Company:The Boring Company

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Short description: American infrastructure and tunneling company
TBC – The Boring Company
TypePrivate
IndustryGeotechnical engineering
Subterranean product development
Construction
Construction equipment manufacturing
FoundedJanuary 11, 2017; 7 years ago (2017-01-11)
FounderElon Musk
HeadquartersBastrop, Texas, U.S.[1]
Key people
Steve Davis (CEO and President)[2]
Products
  • Las Vegas Convention center loop
  • Boring Test Tunnel
OwnerElon Musk
Number of employees
<200[3] (April 2022)
Websiteboringcompany.com

The Boring Company (TBC) is an American infrastructure, tunnel construction services, and equipment company founded by Elon Musk. TBC was founded as a subsidiary of SpaceX in 2017, before being spun off as a separate corporation in 2018. TBC has completed one tunneling project that is open to the public, as well as a test tunnel.

In 2021, TBC completed the Las Vegas Convention Center, LVCC Loop, which is a three-station transportation system consisting of 1.7 miles (2.7 km) of tunnels. As of July 2023, a segment to Resorts World is also open, and tunnels to Encore and Westgate resorts are being finalized. The system is planned to expand to a total of 68 miles of tunnels in Las Vegas. TBC also completed one tunnel for testing in Los Angeles County, California . Many other TBC projects in cities across the United States have been announced and subsequently cancelled or become inactive due to a lack of activity from the company.[4]

History

Elon Musk discusses the Boring Company at TED 2017.

Musk announced the idea of the Boring Company in December 2016,[5] and it was officially registered as "TBC – The Boring Company" on January 11, 2017.[6] Musk cited difficulty with Los Angeles traffic, and what he sees as limitations of its two-dimensional transportation network, as his early inspiration for the project.[7][8] The Boring Company was formed as a SpaceX subsidiary.[9] According to Musk, the company's goal is to enhance tunneling speed enough such that establishing a tunnel network is financially feasible.[10][11]

Elon Musk during the inauguration of the test tunnel in Hawthorne, California

In early 2018, the Boring Company was spun out from SpaceX and into a separate corporate entity.[12] Somewhat less than 10% of equity was given to early employees, and over 90% to Elon Musk. Early employees came from a variety of different backgrounds, including those from SpaceX.

The company began designing its own tunnel boring machines, and completed several tests in Hawthorne, California. The Hawthorne test tunnel opened to the public on December 18, 2018.[13]

In July 2019, the Boring Company sold US$120 million in stock to venture capital firms,[14] after raising $113 million in non-outside capital during 2018.[15] By November 2019, Steve Davis had become company president after leading efforts for Musk since 2016. Davis was one of the earliest hires at SpaceX (in 2003) and has twin master's degrees in particle physics and aerospace engineering.[16]

In November 2020, TBC announced hiring for positions in Austin, Texas, and by December 2020 had leased two buildings in a 14-acre (5.7 ha) industrial complex northeast of Austin, approximately 16 miles (26 km) north of Texas Gigafactory.[17]

On April 20, 2022, the company announced an additional $675 million Series C funding round, valuing the company at approximately $5.675 billion.[4] The round was led by Vy Capital and Sequoia Capital,[4] with participation from Valor Equity Partners, Founders Fund, 8VC, Craft Ventures, and DFJ Growth. Sometime before April 2023, the company moved their headquarters and engineering facilities to Bastrop, Texas.[1]

Currently, tunnels connecting different parts of the LVCC are open, and a tunnel to Resorts World started operating in July 2023.[18]

Boring machines

The boring machine in 2019

The first boring machine utilized by The Boring Company was Godot, a conventional TBM made by Lovat.[19][20] The company would later design their own line of machines called Prufrock.[21] Engadet reported that the Prufrock-2, which was unveiled in August 2021,[22] could dig up to a mile per week, whereas its successor, the Prufrock-3 is planned to dig up to seven miles per day.[23]

Tunnels

Hawthorne test tunnel

Tunnel built in Hawthorne

TBC built a 1.14-mile (1.83 km) high-speed tunnel in 2017 on a route in Hawthorne, California, at the SpaceX headquarters and manufacturing facility.[24] The tunnel roadway has an asphalt surface, a guide-way for autonomous vehicle operation, and supports car trips at speeds of 90 mph (140 km/h) with autonomous control and up to 116 mph (187 km/h) under human control.[25]

