Earth:Laguna Colorada (caldera)
Template:Coord/display/intitle Laguna Colorada is an ignimbrite shield[1] of the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex[2] at an altitude of 5,000 metres (16,000 ft)[3] in the Potosi Department[4] of Bolivia.[5]
Laguna Colorada is a c. 40 kilometres (25 mi) wide ignimbrite shield that was formerly also known as Panizos (not to be confused with Cerro Panizos. The shield is not clearly associated with a caldera but appears to contain a sag structure.[1] The ignimbrite field is bordered by the Laguna Colorada to the west, Cerro Torque in the north and Quetena to the east;[5] Laguna Colorada is also the origin of the name of the shield.[1] Likewise, the "Tatio formation" at El Tatio originates from eruptions at Laguna Colorada;[6] the 700,000 years old Tatio ignimbrite however is considered to be separate.[1] An older ignimbrite was erupted 2.21±0.05 million years ago.[7]
An ignimbrite is associated with Laguna Colorada. This ignimbrite was erupted 1.98 million years ago and has a volume of 60 cubic kilometres (14 cu mi) dense rock equivalent,[3] covering a surface of about 1,100 square kilometres (420 sq mi). Several fall deposits occur both within and below the ignimbrite.[1] This ignimbrite is also known as the Tatio ignimbrite and given a volume of 150 cubic kilometres (36 cu mi) dense rock equivalent,[8] or the Aguadita tuffs.[1] The ignimbrite is one of the youngest in the region and keeps a noticeable texture in high altitude images.[5] Deposits perhaps correlated to this ignimbrite have been recovered in the Quebrada de Humahuaca region.[9]
The active geothermal fields of El Tatio and Sol de Manana are located around the Laguna Colorada system.[10] (As of 2018), a pilot geothermal power project was underway at Laguna Colorada.[4] An electrical conductivity anomaly beneath Laguna Colorada has been interpreted either as new magma or hydrothermally altered material.[11] Recent satellite imagery has shown that Laguna Colorada is subsiding at a rate of 4 millimetres per year (0.16 in/year), with the subsidence encompassing the area of the Laguna Colorada ignimbrite and covering a diameter of 20 kilometres (12 mi).[3]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Salisbury, Morgan J.; Jicha, Brian R.; Silva, Shanaka L. de; Singer, Brad S.; Jiménez, Néstor C.; Ort, Michael H. (2011-05-01). "40Ar/39Ar chronostratigraphy of Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex ignimbrites reveals the development of a major magmatic province". GSA Bulletin 123 (5–6): 821–840. doi:10.1130/B30280.1. ISSN 0016-7606. Bibcode: 2011GSAB..123..821S.
- ↑ del Potro, Rodrigo; Díez, Mikel; Blundy, Jon; Camacho, Antonio G.; Gottsmann, Joachim (2013-05-28). "Diapiric ascent of silicic magma beneath the Bolivian Altiplano" (in en). Geophysical Research Letters 40 (10): 2044–2048. doi:10.1002/grl.50493. ISSN 1944-8007. Bibcode: 2013GeoRL..40.2044D.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Henderson, S. T.; Pritchard, M. E. (2013-05-01). "Decadal volcanic deformation in the Central Andes Volcanic Zone revealed by InSAR time series" (in en). Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 14 (5): 1358–1374. doi:10.1002/ggge.20074. ISSN 1525-2027. Bibcode: 2013GGG....14.1358H.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Fernández Vázquez, Carlos A. A.; Fernández Fuentes, Miguel (March 2018). "Inventario, evaluación y proyección de las emisiones de carbono provenientes del sector eléctrico nacional. Bolivia 2025". Acta Nova 8 (3): 354–375. ISSN 1683-0768. http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?pid=S1683-07892018000100006&script=sci_arttext.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Deroin, Jean-Paul; Téreygeol, Florian; Cruz, Pablo; Guillot, Ivan; Méaudre, Jean-Charles (2012). "Integrated non-invasive remote-sensing techniques and field survey for the geoarchaeological study of the Sud Lípez mining district, Bolivia" (in en). Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 9 (4): S40. doi:10.1088/1742-2132/9/4/S40. ISSN 1742-2140. Bibcode: 2012JGE.....9S..40D. http://stacks.iop.org/1742-2140/9/i=4/a=S40.
- ↑ "Volcanic and tectonic history of El Tatio area (central Andes, northern Chile): explanatory notes to the 1:50000 scale geological map" (in en). pp. 12–13. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/48330178.
- ↑ Salisbury, M.; de Silva, S. L.; Jicha, B.; Singer, B.; Jiménez, N.; Ort, M. (2008-12-01). "New 40Ar/39Ar Ages From Southwest Bolivia Refine the Timing of APVC Volcanism". AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts 21: V21C–2117. Bibcode: 2008AGUFM.V21C2117S.
- ↑ de Silva, Shanaka L.; Gosnold, William D. (2007-11-01). "Episodic construction of batholiths: Insights from the spatiotemporal development of an ignimbrite flare-up". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. Large Silicic Magma Systems 167 (1): 320–335. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.07.015. Bibcode: 2007JVGR..167..320D.
- ↑ Coira, Beatriz; Galli, Claudia I.; Kay, Suzanne Mahlburg; Stockli, Daniel F.; Flores, Patrocinio; Eveling, Emilio (31 May 2022). "Pliocene-Pleistocene ash-fall tuff deposits in the intermountain Humahuaca and Casa Grande basins, northwestern Argentina: tracers in chronostratigraphic reconstructions and key to identify their volcanic sources" (in en). Andean Geology 49 (2): 208–237. doi:10.5027/andgeoV49n2-3377. ISSN 0718-7106. http://www.andeangeology.cl/index.php/revista1/article/view/V49n2-3377/html.
- ↑ Fernandez-Turiel, J. L.; Garcia-Valles, M.; Gimeno-Torrente, D.; Saavedra-Alonso, J.; Martinez-Manent, S. (2005-10-15). "The hot spring and geyser sinters of El Tatio, Northern Chile". Sedimentary Geology 180 (3): 125–147. doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.07.005. Bibcode: 2005SedG..180..125F.
- ↑ Comeau, Matthew J.; Unsworth, Martyn J.; Ticona, Faustino; Sunagua, Mayel (2015-03-01). "Magnetotelluric images of magma distribution beneath Volcán Uturuncu, Bolivia: Implications for magma dynamics" (in en). Geology 43 (3): 243–246. doi:10.1130/G36258.1. ISSN 0091-7613. Bibcode: 2015Geo....43..243C.
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