Earth:Interdecadal Pacific oscillation
The Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) is an oceanographic and meteorological phenomenon affecting climate variability over the Pacific basin and beyond on interdecadal time scales.[1][2]
The term was introduced in the late 1990s[1] to describe an observed, near-global pattern of ENSO-like interdecadal sea-surface temperature variability.[2] Multiple independently derived indices of Pacific climate variability exhibit similar temporal evolution to the IPO on interdecadal time scales despite differences in methodology and spatial domain.[1][3]
The IPO is closely related to the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), although the PDO is centred in the North Pacific, whereas the IPO spans both hemispheres and much of the tropical Pacific.[1][3][4]
The IPO has been linked to interdecadal variability in Pacific climate and rainfall patterns, including shifts in the South Pacific Convergence Zone and associated rainfall variability across Pacific Island countries and surrounding regions.[2][5]
The IPO has also been associated with interdecadal variability in ENSO teleconnections and ENSO-related impacts on rainfall, temperature, river flow, and agricultural production in regions including Australia and parts of Asia and the Americas.[1][3][6]
The IPO is evident in both observations and coupled climate model simulations, and may arise partly as a residual of interdecadal changes in ENSO activity, although oceanic processes and tropical–extratropical interactions may also contribute.[7][8][9]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Power, S.; Casey, T.; Folland, C.; Colman, A.; Mehta, V. (1999). "Inter-decadal modulation of the impact of ENSO on Australia". Climate Dynamics 15: 319–324. doi:10.1007/s003820050284.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Folland, C. K.; Renwick, J. A.; Salinger, M. J.; Mullan, A. B. (2002). "Relative influences of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation and ENSO on the South Pacific Convergence Zone". Geophysical Research Letters 29 (13): 1643. doi:10.1029/2001GL014201.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Power, S.; Haylock, M.; Colman, R.; Wang, X. (2006). "The predictability of interdecadal changes in ENSO activity and ENSO teleconnections". Journal of Climate 19: 4755–4771. doi:10.1175/JCLI3868.1.
- ↑ Mantua, N. J.; Hare, S. R.; Zhang, Y.; Wallace, J. M.; Francis, R. C. (1997). "A Pacific interdecadal climate oscillation with impacts on salmon production". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 78: 1069–1079.
- ↑ Henley, B. J.; Gergis, J.; Karoly, D. J.; Power, S.; Kennedy, J.; Folland, C. K. (2015). "A Tripole Index for the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation". Climate Dynamics 45: 3077–3090.
- ↑ Verdon, D. C.; Wyatt, A. M.; Kiem, A. S.; Franks, S. W. (2004). "Multidecadal variability of rainfall and streamflow: Eastern Australia". Water Resources Research 40: W10201. doi:10.1029/2004WR003234.
- ↑ Power, S.; Lengaigne, M.; Capotondi, A. et al. (2021). "Decadal climate variability in the tropical Pacific: Characteristics, causes, predictability, and prospects". Science 374. doi:10.1126/science.aay9165.
- ↑ Meehl, G. A.; Teng, H.; Arblaster, J. M. (2009). "The Mid-1970s Climate Shift in the Pacific and the Relative Roles of Forced versus Inherent Decadal Variability". Journal of Climate 22: 780–792. doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2552.1.
- ↑ Meehl, G. A.; Hu, A.; Teng, H. (2016). "Initialized decadal prediction for transition to positive phase of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation". Nature Communications 7 (1). doi:10.1038/ncomms11718.
 |  |
