Earth:List of ice cores

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This is a list of ice cores drilled for scientific purposes. Note that many of these locations are on moving ice sheets, and the latitude and longitude given is as of the date of drilling.

Africa

Core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Lewis Glacier 1, Kenya University of East Anglia [ ⚑ ] 0°9′S 37°18′E / 0.15°S 37.3°E / -0.15; 37.3 4880 1975 6 [1]
Lewis Glacier 1, Kenya University of East Anglia [ ⚑ ] 0°10′S 37°19′E / 0.16667°S 37.31667°E / -0.16667; 37.31667 4880 1977 11 [1]
Lewis Glacier 1, Kenya IPS [ ⚑ ] 0°10′S 37°19′E / 0.16667°S 37.31667°E / -0.16667; 37.31667 c. 4980 1978 13 [2][1]
Lewis Glacier 2, Kenya IPS [ ⚑ ] 0°10′S 37°19′E / 0.16667°S 37.31667°E / -0.16667; 37.31667 c. 4980 1978 12 [2][1]
NIF1 (Northern Ice Field, Kilimandjaro, Tanzania) Ohio State University [ ⚑ ] 3°04′S 37°21′E / 3.06667°S 37.35°E / -3.06667; 37.35 c. 5893 2000 50.9 [1]
NIF2 (Northern Ice Field, Kilimandjaro, Tanzania) Ohio State University [ ⚑ ] 3°04′S 37°21′E / 3.06667°S 37.35°E / -3.06667; 37.35 c. 5893 2000 50.8 [2]
NIF3 (Northern Ice Field, Kilimandjaro, Tanzania) Ohio State University [ ⚑ ] 3°04′S 37°21′E / 3.06667°S 37.35°E / -3.06667; 37.35 c. 5893 2000 49.0 [3]
FWG (Furtwängler Glacier, Kilimandjaro, Tanzania) Ohio State University [ ⚑ ] 3°04′S 37°21′E / 3.06667°S 37.35°E / -3.06667; 37.35 c. 5893 2000 9.5 [4]
SIF1 (Southern Ice Field, Kilimandjaro, Tanzania) Ohio State University [ ⚑ ] 3°04′S 37°21′E / 3.06667°S 37.35°E / -3.06667; 37.35 c. 5893 2000 18.5 [5]
SIF2 (Southern Ice Field, Kilimandjaro, Tanzania) Ohio State University [ ⚑ ] 3°04′S 37°21′E / 3.06667°S 37.35°E / -3.06667; 37.35 c. 5893 2000 22.3 [6]

