Earth:Amphotropism
Amphotropism' or amphotropic indicates that a pathogen or parasite like a virus or a bacterium has a wide host range and can infect more than one species or cell culture line. The range is often of a mammalian spread. Amphotropism can be most effectively described in comparison to ecotropic and pantropic pathogens.
Distinctions and Functionality
Amphotropic pathogens are able to affect a relatively wide range of species by having their envelope glycoproteins attack receptors that, due to evolutionary conservation, are structurally similar across species.[1] By exploiting these similarities they are able to extend their range beyond typical ecotropic pathogens, which are only able to identify and attack a specific receptor. However, their range is not as wide as pantropic pathogens, which aren’t reliant on structural similarities to bind.[2]
Amphotropic Pathogen Examples
See also
- Tropism, a list of tropisms
- Ecotropism, indicating a narrow host range
References
- ↑ Meissner, Morgan E.; Talledge, Nathaniel; Mansky, Louis M. (2022-06-01). "Molecular Biology and Diversification of Human Retroviruses". Frontiers in Virology 2. doi:10.3389/fviro.2022.872599. PMID 35783361.
- ↑ Samanthi (November 2021). "What is the Difference Between Ecotropic Amphotropic and Pantropic Virus". https://www.differencebetween.com/what-is-the-difference-between-ecotropic-amphotropic-and-pantropic-virus/#google_vignette.
- ↑ Coffin, John M; Hughes, Stephen H; Varmus, Harold E (1997). "Receptors". Retroviruses. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK19436/.
- ↑ Sanchez, Savannah E; Goodman, Alan G; Omsland, Anders (2021). "Metabolic Plasticity Aids Amphotropism of Coxiella burnetii". Infect Immun 89 (12): e0013521. doi:10.1128/IAI.00135-21. PMID 34491791.
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