Las Vegas Convention Center

Template:Infobox Public transit

Convention Center

In May 2019, the company won a $48.7 million project to shuttle visitors in a loop underneath the LVCC[26] Boring of the first tunnel, 4,475 feet (1,364 m) long, began on November 15, 2019, and finished on February 14, 2020, excavating an average of 49 feet (15 m) per day.[27][28] In May 2020, the boring of the second tunnel was completed,[29] for a total of 1.7 miles (2.7 km) of tunnels.[30] The tunnel opened in October 2021.[31] Standard Tesla vehicles with human drivers are used as shuttles, traveling at about 35 miles per hour (56 km/h).[32] The service was described by Las Vegas Tourism as "an important step in the development of a game-changing transportation solution in Las Vegas".[33]

Testing with volunteers in late May 2021 showed the system could transport 4,400 passengers per hour.[34] The system exceeded 4,500 passengers per hour.[35] The system started transporting convention attendees on June 8, 2021.[36] The tunnel was intended to provide trips of less than two minutes.[37] Designed to solve traffic congestion, but it faced a number of traffic jams during busy events[31][38][39][40] however this was primarily due to South Hall, where one of the three stations was located, was closed off to attendees. [41]

Private tunnels to convention center

As of June 2020, Las Vegas strip hotel, Encore has private tunnel underway to allow direct access from the hotels to LVCC. The tunnel to Resorts World Las Vegas opened in July 2022. [42][43]

Vegas Loop

In October 2021, Clark County Commissioners approved a 50-year franchise agreement for a 52-stop, mostly-underground system, a "16-mile dual loop system ... operating mainly in the Resort Corridor with stations at various resorts and connections to Allegiant Stadium, Brightline West Las Vegas Station, and the UNLV".[44] TBC planned to build five to ten stations during the first year, and then add approximately 16 stations per year thereafter.[44] The Boring Company would be responsible for funding the tunnel, while station costs would be funded by the resort properties and landowners.[45]

In May 2023, The Boring Company (TBC) was given permission to build the Vegas Loop underground transportation system to 69 stations for a tunnel network of 65 miles.[46][47][48] It would include the existing LVCC Loop and extensions to casinos along the Strip, Harry Reid International Airport, Allegiant Stadium, downtown Las Vegas, and eventually to Los Angeles. TBC claims that once complete, the Vegas Loop would be able to transport more than 90,000 passengers per hour.[49]

Projects under discussion

Inquiries and discussions have been held with Boring Company for various projects.

In February 2021, Miami mayor Francis Suarez revealed that Musk had proposed to dig a two-mile tunnel under the Miami River for $30 million, within a six-month timescale, compared with $1 billion over four years estimated by the local transit authority. Much of the savings would be achieved by simplifying ventilation systems and allowing only electric vehicles.[50]

In July 2021, Fort Lauderdale accepted a proposal from the Boring Company for a tunnel between downtown and the beach, to be dubbed the "Las Olas Loop".[51] As of August 2021, the city was beginning final negotiations with TBC.[52] Mayor Dean Trantalis estimated the total cost of the 5-mile (8.0 km) round-trip tunnel would be between $90 and $100 million, including stations.[53] As of December 2022, feasibility studies were expected to be completed by TBC by March 2023.[54] Enthusiasm for the project waned in early 2023 and it is unclear whether it will move forward. [55][56]

In August 2021, a preliminary concept discussion was held with officials of Cameron County on the potential construction of a tunnel from South Padre Island to Boca Chica Beach in South Texas. If built, the tunnel would be required to pass beneath the Brownsville Ship Channel.[57] It would allow SpaceX's Boca Chica facility to remain accessible if Highway 4, its sole access road, is closed.[58]

