Earth:Greenhouse gas removal
Greenhouse gas removal projects are a type of climate engineering that seek to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere, and thus they tackle the root cause of global warming. These techniques either directly remove greenhouse gases, or alternatively seek to influence natural processes to remove greenhouse gases indirectly. The discipline overlaps with carbon capture and storage and carbon sequestration, and some projects listed may not be considered to be climate engineering by all commentators, instead being described as mitigation.[1]
Carbon sequestration
A wide range of techniques for carbon sequestration exist. These range from ideas to remove CO
2 from the atmosphere (carbon dioxide air capture), flue gases (carbon capture and storage) and by preventing carbon in biomass from re-entering the atmosphere, such as with Bio-energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS).
Chlorofluorocarbon photochemistry
Atmospheric chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) removal is an idea which suggests using lasers to break up CFCs, an important family of greenhouse gases, in the atmosphere.[2]
Methane removal
Methane potentially poses major challenges for remediation. It is around 20 times as powerful a greenhouse gas as CO
2.[3] Large quantities may be outgassed from permafrost and clathrates[4] as a result of global warming, notably in the Arctic.[5]
There are existing climate engineering proposals.[6][7] Methane is removed by several natural processes, which can be enhanced.
- Chemical decomposition — reaction with hydroxyl radicals produced from photochemical decomposition of ozone in the stratosphere.
- Biological decomposition — by methanotrophs in soils and water.[8]
See also
- Carbon negative fuel
- Solar radiation management
- Climate change mitigation
- Avoiding dangerous climate change
References
- ↑ Wigley TM (October 2006). "A combined mitigation/geoengineering approach to climate stabilization". Science 314 (5798): 452–4. doi:10.1126/science.1131728. PMID 16973840. Bibcode: 2006Sci...314..452W. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16973840.
- ↑ Stix, T.H. (7–9 Jun 1993). "Removal of chlorofluorocarbons from the troposphere". 1993 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science. Vancouver, BC, Canada: IEEE. p. 135. doi:10.1109/PLASMA.1993.593398. ISBN 0-7803-1360-7. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?tp=&arnumber=593398&isnumber=12731.
- ↑ "Methane as a Greenhouse Gas CCSP Research Highlight 1". U.S. Climate Change Science Program. January 2006. http://www.climatescience.gov/infosheets/highlight1/default.htm.
- ↑ Buffett, B.; Archer, D.. "Time-dependent response of the marine clathrate reservoir to climatic and anthropogenic forcing". American Geophysical Union. Spring Meeting 2005. 2005AGUSM.U33A..05B. Bibcode: 2005AGUSM.U33A..05B.
- ↑ "Methane Release from Arctic Clathrates Could Threaten Global Climate". International Polar Foundation. 4 June 2008. http://www.sciencepoles.org/index.php?/news/methane_release_from_arctic_clathrates_could_threaten_global_climate/&uid=1231&pg=9.
- ↑ Stolaroff, J. K.; Bhattacharyya, S.; Smith, C. A.; Bourcier, W. L.; Cameron-Smith, P. J.; Aines, R. D. (2012). "Review of Methane Mitigation Technologies with Application to Rapid Release of Methane from the Arctic". Environmental Science & Technology 46 (12): 6455. doi:10.1021/es204686w. Bibcode: 2012EnST...46.6455S.
- ↑ Lockley, A. (2012). "Comment on "Review of Methane Mitigation Technologies with Application to Rapid Release of Methane from the Arctic"". Environmental Science & Technology 46 (24): 13552–13553. doi:10.1021/es303074j. Bibcode: 2012EnST...4613552L.
- ↑ Reeburgh, William S.; David T. Heggie (1977). "Microbial methane consumption reactions and their effect on methane distributions in freshwater and marine environments". Limnology and Oceanography 22 (1): 1–9. doi:10.4319/lo.1977.22.1.0001. Bibcode: 1977LimOc..22....1R. http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_22/issue_1/0001.pdf.
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