↑ Wattles, Jackie (2017-07-08). "All the quirky details you need to know about Elon Musk's Boring company". https://money.cnn.com/2017/07/08/technology/future/elon-musk-boring-company/index.html. 
  29. ↑ Loveday, Steven (2017-08-13). "Yet Another Boring Backstory". https://insideevs.com/news/332635/yet-another-boring-backstory/. 
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Marshall, Aarian (2018-06-14). "Elon Musk's Boring Company Wins a Big Boring Contract in Chicago". Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/elon-musk-boring-company-contract-chicago/. Retrieved 2023-08-07. 
  31. ↑ Dent, Steve (April 21, 2022). "Elon Musk's Boring Company plans to 'significantly' expand after funding round" (in en-US). https://www.engadget.com/elon-musks-boring-company-plans-to-significantly-expand-after-funding-round-124527584.html. 
  32. ↑ Calin, Razvan (2022-10-22). "Elon Musk's Prufrock Makes Boring Exciting With Porpoise-Style, Purpose-Driven Drills" (in en). https://www.autoevolution.com/news/elon-musk-s-prufrock-makes-boring-exciting-with-porpoise-style-purpose-driven-drills-201894.html. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Karen, Ashley (2023-05-21). "Six Ways Tunnel Boring Machines are Evolving" (in en-US). https://tunnelingworld.com/news/six-ways-tunnel-boring-machines-are-evolving/. 
  34. ↑ Wang, Brian (2024-03-06). "Boring Company Speeds Up Tunneling. Vegas Loop Tunnels Could Finish in 2025". https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2024/03/boring-company-speeds-up-tunneling-vegas-tunnels-could-finish-in-2025.html. 
  35. ↑ Wang, Brian (2024-08-15). "Boring Company Path to Continuous Tunneling | NextBigFuture.com" (in en-US). https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2024/08/boring-company-path-to-continuous-tunneling.html. 
  36. ↑ Musk, Gear (2025-05-13). The Boring Company technique they've dubbed "Zero-People-in-Tunnel" (ZPIT). Retrieved 2025-11-25 – via YouTube.
  37. ↑ Geuss, Megan (2018-12-19). "Ars takes a first tour of the length of The Boring Company's test tunnel" (in en-us). https://arstechnica.com/cars/2018/12/ars-takes-a-first-tour-of-the-length-of-the-boring-companys-test-tunnel/. 
  38. ↑ Watch Tesla Model 3 go through Elon Musk's Boring Company now paved tunnel at 116 mph , 21 June 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
  39. ↑ Bliss, Laura (2019-05-29). "Elon Musk's $49 Million Las Vegas Loop Makes Perfect Sense – for Las Vegas". https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-29/las-vegas-to-elon-musk-tesla-tunnel-we-ll-take-2. 
  40. ↑ "Boring Company's Las Vegas Tunnel Excavation Has Finally Been Completed" (in en-US). 2020-02-17. https://interestingengineering.com/boring-companys-las-vegas-tunnel-excavation-has-finally-been-completed. 
  41. ↑ Velotta, Richard N. (2020-02-14). "1st tunnel completed for Las Vegas Convention Center's people-mover". https://www.reviewjournal.com/business/tourism/1st-tunnel-completed-for-las-vegas-convention-centers-people-mover-1957613/. 
  42. ↑ O'Kane, Sean (2020-05-14). "Elon Musk's Boring Company finishes digging Las Vegas tunnels" (in en). https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/14/21257849/elon-musk-boring-company-las-vegas-tunnel-finished-digging. 
  43. ↑ Reilly, Claire. "Elon Musk's Boring Loop transports first passengers in Vegas" (in en). https://www.cnet.com/news/elon-musks-boring-loop-is-finally-transporting-passengers-in-las-vegas/. 
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 Cao, Sissi (2021-06-10). "Elon Musk's Vegas Boring Tunnel Is a Disappointment, But Cities Are Eager to Have It". https://observer.com/2021/06/elon-musk-boring-company-open-vegas-tunnel-experts-skeptic/. 