Inactive and cancelled projects

United States

  • Baltimore–Washington Loop – In 2017, Musk announced plans to build a Hyperloop connecting Washington, DC to Baltimore.[59] This was supplanted in 2018 by a proposal to build a route following the Baltimore–Washington Parkway.[60] The Maryland Transportation Authority officially approved the project.[61] In 2019, a draft Environmental Assessment for the project was completed.[62] As of 2021, the project was no longer listed on the company website.[63]
  • Chicago – In 2018, the company won a competition to build a high-speed link from downtown Chicago to O'Hare Airport.[64][65][66] As of 2021 the plan had been dropped.[67]
  • Los Angeles – In 2018, TBC proposed to develop a 2.7-mile-long (4.3 km) test tunnel on a north–south alignment parallel to Interstate 405 and adjacent to Sepulveda Boulevard.[68]:25:50 Public opposition and lawsuits led the company to abandon the idea.[69][70] Also in 2018, the company proposed to build a 3.6-mile (5.8 km) tunnel called the "Dugout Loop" from Vermont Avenue to Dodger Stadium. (As of June 2021), the project had been removed from TBC's website.[67]
  • In February 2021 the San Bernardino County Transportation Authority in California approved beginning contract negotiations with TBC to build a nearly 4-mile (6.4 km) tunnel connecting the Ontario airport with the Rancho Cucamonga Metrolink/Future Brightline West train station.[71] However, TBC did not submit a proposal after a third party was involved to study the project impacts.[72] The SBCTA has plans to build the tunnel system using "another company more familiar with the state's bureaucracy to do the Environmental Impact Report."[73]
  • San Jose – In 2019, a link between San Jose International Airport and Diridon station, was discussed as an alternative to an $800 million traditional rail link.[74] In 2023, concerns about TBCs financial condition led San Jose to cancel the project.[75][better source needed]

Australia

In January 2019, Musk responded to an MP regarding a tunnel through the Blue Mountains to the west of Sydney, suggesting costs of $750 million for a 31-mile (50 km) tunnel, plus $50 million per station.[76][77]

Promotional merchandise

In 2018, the company began offering 20,000 "flamethrowers" for preordering.[78] The "flamethrower" was a blow torch shaped to look like a gun and is legal in all U.S. states except Maryland.[79] All 20,000 "flamethrowers" were sold in just a few days.[citation needed] After customs officials said that they would not allow imports of any items called "flamethrowers", Musk announced that he would rename them to "Not-A-Flamethrower" since the devices were in fact akin to roofing torches. Musk announced separate sales of a fire extinguisher, which he described as "overpriced... but this one comes with a cool sticker".[80]

Not-a-Boring Competition student contests

In 2020, TBC released rules for a student tunnel-boring competition. The first competition was held in Las Vegas in September 2021.[81] Officially named the Not-a-Boring Competition, the challenge was to "quickly and accurately drill a tunnel that was 30 m (98 ft)-long and 30 cm (0.98 ft)-wide."[81] SpaceX had earlier sponsored a Hyperloop pod competition in 2016–2019 for student teams,[citation needed] and had considered building a longer vacuum tube for a potential competition in 2020.[82][failed verification]

Applications were received from 400 potential participants. A technical design review left 12 teams that were invited to Las Vegas to demonstrate their engineering solution in a September 2021 competition. The winning team was TUM Boring from Technical University of Munich who managed to excavate a 22 m (72 ft) bore while meeting the requisite safety requirements. TUM Boring used a conventional pipe jacking method to build the tunnel, but employed a novel revolving pipe storage design to minimize downtime between pipe segments.[81]

A second competition was held in April 2023. New contest criteria required a 30 m (98 ft)-long 500 mm (20 in)-diameter, this time with a turn radius. Five teams from four countries — the United States, Germany, United Kingdom, and Switzerland — made the finals and journeyed to Texas to compete.TUM Boring again won with a design that reached a maximum velocity of 7 mm/s (0.28 in/s).[1] Swissloop Tunneling with a 3000 kg 8-meter-long machine named Groundhog Beta finished second overall and won the innovation award.[83]

Criticism

Civil engineering experts and tunneling industry veterans questioned whether TBC could render tunnels faster and cheaper than competitors. Tunnelling Journal dismissed the company as a “vanity project”.[84]

Musk's planned tunnels were criticized for lacking such safety features as emergency exit corridors, ventilation systems, or fire suppression. In addition, the single lane tunnels left it impossible for vehicles to pass one another in the event of collision, mechanical failure, or other traffic obstruction, and instead would shut the entire tunnel section down.[85][86] The low capacity of TBC tunnels make them inefficient when compared to existing public transit solutions, with only a fraction of the capacity of a conventional rapid-transit subway.[87][88][89][90]

