Comparison of authentication solutions
 | This list has no precise inclusion criteria as described in the Manual of Style for standalone lists. (June 2018) |
Authentication is the act of confirming the truth of an attribute of a single piece of data (a datum) claimed true by an entity. Out of different types of authentication two-factor authentication is a method that provides identification of users by means of the combination of two different components. There are number of two-factor authentication and multi-factor authentication methods. Multi-factor authentication products can provide significant benefits to an enterprise, but the methods are complex and the tools themselves can vary greatly from provider to provider.[1]
Legend
The term phishing refers to attempt to acquire sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details (and sometimes, indirectly, money), often for malicious reasons, by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication.
Malware, short for malicious software, is any software used to disrupt computer operations, gather sensitive information, gain access to private computer systems, or display unwanted advertising.
Password guessing refers to cracking a password, which is the process of recovering passwords illegally from data that have been stored in or transmitted by a computer system.
A man-in-the-middle attack (often abbreviated to MITM, MitM, MIM, MiM attack or MITMA) is an attack where the attacker secretly relays and possibly alters the communication between two parties who believe they are directly communicating with each other
Server side data breaking refers to an incident in which sensitive, protected or confidential data has potentially been viewed, stolen from servers or used by an individual unauthorized to do so.
Shoulder surfing refers to using direct observation techniques, such as looking over someone's shoulder, to get information. It is commonly used to obtain passwords, PINs, security codes, and similar data.
One-time password (OTP) interception refers to a service provider sending a one time password to user's contact (SMS, E-mail, etc.) for authentication purpose, but that doesn't reach the user, possibly intercepted by a fraudulent person.
Side channel vulnerabilities allow attackers to infer potentially sensitive information just by observing normal behavior of a software system. The attacker is a passive observer.[2]
A hardware token is an authenticator in the form of a physical object, where the user's interaction with a login system proves that the user physically possesses the object. Proving possession of the token may involve one of several techniques.[3]
A software token is a type of two-factor authentication security device that may be used to authorize the use of computer services. Software tokens are stored on a general-purpose electronic device such as a desktop computer, laptop, PDA, or mobile phone and can be duplicated. This is in contrast to hardware tokens, where the credentials are stored on a dedicated hardware device and therefore cannot be duplicated (absent physical invasion of the device).
TOTP - Time-based one-time password
EOTP - Event-based one-time password
Mutual authentication or two-way authentication refers to two parties authenticating each other at the same time, being a default mode of authentication in some protocols (IKE, SSH) and optional in others (TLS).
Biometric authentication is a type of system that relies on the unique biological characteristics of individuals to verify identity for secure access to electronic systems.
Scalability is the capability of a system, network, or process to handle a growing amount of work, or its potential to be enlarged in order to accommodate that growth.
Transaction signing is a term used in internet banking that requires customers to digitally "sign" transactions in order to preserve the authenticity and integrity of the online transaction.
Threat coverage
| Provider | Phishing | Malware | Password guessing | Man in the middle | Re-used password attacks | Server-side Database Break-in | Shoulder Surfing | Theft of Authenticator | OTP Interception | Channel vulnerabilitiess |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Authenticator Plus | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Authentify Inc | Yes | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| AuthPoint | Yes | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yes | Yes | N/A |
| Authy | Yes[4] | Yes[4] | Yes[5] | Yes[5] | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Azure Multi-Factor Authentication | Yes[6] | Yes[7] | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Clef | Yes[8] | N/A | Yes[8] | N/A | N/A | Yes[8] | N/A | Yes | N/A | N/A |
| Cognalys Inc | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| CryptoPhoto | Yes[9] | Yes[9] | Yes[10] | Yes[10] | Yes[10] | Yes[10] | Yes[9] | Yes[10] | Yes[10] | Yes[10] |
| Duo Security | Yes | N/A | N/A | Yes[11] | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Entersekt | Yes[12] | Yes[12] | Yes[12] | Yes[12] | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| FreeOTP | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Google Authenticator | No | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | No[13] | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Latch | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| LaunchKey | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| LoginTC | Yes | N/A | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes[14] | Yes[14] | Yes[14] | Yes[14] | Yes[14] |
| MePIN | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Mi-Token | Yes | Yes | N/A | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | N/A |
| Nexmo | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Nexus Smart ID[15] | Yes | N/A | Yes | Yes | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | Yes | N/A |