  45. ↑ Vaughn, Mark (2021-04-12). "Elon Musk's Boring Company Completes First Mile-Long Vegas Tunnel" (in en-US). https://www.autoweek.com/news/industry-news/a36090539/elon-musk-boring-company-first-mile/. 
  46. ↑ Hahn, Jennifer (2022-07-01). "Elon Musk's The Boring Company opens first station in expanded Las Vegas transit tunnel system" (in en). https://www.dezeen.com/2022/07/01/vegas-loop-boring-company-station-opening-news/. 
  47. ↑ Wang, Brian (2021-05-29). "Vegas Boring Loop Surpasses 4400 Passengers Per Hour Target in Testing". https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2021/05/vegas-boring-loop-surpasses-4400-passengers-per-hour-target-in-testing.html. 
  48. ↑ Velotta, Richard N. (2021-06-08). "Boring Co.'s underground loop begins moving customers in Las Vegas" (in en-US). Las Vegas Review-Journal. https://www.reviewjournal.com/business/conventions/world-of-concrete/boring-co-s-underground-loop-begins-moving-customers-in-las-vegas-2373190/. 
  49. ↑ "Elon Musk firm proposing 'Vegas Loop' tunnel people mover". 2020-10-14. https://apnews.com/article/technology-las-vegas-elon-musk-spacex-c742550d37eb452d09ef467bf7953da4. 
  50. ↑ "Elon Musk's The Boring Company opens first station in expanded Las Vegas transit tunnel system" (in en). 2022-07-01. https://www.dezeen.com/2022/07/01/vegas-loop-boring-company-station-opening-news/. 
  51. ↑ Cole, Samantha (2022-01-07). "Traffic Jams Are Possible in Elon Musk's Tunnels, Apparently". https://www.vice.com/en/article/traffic-jams-are-possible-in-elon-musks-tunnels-apparently/. 
  52. ↑ Kilander, Gustaf (2022-01-07). "Elon Musk's 'Vegas Loop' called a 'death trap' as traffic piles up". https://www.independent.co.uk/tech/elon-musk-vegas-loop-traffic-b1988974.html. 
  53. ↑ Lilly, Caitlin (2020-06-09). "Resorts World, Wynn Las Vegas submit plans for passenger stations for Boring Company's underground people mover". https://www.fox5vegas.com/news/resorts-world-wynn-las-vegas-submit-plans-for-passenger-stations-for-boring-companys-underground-people/article_87764e4a-aa73-11ea-b006-2366fa12538b.html. 
  54. ↑ Akers, Mick (2020-06-09). "Underground people mover ready to expand to Strip resorts". https://www.reviewjournal.com/business/tourism/underground-people-mover-ready-to-expand-to-strip-resorts-2049071/. 
  55. ↑ Akers, Mick (2024-04-15). "Vegas Loop begins boring operations for station near UNLV" (in en-US). https://www.reviewjournal.com/news/news-columns/road-warrior/vegas-loop-begins-boring-operations-for-station-near-unlv-3033992/. 
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 Akers, Mick (20 October 2021). "Underground travel in Strip, stadium areas moves closer to reality". Las Vegas Review-Journal. https://www.reviewjournal.com/local/traffic/underground-travel-in-strip-stadium-areas-moves-closer-to-reality-2463119/. 
  57. ↑ Underground people mover could link to Allegiant Stadium next year , Las Vegas Review-Journal, 10 June 2021
  58. ↑ "Expanded Vegas Loop plans advance with commission approval". Las Vegas Sun. 13 June 2023. https://lasvegassun.com/news/2023/jun/13/vegas-loop-plans-expand-further-with-green-light-f/. 
  59. ↑ "Vegas Loop expansion: County approves plan to build 69 underground stations". 5 May 2023. https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boring-company-expand-vegas-loop. 
  60. ↑ "Elon Musk's The Boring Company seeks to double the size of its Vegas Loop". 21 March 2023. https://techcrunch.com/2023/03/21/elon-musks-the-boring-company-seeks-to-double-the-size-of-its-vegas-loop/. 
  61. ↑ Bellan, Rebecca (2023-05-03). "Musk's The Boring Company to expand Vegas Loop to 18 new stations". https://techcrunch.com/2023/05/03/musks-the-boring-company-to-expand-vegas-loop-to-18-new-stations/. 