James Moore, director of transportation engineering at the University of Southern California, said that "there are cheaper ways to provide better transportation for large numbers of people", such as managing traffic with tolls.[90] Public transit consultant Jarrett Walker called TBC "wildly hyped", and criticized how the company that "dazzled city governments and investors with visions of an efficient subway where you never have to get out of your car, turns out to be a paved road tunnel."[89][91]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Technical University of Munich team secures second tunnelling win in Elon Musk's Not-a-Boring-Competition". New Civil Engineer. 3 April 2023. https://www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/technical-university-of-munich-team-secures-second-tunnelling-win-in-elon-musks-not-a-boring-competition-03-04-2023/. Retrieved 19 June 2023. 
  2. ↑ Holmes, Aaron; Tabahriti, Sam (December 24, 2022). "The CEO of Elon Musk's Boring Company who reportedly slept at Twitter HQ with his wife and baby once owned a bar called 'Thomas Foolery'". https://www.businessinsider.com/steve-davis-boring-company-elon-musk-career-bio-2019-11. 
  3. ↑ "[Exclusive Elon Musk: A future worth getting excited about – TED – Tesla Gigafactory interview"]. TED. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YRvf00NooN8&t=3370s. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2  , Wikidata Q115488224
  5. ↑ Gajanan, Mahita (2016-12-18). "Elon Musk's Next Venture to Tackle Traffic Is Totally 'Boring'". https://fortune.com/2016/12/18/elon-musk-traffic-boring/. 
  6. ↑ "TBC – THE BORING COMPANY". 2017-01-11. https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_de/6279803. 
  7. ↑ Chafkin, Max (February 16, 2017). "Elon Musk Is Really Boring". Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2017-02-16/elon-musk-is-really-boring. 
  8. ↑ Peyser, Eve (January 30, 2017). "Elon Musk on Digging Big-Ass Tunnel: 'We Have No Idea What We're Doing'". Gizmodo. https://gizmodo.com/elon-musk-on-digging-big-ass-tunnel-we-have-no-idea-wh-1791803837. 
  9. ↑ Agenda Item No. 9, City of Hawthorne City Council, Agenda Bill , 11 September 2018, Planning & Community Development Department, City of Hawthorne. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  10. ↑ Thompson, Avery (February 16, 2017). "Elon Musk Is Really Making a Boring Company". http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/infrastructure/a25257/elon-musk-boring-company/. 
  11. ↑ Heathman, Amelia (in en-Glenn Beck). Elon Musk's boring machine has already built a 'test trench' in Hawthorne, CA. UK. https://www.wired.co.uk/article/elon-musk-tunnel-boring. Retrieved February 19, 2017. 
  12. ↑ Copeland, Rob (17 December 2018). "Elon Musk's New Boring Co. Faced Questions Over SpaceX Financial Ties". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/elon-musks-new-boring-co-faced-questions-over-spacex-financial-ties-11545078371. "When the Boring Co. was earlier this year spun into its own firm, more than 90% of the equity went to Mr. Musk and the rest to early employees, ... The Boring Co. has since given some equity to SpaceX as compensation for the help, ... about 6% of Boring stock, “based on the value of land, time and other resources contributed since creation of the company,” " 
  13. ↑ Lekach, Sasha (December 7, 2018). "In true Musk fashion, Boring Company test tunnel opening pushed back a week". https://mashable.com/article/elon-musk-boring-company-test-tunnel-postponed/. 
  14. ↑ Khalid, Amrita (June 26, 2019). "Elon Musk's Boring Co. raises $120 million in outside funding" (in en). Engadget. https://www.engadget.com/2019/07/25/elon-musk-raises-120-million-boring-co/. 
  15. ↑ Elon Musk's Boring Co. Raises $120 Million in First Outside Investment. This is on top of the $113 million the startup brought in last year. , Bloomberg News, 25 July 2019, accessed 18 August 2019.
  16. ↑ McBride, Sarah (15 November 2019). "Elon Musk's Boring Co. Is Run by a Former Bar Owner Who Can Quote Ayn Rand". Bloomberg News. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-15/elon-musk-s-boring-co-is-run-by-a-former-bar-owner-who-can-quote-ayn-rand. 