Antarctica

Core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Maudheim NBSAE [ ⚑ ] 71°3′S 10°56′E / 71.05°S 10.93333°E / -71.05; 10.93333 38 1950-1951 100 [3]
Mirny SAE [ ⚑ ] 66°33′S 93°1′E / 66.55°S 93.01667°E / -66.55; 93.01667 1957 67 [4][5][note 1]
Mirny SAE c. 200 1957 371 [6][4][note 2]
Wilkes S-2 IPS/AINA [ ⚑ ] 66°31′S 112°13′E / 66.51667°S 112.21667°E / -66.51667; 112.21667 1139 1957 61 [7]
Mirny SAE 1958 100 [4][note 1][note 3]
Byrd SIPRE [ ⚑ ] 80°01′S 119°31′W / 80.01667°S 119.51667°W / -80.01667; -119.51667 1543 1958 308 [8]
Byrd SIPRE [ ⚑ ] 80°0′S 120°0′W / 80°S 120°W / -80; -120 1524 1958 49 [7]
Little America V SIPRE [ ⚑ ] 78°2′S 162°45′W / 78.03333°S 162.75°W / -78.03333; -162.75 43 1958 264 [9][10][7]
Little America V SIPRE [ ⚑ ] 78°11′S 162°10′W / 78.18333°S 162.16667°W / -78.18333; -162.16667 42 1958 18 [9][10][7]
Byrd and Marie Byrd Traverse IPS various various 1958-1959 c. 10
Byrd and Marie Byrd Traverse IPS various various 1958-1959 20
Pit 4 AINA/University of Michigan c. [ ⚑ ] 78°34′S 163°57′W / 78.56667°S 163.95°W / -78.56667; -163.95 20 1959 22 [7]
Pit 5 AINA/University of Michigan c. [ ⚑ ] 78°34′S 163°57′W / 78.56667°S 163.95°W / -78.56667; -163.95 25 1959 19 [7]
Mirny SAE [ ⚑ ] 66°33′S 93°1′E / 66.55°S 93.01667°E / -66.55; 93.01667 1960-1961 [5]
Base Roi Baudoin EAB [ ⚑ ] 70°26′S 24°19′E / 70.43333°S 24.31667°E / -70.43333; 24.31667 39 1961 116 [11]
Ski-Hi (Eights) IPS [ ⚑ ] 75°15′S 77°7′W / 75.25°S 77.11667°W / -75.25; -77.11667 452 1961 21 [7]
Eight Station IPS [ ⚑ ] 75°15′S 77°7′W / 75.25°S 77.11667°W / -75.25; -77.11667 452 1961-1962 22 [7]
C-Site IPS [ ⚑ ] 75°0′S 73°0′W / 75°S 73°W / -75; -73 1961-1962 8 [7]
M796 IPS [ ⚑ ] 74°27′S 67°8′W / 74.45°S 67.13333°W / -74.45; -67.13333 2150 1962 25 [7]
Whitmore Mountains Traverse IPS various various 1962-1963 10
P64A EAB [ ⚑ ] 71°58′S 24°19′E / 71.96667°S 24.31667°E / -71.96667; 24.31667 1500 1964 10 [11]
P64B EAB [ ⚑ ] 71°58′S 24°19′E / 71.96667°S 24.31667°E / -71.96667; 24.31667 1500 1964 10 [11]
M185 EAB [ ⚑ ] 86°45′S 58°36′E / 86.75°S 58.6°E / -86.75; 58.6 3110 1964 11 [11]
M275 EAB [ ⚑ ] 86°38′S 30°36′E / 86.63333°S 30.6°E / -86.63333; 30.6 2860 1964 12 [11]
M370 EAB [ ⚑ ] 85°46′S 8°42′E / 85.76667°S 8.7°E / -85.76667; 8.7 2690 1964 11 [11]
Pionerskaya EPF [ ⚑ ] 69°44′S 95°31′E / 69.73333°S 95.51667°E / -69.73333; 95.51667 2740 1964 10 [12]
Pionerskaya EPF [ ⚑ ] 69°44′S 95°31′E / 69.73333°S 95.51667°E / -69.73333; 95.51667 2740 1964 7 [12]
G1 EPF [ ⚑ ] 66°41′S 139°55′E / 66.68333°S 139.91667°E / -66.68333; 139.91667 86 1964-1966 98 [12]
A3 EPF [ ⚑ ] 66°43′S 139°54′E / 66.71667°S 139.9°E / -66.71667; 139.9 220 1964-1966 106 [12]
G2 EPF [ ⚑ ] 66°42′S 139°55′E / 66.7°S 139.91667°E / -66.7; 139.91667 112 1964-1966 106 [12]
M415 EAB [ ⚑ ] 85°10′S 1°36′E / 85.16667°S 1.6°E / -85.16667; 1.6 2630 1965 12 [11]
M496 EAB [ ⚑ ] 84°58′S 17°54′E / 84.96667°S 17.9°E / -84.96667; 17.9 2680 1965 10 [11]
M620 EAB [ ⚑ ] 84°10′S 37°36′E / 84.16667°S 37.6°E / -84.16667; 37.6 3170 1965 10 [11]
Mirny SAE [ ⚑ ] 66°33′S 93°1′E / 66.55°S 93.01667°E / -66.55; 93.01667 1965-1966 [13][note 4]
M363 EAB [ ⚑ ] 82°0′S 9°35′E / 82°S 9.58333°E / -82; 9.58333 2510 1966 10 [11]
M455 EAB [ ⚑ ] 81°30′S 20°30′E / 81.5°S 20.5°E / -81.5; 20.5 2870 1966 10 [11]
Plateau IPS [ ⚑ ] 79°15′S 40°30′E / 79.25°S 40.5°E / -79.25; 40.5 3624 1966-1967 71 [7]
Byrd CRREL [ ⚑ ] 80°0′S 120°0′W / 80°S 120°W / -80; -120 1524 1966-1967 35 [7]
Byrd CRREL [ ⚑ ] 80°0′S 120°0′W / 80°S 120°W / -80; -120 1524 1966-1967 35 [7]