  62. ↑ "There's trouble below at Elon Musk's Boring Co.". 2023-11-20. https://fortune.com/2023/11/20/elon-musk-boring-company-las-vegas-tunnels-former-employee-interviews/. 
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 63.2 Lane, Tiffany (2024-02-27). "Nevada OSHA finds multiple safety violations at Elon Musk's Boring Company tunnel worksite" (in en). https://news3lv.com/news/local/nevada-osha-finds-multiple-safety-violations-at-elon-musks-boring-company-tunnel-worksite. 
  64. ↑ "'We have consistently flirted with death': Elon Musk wanted the Boring Co. to build a tunnel system below Las Vegas. Former employees say they feared for their lives while working there.". 2024-02-27. https://fortune.com/2024/02/27/flirted-death-elon-musk-boring-company-employees-injuries-osha-citations/. 
  65. ↑ Nomura, Andrew (2024-03-12). "Elon Musk's Vegas Loop extension greenlit despite OSHA fines and worker concerns". https://news3lv.com/news/local/lvcva-votes-extend-vegas-loop-amid-workplace-concerns. 
  66. ↑ "The CEO of the Las Vegas agency behind Boring Company's first tunnel system says his team will be 'more involved' after safety incidents". 2024-03-12. https://fortune.com/2024/03/12/ceo-las-vegas-agency-boring-company-safety-tunnels/. 
  67. ↑ Gentry, Dana (April 30, 2024). "Musk's Boring Company makes list of 'Dirty Dozen' workplace safety offenders". Nevada Current. https://nevadacurrent.com/briefs/musks-boring-company-makes-list-of-dirty-dozen-workplace-safety-offenders/. 
  68. ↑ Mathews, Jessica; Schwartz, Leo (2025-11-12). "Two firefighters suffered chemical burns in a Boring Co. tunnel. Then the Nevada Governor's office got involved, and the penalties disappeared". https://fortune.com/2025/11/12/elon-musk-boring-company-tunnels-injuries-osha-citations-fines-rescinded-nevada-governor-office-documents-altered/. 
  69. ↑ Akers, Mick (2025-11-13). "'Brazen refusal to stop': Musk's Boring Co. fined nearly $500K for illegal dumping". https://www.reviewjournal.com/news/politics-and-government/clark-county/clark-county-fines-boring-co-nearly-500k-for-illegal-dumping-3568600/. 
  70. ↑ Choukeir, Jana; Saba, Yousef (14 February 2025). "Elon Musk company signs preliminary agreement on Dubai Loop project". https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/dubai-signs-deal-dubai-loop-project-with-elon-musks-infrastructure-firm-2025-02-14/. 
  71. ↑ Hitson, Hadley; Dyos, Stuart (July 28, 2025). "Tennessee plans tunnel to Nashville airport with Elon Musk's Boring Company". The Tennessean (Nashville). https://www.tennessean.com/story/money/2025/07/28/nashville-airport-tunnel-elon-musk-boring-co/85330400007/. 
  72. ↑ Baird, Brittney (July 28, 2025). "Elon Musk to install 'Music City Loop' tunnel from BNA to downtown Nashville". WKRN (Nashville). https://www.wkrn.com/news/local-news/nashville/elon-musk-tunnel-bna-airport/. 
  73. ↑ "Gov. Lee, The Boring Company Unveil Transformative Underground Music City Loop Project" (Press release). Nashville: Office of the Governor of Tennessee. July 28, 2025. Retrieved July 29, 2025.
  74. ↑ Wile, Rob; Flechas, Joey (February 5, 2021). "Elon Musk tells Suarez he's interested in a tunnel for electric vehicles under Brickell Ave. Bridge". Miami Herald. https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/article249037895.html. 
  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 Portero, Ashley (November 2, 2023). "What happened to the Boring Company tunnels pitched for South Florida?". https://www.bizjournals.com/southflorida/news/2023/11/02/boring-tunnels-south-florida-elon-musk.html. 
  76. ↑ Clark, Steve (August 22, 2021). "SPI-to-Boca Chica tunnel? Musk's Boring Company floats idea". RGV News. https://myrgv.com/local-news/2021/08/22/spi-to-boca-chica-tunnel-musks-boring-company-floats-idea/. 