  17. ↑ Hardison, Kathryn (15 December 2020). "Elon Musk's The Boring Co. grabs industrial space in Pflugerville, documents show". Austin Business Journal. https://www.bizjournals.com/austin/news/2020/12/15/elon-musks-boring-co-leases-space-in-pflugerville.html. 
  18. ↑ "Boring Company Vegas Loop station opens at Resorts World". 2022-07-12. https://www.fox5vegas.com/video/2022/07/12/boring-company-vegas-loop-station-opens-resorts-world/. 
  19. ↑ Wattles, Jackie (2017-07-08). "All the quirky details you need to know about Elon Musk's Boring company". https://money.cnn.com/2017/07/08/technology/future/elon-musk-boring-company/index.html. 
  20. ↑ Loveday, Steven (2017-08-13). "Yet Another Boring Backstory". https://insideevs.com/news/332635/yet-another-boring-backstory/. 
  21. ↑ Marshall, Aarian (2018-06-14). "Elon Musk's Boring Company Wins a Big Boring Contract in Chicago". Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/elon-musk-boring-company-contract-chicago/. Retrieved 2023-08-07. 
  22. ↑ Calin, Razvan (2022-10-22). "Elon Musk's Prufrock Makes Boring Exciting With Porpoise-Style, Purpose-Driven Drills" (in en). https://www.autoevolution.com/news/elon-musk-s-prufrock-makes-boring-exciting-with-porpoise-style-purpose-driven-drills-201894.html. 
  23. ↑ Dent, Steve (April 21, 2022). "Elon Musk's Boring Company plans to 'significantly' expand after funding round" (in en-US). https://www.engadget.com/elon-musks-boring-company-plans-to-significantly-expand-after-funding-round-124527584.html. 
  24. ↑ Geuss, Megan (2018-12-19). "Ars takes a first tour of the length of The Boring Company's test tunnel" (in en-us). https://arstechnica.com/cars/2018/12/ars-takes-a-first-tour-of-the-length-of-the-boring-companys-test-tunnel/. 
  25. ↑ Watch Tesla Model 3 go through Elon Musk's Boring Company now paved tunnel at 116 mph , 21 June 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
  26. ↑ Bliss, Laura (2019-05-29). "Elon Musk's $49 Million Las Vegas Loop Makes Perfect Sense — for Las Vegas". https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-29/las-vegas-to-elon-musk-tesla-tunnel-we-ll-take-2. 
  27. ↑ "Boring Company's Las Vegas Tunnel Excavation Has Finally Been Completed" (in en-US). 2020-02-17. https://interestingengineering.com/boring-companys-las-vegas-tunnel-excavation-has-finally-been-completed. 
  28. ↑ Velotta, Richard N. (2020-02-14). "1st tunnel completed for Las Vegas Convention Center's people-mover". https://www.reviewjournal.com/business/tourism/1st-tunnel-completed-for-las-vegas-convention-centers-people-mover-1957613/. 
  29. ↑ O'Kane, Sean (2020-05-14). "Elon Musk's Boring Company finishes digging Las Vegas tunnels" (in en). https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/14/21257849/elon-musk-boring-company-las-vegas-tunnel-finished-digging. 
  30. ↑ Reilly, Claire. "Elon Musk's Boring Loop transports first passengers in Vegas" (in en). https://www.cnet.com/news/elon-musks-boring-loop-is-finally-transporting-passengers-in-las-vegas/. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Cao, Sissi (2021-06-10). "Elon Musk's Vegas Boring Tunnel Is a Disappointment, But Cities Are Eager to Have It". https://observer.com/2021/06/elon-musk-boring-company-open-vegas-tunnel-experts-skeptic/. 
  32. ↑ Vaughn, Mark (2021-04-12). "Elon Musk's Boring Company Completes First Mile-Long Vegas Tunnel" (in en-US). https://www.autoweek.com/news/industry-news/a36090539/elon-musk-boring-company-first-mile/. 
  33. ↑ Hahn, Jennifer (2022-07-01). "Elon Musk's The Boring Company opens first station in expanded Las Vegas transit tunnel system" (in en). https://www.dezeen.com/2022/07/01/vegas-loop-boring-company-station-opening-news/. 
  34. ↑ Wang, Brian (2021-05-29). "Vegas Boring Loop Surpasses 4400 Passengers Per Hour Target in Testing". https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2021/05/vegas-boring-loop-surpasses-4400-passengers-per-hour-target-in-testing.html. 
  35. ↑ "Clark County Zoning Commission on 2023-05-03 9:00 AM". https://clark.granicus.com/player/clip/7512?view_id=28&meta_id=1532733&redirect=true&h=a2cf75e72f0692d914e7feff08bee86f. 