| OASIS OASIS2FAM[16] | Yes | N/A | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/A |
| OpenOTP Token | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/A | N/A | Yes | Yes | N/A |
| Ping Identity | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| PortalGuard | Yes[17] | N/A | N/A | Yes[17] | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| privacyIDEA | Yes[18] | N/A | Yes | N/A | Yes | Yes[19] | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Protectimus | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Rublon | N/A | Yes[20] | Yes[20] | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| SAASPASS | Yes | Yes | N/A | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| SAT Mobile ID | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| SecSign | Yes[21] | Yes[21] | Yes[21] | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| SecureAuth[22] | Yes[22] | Yes[22] | Yes | N/A | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes[23] | N/A |
| SecurePass | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| SmartSign | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Solidpass[24] | Yes | Yes | N/A | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| SyferLock GridGuard[25] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/A | Yes | N/A | Yes | Yes |
| Symantec/Verisign VIP | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| TeleSign | Yes[26] | N/A | Yes[26] | N/A | Yes[26] | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| TextPower | N/A | Yes[27] | N/A | Yes[28] | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Token2 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Toopher | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Totp.Me | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| VASCO Data Security | Yes | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| WWPass | Yes | Yes | N/A | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| WiKID Systems | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Yubico | Yes | Yes | N/A | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| RSA Security[29] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/A | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/A |
Transport methods
| Provider | SMS[30] | Phone Call | Email[31] | Hardware token | Software implementation | Recovery method[31] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Authenticator Plus[32] | No | No | No | No | Yes | |
| Authentify Inc[33] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | |
| RSA Security | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Email / helpdesk |
| Authy[34] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Email[35] |
| Azure Multi-Factor Authentication[36] | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | |
| Clef[37] | No | No | No | No | Yes | |
| Cognalys Inc | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | |
| CryptoPhoto | No | No | No | No | Yes | Paper TAN |
| RCDevs OpenOTP | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | SMS/Email |
| Duo Security | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Email[35] |
| Entersekt | No | No | No | No | Yes | |
| FreeOTP | No | No | No | No | Yes | |
| Google Authenticator | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Paper TAN[35] |
| Latch | No | No | No | No | Yes | |
| LaunchKey | No | No | No | No | Yes | |
| LoginTC | No | No | No | Yes[38] | Yes | |
| MePIN | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Mi-Token | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Nexmo | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | |
| Nexus Smart ID[15] | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | SMS/Email |
| OASIS2FA[16] | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Email/Recovery Codes/Helpdesk |
| Ping Identity | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | |
| PortalGuard | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | |
| privacyIDEA | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Email / helpdesk |
| Protectimus | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Rublon | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | |
| SAASPASS | No | No | No | No | Yes | |
| SAT Mobile ID | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | |
| SecSign | No | No | No | No | Yes | |
| SecureAuth | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| SecurePass | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | |
| SmartSign | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | |
| Solidpass[24] | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | |
| SyferLock GridGuard | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | |
| Symantec/Verisign VIP | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| TeleSign | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | |
| TextPower | Yes | No | No | No | No | |
| Token2 | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Toopher | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | |
| Totp.Me | No | No | No | No | Yes | |
| VASCO Data Security | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| WWPass | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | |
| WiKID Systems | No | No | No | No | Yes | |
| Yubico | No | No | No | Yes | Yes |
Feature support
| Provider | TOTP | HOTP | Mutual authentication | PIN protection | Biometrics | Separate Channel | Scalability | Transaction Signing | Coverage | Revocation |
| Authenticator Plus | Yes | N/A | N/A | Yes | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Authentify Inc | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | Yes | N/A | N/A |
| Authy | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yes[39] | N/A | N/A | Yes[40] | N/A | N/A |
| Azure Multi-Factor Authentication | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Clef | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Cognalys Inc | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| CryptoPhoto | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yes[41] | Yes[41] | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yes[41] |