  77. ↑ Davila, Gaige (2021-08-29). "Tunnel from Isla Blanca to Boca Chica proposed by Musk-owned company". https://www.portisabelsouthpadre.com/2021/08/29/tunnel-from-isla-blanca-to-boca-chica-proposed-by-musk-owned-company/. 
  78. ↑ Wong, Julia Carrie; Levin, Sam (20 July 2017). "Elon Musk: I got 'government approval' for New York-DC Hyperloop. Officials: no he didn't". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jul/20/elon-musk-hyperloop-verbal-government-approval. 
  79. ↑ LeBeau, Phil (2019-04-18). "Musk's Boring Company pushes aggressive Baltimore-to-D.C. tunnel plan despite skeptics" (in en). https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/18/musks-boring-company-pushes-baltimore-dc-tunnel-plan-despite-skeptics.html. 
  80. ↑ Muoio, Danielle. "Maryland's Governor said to 'get ready' for Elon Musk's Hyperloop that will connect Baltimore and Washington D.C." (in en-US). https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-hyperloop-maryland-larry-hogan-boring-company-2017-10. 
  81. ↑ Snyder, Tanya (2019-04-17). "Elon Musk's D.C.-to-Baltimore 'loop' leaps an early milestone". https://www.politico.com/story/2019/04/17/elon-musk-dc-baltimore-loop-1279708. 
  82. ↑ Duncan, Ian. "Elon Musk's Boring Company removes D.C.-Baltimore tunnel from list of projects on website" (in en-US). The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/elon-musk-hyperloop/2021/04/16/b340314e-9edd-11eb-9d05-ae06f4529ece_story.html. 
  83. ↑ "O'Hare Express competition down to two – and Elon Musk is one of them". Chicago Sun-Times. https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/ohare-express-competition-down-to-two-and-elon-musk-is-one-of-them/. 
  84. ↑ "Elon Musk's Boring Co. Wins Chicago Airport High-Speed Train Bid". June 14, 2018. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-14/elon-musk-s-boring-co-wins-chicago-airport-high-speed-train-bid. 
  85. ↑ Geuss, Megan (14 June 2018). "Chicago selects Elon Musk's Boring Company to build express line from O'Hare". Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/cars/2018/06/chicago-selects-elon-musks-boring-company-to-build-express-line-from-ohare/. 
  86. ↑ 86.0 86.1 Farivar, Cyrus (8 June 2021). "Fort Lauderdale officials say Elon Musk's new tunnel to the beach can't come fast enough". NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/urban-tunnels-musk-s-boring-co-draw-industry-skepticism-n1269677. 
  87. ↑ Elon Musk, Steve Davis. The Boring Company Information Session (video). Leo Baeck Temple, Los Angeles, California: The Boring Company. Archived from the original on May 20, 2018. Retrieved May 20, 2018 – via YouTube.
  88. ↑ "Elon Musk's Boring Co. drops LA Westside tunnel plan". TechCrunch. 28 November 2018. https://techcrunch.com/2018/11/28/elon-musks-boring-co-drops-la-westside-tunnel-plan/. 
  89. ↑ Ho, Vivian (2018-11-29). "Elon Musk scraps plans for Los Angeles tunnel after lawsuit settlement" (in en-GB). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/nov/28/elon-musk-underground-tunnel-los-angeles-lawsuit. 
  90. ↑ Deruy, Emily (February 5, 2019). "San Jose: Mayor in talks with Elon Musk's Boring Company for airport tunnel". The Mercury News. https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/02/05/san-jose-mayor-in-talks-with-elon-musks-boring-company/. 
  91. ↑ Kay, Grace. "Elon Musk's The Boring Company was launched after traffic was driving the founder 'nuts'" (in en-US). https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-the-boring-company. 
  92. ↑ "Ontario airport tunnel project by Elon Musk moves to next phase" (in en-US). 2021-02-05. https://www.dailybulletin.com/2021/02/04/ontario-airport-tunnel-project-by-elon-musk-moves-to-next-phase. 