  36. ↑ Velotta, Richard N. (2021-06-08). "Boring Co.'s underground loop begins moving customers in Las Vegas" (in en-US). Las Vegas Review-Journal. https://www.reviewjournal.com/business/conventions/world-of-concrete/boring-co-s-underground-loop-begins-moving-customers-in-las-vegas-2373190/. 
  37. ↑ "Elon Musk firm proposing 'Vegas Loop' tunnel people mover". 2020-10-14. https://apnews.com/article/technology-las-vegas-elon-musk-spacex-c742550d37eb452d09ef467bf7953da4. 
  38. ↑ "Elon Musk's The Boring Company opens first station in expanded Las Vegas transit tunnel system" (in en). 2022-07-01. https://www.dezeen.com/2022/07/01/vegas-loop-boring-company-station-opening-news/. 
  39. ↑ Cole, Samantha (2022-01-07). "Traffic Jams Are Possible in Elon Musk's Tunnels, Apparently". https://www.vice.com/en/article/n7n74d/traffic-jams-are-possible-in-elon-musks-tunnels-apparently. 
  40. ↑ Kilander, Gustaf (2022-01-07). "Elon Musk's 'Vegas Loop' called a 'death trap' as traffic piles up". https://www.independent.co.uk/tech/elon-musk-vegas-loop-traffic-b1988974.html. 
  41. ↑ "CES 2022 closes its hybrid show, touting 40,000 attendees despite many going digital" (in en). https://www.cnet.com/tech/mobile/ces-2022-closes-its-hybrid-show-touting-40k-attendees-despite-many-going-digital/. 
  42. ↑ Lilly, Caitlin (2020-06-09). "Resorts World, Wynn Las Vegas submit plans for passenger stations for Boring Company's underground people mover". https://www.fox5vegas.com/news/resorts-world-wynn-las-vegas-submit-plans-for-passenger-stations-for-boring-companys-underground-people/article_87764e4a-aa73-11ea-b006-2366fa12538b.html. 
  43. ↑ Akers, Mick (2020-06-09). "Underground people mover ready to expand to Strip resorts". https://www.reviewjournal.com/business/tourism/underground-people-mover-ready-to-expand-to-strip-resorts-2049071/. 
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 Akers, Mick (20 October 2021). "Underground travel in Strip, stadium areas moves closer to reality". Las Vegas Review-Journal. https://www.reviewjournal.com/local/traffic/underground-travel-in-strip-stadium-areas-moves-closer-to-reality-2463119/. 
  45. ↑ Underground people mover could link to Allegiant Stadium next year , Las Vegas Review-Journal, 10 June 2021
  46. ↑ "Expanded Vegas Loop plans advance with commission approval". Las Vegas Sun. 13 June 2023. https://lasvegassun.com/news/2023/jun/13/vegas-loop-plans-expand-further-with-green-light-f/. 
  47. ↑ "Vegas Loop expansion: County approves plan to build 69 underground stations". 5 May 2023. https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/boring-company-expand-vegas-loop. 
  48. ↑ "Elon Musk's The Boring Company seeks to double the size of its Vegas Loop". 21 March 2023. https://techcrunch.com/2023/03/21/elon-musks-the-boring-company-seeks-to-double-the-size-of-its-vegas-loop/. 
  49. ↑ Bellan, Rebecca (2023-05-03). "Musk's The Boring Company to expand Vegas Loop to 18 new stations". https://techcrunch.com/2023/05/03/musks-the-boring-company-to-expand-vegas-loop-to-18-new-stations/. 
  50. ↑ Wile, Rob; Flechas, Joey (February 5, 2021). "Elon Musk tells Suarez he's interested in a tunnel for electric vehicles under Brickell Ave. Bridge". Miami Herald. https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/article249037895.html. 
  51. ↑ McFarland, Matt (July 7, 2021). "Fort Lauderdale accepts proposal for Elon Musk's Tesla beach tunnel". https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/07/tech/musk-boring-fort-lauderdale/index.html. 
  52. ↑ "Elon Musk's Boring Co. Nears Deal to Build Tunnel in Florida" (in en). Bloomberg.com. 2021-08-31. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-08-31/elon-musk-s-boring-co-nears-deal-to-build-tunnel-in-florida. 
  53. ↑ "Fort Lauderdale's Mayor On The Tesla Tunnel That Could Be Coming To The City" (in en). 2021-08-23. https://www.wlrn.org/news/2021-08-23/fort-lauderdales-mayor-on-the-tesla-tunnel-that-could-be-coming-to-the-city. 
  54. ↑ DeLuca, Alex. "Elon Musk's South Florida Tunnel Plans Under Scrutiny After Reports of Boring Company 'Ghosting' UPDATED" (in en). https://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/are-elon-musks-tunnel-projects-in-florida-still-moving-forward-15799474. 