| OpenOTP Token | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/A | Yes | Yes | N/A | Yes |
| Duo Security | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Entersekt | Yes[12] | N/A | Yes | N/A | Yes[12] | Yes[12] | Yes | Yes[12] | N/A | Yes |
| FreeOTP | Yes[42] | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Google Authenticator | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Latch | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| LaunchKey | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| LoginTC | Yes[38] | N/A | N/A | Yes[43] | N/A | Yes[14] | Yes[44] | N/A | Yes[44] | Yes[38] |
| MePIN | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Mi-Token | Yes | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Nexmo | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yes[45] | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Nexus Smart ID[15] | Yes[46] | Yes[46] | N/A | Yes[46] | Yes[46] | Yes[46] | Yes[46] | Yes[46] | N/A | Yes[46] |
| OASIS2FA[16] | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Ping Identity | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yes[47] | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| PortalGuard | Yes[17] | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| privacyIDEA | Yes | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | N/A |
| Protectimus | Yes | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| RSA Security | Yes | N/A | N/A | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Rublon | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| SAASPASS | Yes | N/A | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| SAT Mobile ID | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| SecSign | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yes[21] | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| SecureAuth[22] | Yes | N/A | Yes | Yes | Yes[48] | Yes | Yes | N/A | N/A | Yes |
| SecurePass | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| SmartSign | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Solidpass[24] | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/A | Yes | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | N/A |
| SwivelSecure | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| SyferLock GridGuard | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Symantec/Verisign VIP | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| TeleSign | Yes[26] | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| TextPower | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yes[49] | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Token2 | Yes[50] | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Toopher | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Totp.Me | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| VASCO Data Security | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| WiKID Systems | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| WWPass | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Yubico | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
References
- ↑ "Comparing the top multifactor authentication vendors". November 2014. http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/feature/The-fundamentals-of-MFA-Comparing-the-top-multifactor-authentication-products.
- ↑ "Side Channel Vulnerabilities on the Web - Detection and Prevention". https://www.owasp.org/images/c/cd/Side_Channel_Vulnerabilities.pdf.
- ↑ "Definition of Hardware Token". http://hitachi-id.com/concepts/hardware_token.html.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "INTRODUCING AUTHY FOR YOUR PERSONAL COMPUTER". https://www.authy.com/blog/introducing-authy-for-your-personal-computer.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "SECURITY NOTICE: OPENSSH PASSWORDS VULNERABLE". https://www.authy.com/blog/openssh-passwords-vulnerable.
- ↑ "Microsoft Azure is phishing-friendly". 30 April 2014. http://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-azure-is-phishing-friendly/. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
- ↑ "Microsoft Antimalware for Azure Cloud Services and Virtual Machines". 22 March 2016. https://azure.microsoft.com/en-in/documentation/articles/azure-security-antimalware/. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Clef". https://getclef.com/security/.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "CryptoPhoto Features". https://cryptophoto.com/features. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 "CryptoPhoto for Banking". https://cryptophoto.com/doc/CryptoPhoto_for_Banking.pdf. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
- ↑ "Duo Patches for the Latest OpenSSL Vulnerabilities". 6 June 2014. https://duo.com/blog/duo-patches-for-the-latest-openssl-vulnerabilities. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 "Build in trust with the Transakt SDK". http://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/315236/Build_in_trust_with_the_Transakt_SDK.pdf?t=1431427665953.
- ↑ "The secret keys are stored in the clear in the database". https://github.com/google/google-authenticator/issues/253.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 "The Use of Secure Remote Password in LoginTC". 6 December 2013. https://www.logintc.com/blog/2013-12-06-secure-remote-password.html.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 "Nexus Smart ID for physical and digital access". https://www.nexusgroup.com/solutions/nexus-smart-id-solution/. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 "Olive Innovations - OASIS". http://www.oliveinnovations.com/Products/OASIS. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 "Two factor Authentication:Flexible Options". http://www.portalguard.com/tb/flexible-2FA-tech-brief.pdf?submission=1065243.
- ↑ "privacyIDEA:Features". http://privacyidea.org/about/features.
