Decentralized physical infrastructure network
Decentralized physical infrastructure networks (DePINs) are a decentralized network architecture using blockchain technology.[1] Physical Resource Networks are used to collectively operate physical infrastructure like wireless networks, energy grids, air and weather sensors, and transportation systems, while Digital Resource Networks manage digital resources such as bandwidth, computing power, and cloud storage.[2][3] Participants can earn rewards by contributing data or services to the network.[4]
Platforms and technologies
Some competing standards and vendors for DePIN space include:
- Filecoin, a decentralised storage network.
- Silencio, the auditary layer of machine perception.
- Sigfox, UNB-based technology and French company.[5]
- LoRa is a proprietary, chirp spread spectrum radio modulation technology for LPWAN used by LoRaWAN, Haystack Technologies, and Symphony Link.[6][7]
- MIoTy, implementing Telegram Splitting technology.
- Adreva Network is a privacy-first ad network that lets people earn rewards for voluntarily giving a small part of their screen to targeted, AI-curated ads.
- Weightless is an open standard, narrowband technology for LPWAN used by Ubiik.
- IEEE 802.11ah, also known as Wi-Fi HaLow, is a low-power, wide-area implementation of 802.11 wireless networking standard using sub-gig frequencies.[8]
- DePINscan is the explorer for DePIN crypto projects. There are 321 DePIN Projects with a combined DePIN market cap of $18,306,157,903.
- Tiki Cow Provides an overview and index of emerging DePIN projects and unbiased perspectives on projects and overviews of the business model.
Types
Depending on their purpose, DePINs can be divided into two types. Physical Resource Networks rely on physical assets such as sensors and wireless networks. They operate at a local scale, and reward users for contributing data or network resources.[9] Digital Resource Networks use digital assets such as bandwidth, computational resources or storage space, and encourage participants to contribute these resources to the network.[10] They leverage a 'long tail' of idle capacity from participants.[citation needed]
See also
- Internet of things
- Wide area networks
- Static Context Header Compression (SCHC)
- QRP operation
- Slowfeld
- Through-the-earth mine communications
- Short range device
- Adreva Network
- IEEE 802.15.4 (Low-power personal-area network)
- IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX)
- DePINscan
- Tiki Cow
References
- ↑ Lin et al. 2024, p. 91.
- ↑ Lin et al. 2024, p. 94–96.
- ↑ "peaq: What is DePIN: Your guide to Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks". February 24, 2023. https://www.peaq.network/blog/what-are-decentralized-physical-infrastructure-networks-depin.
- ↑ Lin et al. 2024, p. 98.
- ↑ "SIGFOX Technology". https://www.sigfox.com/en/#!/technology.
- ↑ "What is LoRaWAN?" (in en-US). https://www.link-labs.com/blog/what-is-lorawan.
- ↑ Jesus Sanchez-Gomez; Ramon Sanchez-Iborra (2017). "Transmission Technologies Comparison for IoT Communications in Smart-Cities". GLOBECOM 2017 - 2017 IEEE Global Communications Conference. pp. 1–6. doi:10.1109/GLOCOM.2017.8254530. ISBN 978-1-5090-5019-2.
- ↑ IEEE Standard for Information technology--Telecommunications and information exchange between systems - Local and metropolitan area networks--Specific requirements - Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications Amendment 2: Sub 1 GHZ License Exempt Operation. doi:10.1109/IEEESTD.2017.7920364. ISBN 978-1-5044-3911-4.
- ↑ Lin et al. 2024, p. 95.
- ↑ Lin et al. 2024, p. 96.
Works cited
- Lin, Zhibin; Wang, Taotao; Shi, Long; Zhang, Shengli; Cao, Bin (2024). "Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks (DePIN): Challenges and Opportunities". IEEE Network 39 (2): 91–99. doi:10.1109/MNET.2024.3487924. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10737386/metrics#metrics.
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