  55. ↑ "Is Fort Lauderdale's tunnel project dead in the water?" (in en). 2023-01-31. https://www.abcactionnews.com/news/state/is-fort-lauderdales-tunnel-project-dead-in-the-water. 
  56. ↑ Livingston, Layron (2023-01-11). "Musk's Fort Lauderdale tunnel plan may be down the tubes" (in en). https://www.local10.com/news/local/2023/01/11/musks-fort-lauderdale-tunnel-plan-may-be-down-the-tubes/. 
  57. ↑ Clark, Steve (August 22, 2021). "SPI-to-Boca Chica tunnel? Musk's Boring Company floats idea". RGV News. https://myrgv.com/local-news/2021/08/22/spi-to-boca-chica-tunnel-musks-boring-company-floats-idea/. 
  58. ↑ Davila, Gaige (2021-08-29). "Tunnel from Isla Blanca to Boca Chica proposed by Musk-owned company". https://www.portisabelsouthpadre.com/2021/08/29/tunnel-from-isla-blanca-to-boca-chica-proposed-by-musk-owned-company/. 
  59. ↑ Wong, Julia Carrie; Levin, Sam (20 July 2017). "Elon Musk: I got 'government approval' for New York-DC Hyperloop. Officials: no he didn't". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jul/20/elon-musk-hyperloop-verbal-government-approval. 
  60. ↑ LeBeau, Phil (2019-04-18). "Musk's Boring Company pushes aggressive Baltimore-to-D.C. tunnel plan despite skeptics" (in en). https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/18/musks-boring-company-pushes-baltimore-dc-tunnel-plan-despite-skeptics.html. 
  61. ↑ Muoio, Danielle. "Maryland's Governor said to 'get ready' for Elon Musk's Hyperloop that will connect Baltimore and Washington D.C." (in en-US). https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-hyperloop-maryland-larry-hogan-boring-company-2017-10. 
  62. ↑ Snyder, Tanya (2019-04-17). "Elon Musk's D.C.-to-Baltimore 'loop' leaps an early milestone". https://www.politico.com/story/2019/04/17/elon-musk-dc-baltimore-loop-1279708. 
  63. ↑ Duncan, Ian. "Elon Musk's Boring Company removes D.C.-Baltimore tunnel from list of projects on website" (in en-US). The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/elon-musk-hyperloop/2021/04/16/b340314e-9edd-11eb-9d05-ae06f4529ece_story.html. 
  64. ↑ "O'Hare Express competition down to two – and Elon Musk is one of them". Chicago Sun-Times. https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/ohare-express-competition-down-to-two-and-elon-musk-is-one-of-them/. 
  65. ↑ "Elon Musk's Boring Co. Wins Chicago Airport High-Speed Train Bid". June 14, 2018. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-14/elon-musk-s-boring-co-wins-chicago-airport-high-speed-train-bid. 
  66. ↑ Geuss, Megan (14 June 2018). "Chicago selects Elon Musk's Boring Company to build express line from O'Hare". Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/cars/2018/06/chicago-selects-elon-musks-boring-company-to-build-express-line-from-ohare/. 
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 Farivar, Cyrus (8 June 2021). "Fort Lauderdale officials say Elon Musk's new tunnel to the beach can't come fast enough". NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/urban-tunnels-musk-s-boring-co-draw-industry-skepticism-n1269677. 
  68. ↑ Elon Musk, Steve Davis. The Boring Company Information Session (video). Leo Baeck Temple, Los Angeles, California: The Boring Company. Archived from the original on May 20, 2018. Retrieved May 20, 2018 – via YouTube.
  69. ↑ "Elon Musk's Boring Co. drops LA Westside tunnel plan". TechCrunch. 28 November 2018. https://techcrunch.com/2018/11/28/elon-musks-boring-co-drops-la-westside-tunnel-plan/. 
  70. ↑ Ho, Vivian (2018-11-29). "Elon Musk scraps plans for Los Angeles tunnel after lawsuit settlement" (in en-GB). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/nov/28/elon-musk-underground-tunnel-los-angeles-lawsuit. 
  71. ↑ "Ontario airport tunnel project by Elon Musk moves to next phase" (in en-US). 2021-02-05. https://www.dailybulletin.com/2021/02/04/ontario-airport-tunnel-project-by-elon-musk-moves-to-next-phase. 
  72. ↑ "Elon Musk might not build tunnel to Ontario Airport after all" (in en-US). 2022-07-19. https://www.dailybulletin.com/2022/07/19/elon-musk-may-not-build-tunnel-to-ontario-airport-after-all/. 