- ↑ "HSM Support in privacyIDEA". https://www.privacyidea.org/privacyidea-2-12-hardware-security-module-support/.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Rublon". http://wordpress.rublon.com/.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 "SecSign". https://www.secsign.com/security-id/.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 "SecureAuth Adaptive Authentication". https://www.secureauth.com/products/secureauth-idp/.
- ↑ "SecureAuth Multi-Factor Authentication". https://www.secureauth.com/products/secureauth-idp/multi-factor-authentication.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 "Solid Pass". http://www.solidpass.com/#.
- ↑ "GridGuard Overview". http://www.syferlock.com/?q=basic-page/solutions&qt-gridguard=5#qt-gridguard.
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 "TeleSign_US_Datasheet_Push_Verify_20161". 2016. https://www.telesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/TeleSign_US_Datasheet_Push_Verify_20161.pdf. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
- ↑ ""Hack-Proof" TextKey Turns SMS Authentication on Its Head". 20 May 2014. http://in.pcmag.com/opinion/54043/hack-proof-textkey-turns-sms-authentication-on-its. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
- ↑ "TextKey Scores Well in Network World Review of Authentication Solutions". http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/textkey-scores-well-in-network-world-review-of-authentication-solutions-1796747.htm.
- ↑ "Multi-Factor Authentication | Identity Assurance | RSA". https://www.rsa.com/en-us/products/rsa-securid-suite/rsa-securid-access.html.
- ↑ "NIST explains proposed ban on SMS for 2FA". https://www.pindrop.com/blog/nist-explains-proposed-ban-on-sms-for-2fa/.
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 "Two-Factor authentication is a mess". https://www.theverge.com/2017/7/10/15946642/two-factor-authentication-online-security-mess.
- ↑ "Authenticator plus". https://authenticatorplus.freshdesk.com/support/solutions.
- ↑ "Authentify Two-Factor Authentication". http://authentify.com/solutions/authentication-concepts/two-factor-authentication/.
- ↑ "Authy: Two-Factor Authentication Made Easy". http://www.howtogeek.com/199262/authy-two-factor-authentication-made-easy.
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 "Choosing a Two-Factor Authentication System". 28 November 2012. https://blog.cloudflare.com/choosing-a-two-factor-authentication-system. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
- ↑ "What is Azure Multi-Factor Authentication?". https://azure.microsoft.com/en-in/documentation/articles/multi-factor-authentication/.
- ↑ "Clef Two-Factor Authentication". https://wordpress.org/plugins/wpclef/.
- ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 "LoginTC Two Factor Authentication". https://www.logintc.com/docs/guides.
- ↑ "AUTHY two factor authentication". https://www.twilio.com/authy. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
- ↑ "AUTHY ONETOUCH: SIMPLY STRONG SECURITY". https://www.authy.com/blog/authy-onetouch-simply-strong-security. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 "Two Factor and Multifactor Authentication by CryptoPhoto". https://applications.cpanel.com/listings/view/Two-Factor-and-Multifactor-Authentication-by-CryptoPhoto. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
- ↑ "FreeOTP". https://fedorahosted.org/freeotp.
- ↑ "LoginTC Multi-Factor Flow". 13 December 2013. https://www.logintc.com/docs/platform/multi-factor-flow.html.
- ↑ 44.0 44.1 "Two-Factor Authentication Worldwide using LoginTC". 2 April 2014. https://www.logintc.com/blog/2014-04-01-two-factor-authentication-with-logintc-worldwide.html.
- ↑ "Nexmo". https://www.nexmo.com/why-nexmo/.
- ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 46.4 46.5 46.6 46.7 "Nexus Smart ID Authentication Methods". https://doc.nexusgroup.com/display/PUB/Authentication+methods.
- ↑ "PingID Multi-factor Authentication". https://www.pingidentity.com/en/products/pingid.html.
- ↑ "SecureAuth Behavioral Biometrics". https://www.secureauth.com/products/secureauth-idp/behavioral-biometrics.
- ↑ "GET AN INDUSTRY LEADING MULTI-FACTOR AUTHENTICATION SOLUTION". http://www.textpower.com/public/solutions/security-authentication/.
- ↑ "TOKEN2". https://token2.com/.
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