  93. ↑ "Elon Musk might not build tunnel to Ontario Airport after all" (in en-US). 2022-07-19. https://www.dailybulletin.com/2022/07/19/elon-musk-may-not-build-tunnel-to-ontario-airport-after-all/. 
  94. ↑ "San Bernardino County moving ahead with tunnel project, with or without Elon Musk technology" (in en). 2022-07-29. https://abc7.com/rancho-cucamonga-metrolink-station-ontario-tunnel-project-airport-elon-musk/12080190/. 
  95. ↑ McFarland, Matt (July 7, 2021). "Fort Lauderdale accepts proposal for Elon Musk's Tesla beach tunnel". https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/07/tech/musk-boring-fort-lauderdale/index.html. 
  96. ↑ "Elon Musk's Boring Co. Nears Deal to Build Tunnel in Florida" (in en). Bloomberg.com. 2021-08-31. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-08-31/elon-musk-s-boring-co-nears-deal-to-build-tunnel-in-florida. 
  97. ↑ "Fort Lauderdale's Mayor On The Tesla Tunnel That Could Be Coming To The City" (in en). 2021-08-23. https://www.wlrn.org/news/2021-08-23/fort-lauderdales-mayor-on-the-tesla-tunnel-that-could-be-coming-to-the-city. 
  98. ↑ Biediger, Shari (January 30, 2025). "Elon Musk's Boring Company 'ghosted' San Antonio on transit tunnel plan". https://sanantonioreport.org/san-antonio-airport-downtown-tunnel-elon-musk-boring-company/. 
  99. ↑ Connellan, Shannon (January 18, 2019). "Elon Musk does the math on another massive tunnel". Mashable. https://mashable.com/article/elon-musk-tunnel-australia/. 
  100. ↑ Weir, Ben; O'Sullivan, Matt (2019-01-17). "Public servants run the numbers over Musk's 'bargain' Blue Mountains tunnel" (in en). https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/public-servants-run-the-numbers-over-musk-s-bargain-blue-mountains-tunnel-20190117-p50rzp.html. 
  101. ↑ "Tunnel experts dismiss Elon Musk's Blue Mountains plan as 'Alice in Wonderland stuff'" (in en-AU). ABC News. 2019-01-17. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-01-18/elon-musk-tunnel-idea-killed-off-by-engineers/10722930. 
  102. ↑ "Fort Lauderdale officials say Elon Musk's new tunnel to the beach can't come fast enough". 2021-06-08. https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/urban-tunnels-musk-s-boring-co-draw-industry-skepticism-n1269677. 
  103. ↑ Tinoco, Matt (2017-12-18). "5 reasons why experts are so skeptical of Elon Musk's solution for LA traffic" (in en). https://la.curbed.com/2017/12/18/16748436/elon-musk-tunnels-los-angeles-criticism-explained. 
  104. ↑ Hawkins, Andrew J. (2018-01-23). "The Boring Company's plan to dig a longer tunnel under Los Angeles is up in the air" (in en). https://www.theverge.com/2018/1/23/16923220/boring-company-culver-city-council-tunnel-la. 
  105. ↑ 105.0 105.1 "Why Write About Elon Musk?" (in en-US). 2019-05-25. https://humantransit.org/2019/05/why-write-about-elon-musk.html. 
  106. ↑ 106.0 106.1 Penn, Ivan (2018-12-19). "It's Showtime for Elon Musk's Boring Co., With a Long Way to Go" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/18/business/boring-company-elon-musk-tunnel.html. 
  107. ↑ "Tunnelling Journal April / May 2021" (in en-GB). https://tunnellingjournal.com/archive/tunnelling-journal-april-2021-may-2021/. 
  108. ↑ Walker, Alissa (2020-01-08). "Stop calling Elon Musk's Boring tunnel public transit" (in en). https://archive.curbed.com/2020/1/8/21046929/elon-musk-ces-vegas-boring-company. 
  109. ↑ Tangermann, Victor (2023-11-29). "In Seven Years, Elon Musk's Boring Company Has Only Drilled 2.4 Miles of Tunnel". https://futurism.com/the-byte/seven-years-elon-musk-boring-company. 



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