  73. ↑ "San Bernardino County moving ahead with tunnel project, with or without Elon Musk technology" (in en). 2022-07-29. https://abc7.com/rancho-cucamonga-metrolink-station-ontario-tunnel-project-airport-elon-musk/12080190/. 
  74. ↑ Deruy, Emily (February 5, 2019). "San Jose: Mayor in talks with Elon Musk's Boring Company for airport tunnel". The Mercury News. https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/02/05/san-jose-mayor-in-talks-with-elon-musks-boring-company/. 
  75. ↑ "23-546 – Memorandum". https://sanjose.legistar.com/View.ashx?M=F&ID=11829325&GUID=6738A9F0-AA2D-4A92-9471-3EB11B18750F. 
  76. ↑ Connellan, Shannon (January 18, 2019). "Elon Musk does the math on another massive tunnel". Mashable. https://mashable.com/article/elon-musk-tunnel-australia/. 
  77. ↑ "Tunnel experts dismiss Elon Musk's Blue Mountains plan as 'Alice in Wonderland stuff'" (in en-AU). ABC News. 2019-01-17. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-01-18/elon-musk-tunnel-idea-killed-off-by-engineers/10722930. 
  78. ↑ Horowitz, Julia (2018-01-28). "Elon Musk's Boring Company is now raising money by selling flamethrowers". https://money.cnn.com/2018/01/28/news/musk-boring-company-flamethrowers/index.html. 
  79. ↑ "Timeout everyone. Y'all know that Musk's $500 'flamethrower' is literally a Boring blowtorch?". Situation Publishing. https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/01/29/musk_flamethrower_boring/. 
  80. ↑ "California politician will seek sale ban on Elon Musk's Boring Company flamethrower". The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2018/1/29/16948090/elon-musk-boring-company-flamethrower-california-sales-ban-miguel-santiago. 
  81. ↑ 81.0 81.1 81.2 Paleja, Ameya (23 September 2021). "Musk's Boring Company Announces Not-a-Boring Competition Winner". Interesting Engineering. https://interestingengineering.com/musks-boring-company-announces-not-a-boring-competition-winner. 
  82. ↑ Gonzalez, Oscar (22 July 2019). "Elon Musk plans trickier Hyperloop test tunnel after speed record broken". CNET. https://www.cnet.com/news/elon-musk-plans-trickier-hyperloop-test-tunnel-after-record-broken/. Retrieved 23 July 2019. "next year's event will expand the tunnel from three-quarters of a mile to 6.2 miles (10 km). The tunnel will also include a curve." 
  83. ↑ Kolodziej, Damian (2023-06-14). "Swissloop Tunneling builds innovative tunnel boring machine". https://www.wevolver.com/article/swissloop-tunneling-builds-innovative-tunnel-boring-machine. 
  84. ↑ "Fort Lauderdale officials say Elon Musk's new tunnel to the beach can't come fast enough". 2021-06-08. https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/urban-tunnels-musk-s-boring-co-draw-industry-skepticism-n1269677. 
  85. ↑ Journal, Tunnelling. "Tunnelling Journal April / May 2021" (in en-GB). https://tunnellingjournal.com/archive/tunnelling-journal-april-2021-may-2021/. 
  86. ↑ Walker, Alissa (2020-01-08). "Stop calling Elon Musk's Boring tunnel public transit" (in en). https://archive.curbed.com/2020/1/8/21046929/elon-musk-ces-vegas-boring-company. 
  87. ↑ Tinoco, Matt (2017-12-18). "5 reasons why experts are so skeptical of Elon Musk's solution for LA traffic" (in en). https://la.curbed.com/2017/12/18/16748436/elon-musk-tunnels-los-angeles-criticism-explained. 
  88. ↑ Hawkins, Andrew J. (2018-01-23). "The Boring Company's plan to dig a longer tunnel under Los Angeles is up in the air" (in en). https://www.theverge.com/2018/1/23/16923220/boring-company-culver-city-council-tunnel-la. 
  89. ↑ 89.0 89.1 "Why Write About Elon Musk?" (in en-US). 2019-05-25. https://humantransit.org/2019/05/why-write-about-elon-musk.html. 
  90. ↑ 90.0 90.1 Penn, Ivan (2018-12-19). "It's Showtime for Elon Musk's Boring Co., With a Long Way to Go" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/18/business/boring-company-elon-musk-tunnel.html. 
  91. ↑ "IN SEVEN YEARS, ELON MUSK'S BORING COMPANY HAS ONLY DRILLED 2.4 MILES OF TUNNEL". futurism. https://futurism.com/the-byte/seven-years-elon-musk-boring-company. 

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