Byrd CRREL [ ⚑ ] 80°01′S 119°31′W / 80.01667°S 119.51667°W / -80.01667; -119.51667 1543 1966–1968 2164 [14][15][16][17]
M248 EAB [ ⚑ ] 78°19′S 23°22′E / 78.31667°S 23.36667°E / -78.31667; 23.36667 3360 1967 10 [11]
Byrd CRREL [ ⚑ ] 80°0′S 120°0′W / 80°S 120°W / -80; -120 1524 1967-1968 57
Byrd CRREL [ ⚑ ] 80°0′S 120°0′W / 80°S 120°W / -80; -120 1524 1967-1968 335 [7]
M500 EAB [ ⚑ ] 76°22′S 9°32′E / 76.36667°S 9.53333°E / -76.36667; 9.53333 3230 1968 10 [11]
M750 EAB [ ⚑ ] 77°53′S 1°55′W / 77.88333°S 1.91667°W / -77.88333; -1.91667 2540 1968 9 [11]
Amery Ice Shelf G1 ANARE c. [ ⚑ ] 69°0′S 71°0′E / 69°S 71°E / -69; 71 c. 50 1968 310 [18]
Syowa to South Pole traverse JARE various c. 40 to 2912 1968-1969 10 [19][note 5]
Byrd Station University of Bern [ ⚑ ] 80°01′S 119°31′W / 80.01667°S 119.51667°W / -80.01667; -119.51667 1543 1969 400 [8][20]
Cape Folger SGA ANARE c. [ ⚑ ] 66°8′S 110°55′E / 66.13333°S 110.91667°E / -66.13333; 110.91667 375 1969 324 [21][18]
Law Dome SGD ANARE c. [ ⚑ ] 66°39′S 112°50′E / 66.65°S 112.83333°E / -66.65; 112.83333 1390 1969 385 [22][18]
Mirny SAE [ ⚑ ] 67°0′S 93°30′E / 67°S 93.5°E / -67; 93.5 c. 1000 1969 250 [13][6][note 6]
Penta 3 SAE/EPF [ ⚑ ] 74°1′S 97°22′E / 74.01667°S 97.36667°E / -74.01667; 97.36667 c. 3400 1969 7 [6]
Penta 4 SAE/EPF c. [ ⚑ ] 74°30′S 97°19′E / 74.5°S 97.31667°E / -74.5; 97.31667 c. 3125 1969 11 [6]
Penta 5 SAE/EPF [ ⚑ ] 74°1′S 97°22′E / 74.01667°S 97.36667°E / -74.01667; 97.36667 c. 3300 1969 15 [6]
Byrd CRREL [ ⚑ ] 80°0′S 120°0′W / 80°S 120°W / -80; -120 1524 1969-1970 50 [7]
Byrd CRREL [ ⚑ ] 80°0′S 120°0′W / 80°S 120°W / -80; -120 1524 1969-1970 82 [7]
Byrd CRREL [ ⚑ ] 80°0′S 120°0′W / 80°S 120°W / -80; -120 1524 1969-1970 354 [7]
Vostok 1, 1-bis, and 1-2bis SAE [ ⚑ ] 78°28′S 106°48′E / 78.46667°S 106.8°E / -78.46667; 106.8 3488 1969-1973 952 [23][24][note 7]
Mizuho JARE [ ⚑ ] 70°42′S 44°18′E / 70.7°S 44.3°E / -70.7; 44.3 2230 1970 20 [19]
Mizuho JARE [ ⚑ ] 70°42′S 44°18′E / 70.7°S 44.3°E / -70.7; 44.3 2230 1971 42 [19]
Mizuho JARE [ ⚑ ] 70°42′S 44°18′E / 70.7°S 44.3°E / -70.7; 44.3 2230 1971 75 [19]
D100 CNRS [ ⚑ ] 71°34′S 131°59′E / 71.56667°S 131.98333°E / -71.56667; 131.98333 2810 1971-1972 c. 12 [12]
D120 CNRS [ ⚑ ] 73°4′S 128°44′E / 73.06667°S 128.73333°E / -73.06667; 128.73333 3010 1971-1972 c. 12 [12]
57 km SAE c. [ ⚑ ] 67°0′S 93°30′E / 67°S 93.5°E / -67; 93.5 c. 1000 1971-1972 51 [6][26][note 8]
153 km SAE c. [ ⚑ ] 68°0′S 94°0′E / 68°S 94°E / -68; 94 c. 1600 1971-1972 57 [6][26][note 8]
Vostok 2 and 2-bis SAE [ ⚑ ] 78°28′S 106°48′E / 78.46667°S 106.8°E / -78.46667; 106.8 3488 1971-1976 450 [23][24][note 9]
Cape Poinsett SGJ ANARE c. [ ⚑ ] 65°50′S 113°13′E / 65.83333°S 113.21667°E / -65.83333; 113.21667 400 1972 112 [18]
Casey B SGB ANARE c. [ ⚑ ] 66°17′S 111°30′E / 66.28333°S 111.5°E / -66.28333; 111.5 575 1972 73 [18]
Casey SGP ANARE c. [ ⚑ ] 66°13′S 111°15′E / 66.21667°S 111.25°E / -66.21667; 111.25 600 1972 113 [18]
Casey S1 ANARE c. [ ⚑ ] 66°17′S 110°44′E / 66.28333°S 110.73333°E / -66.28333; 110.73333 262 1972 53 [18]
D10 CNRS [ ⚑ ] 66°42′S 139°55′E / 66.7°S 139.91667°E / -66.7; 139.91667 270 1972 44 [12]
Mizuho JARE [ ⚑ ] 70°42′S 44°18′E / 70.7°S 44.3°E / -70.7; 44.3 2230 1972 148 [19]
Dumont d'Urville to Vostok EPF/SAE various coast to 3500 1972-1973 17
Dumont d'Urville to Vostok EPF/SAE various coast to 3500 1972-1973 25
Ross Ice Shelf RISP/University of Copenhagen various c. 60 1973-1974 10
Lambert Glacier GL1 ANARE [ ⚑ ] 72°31′S 65°19′E / 72.51667°S 65.31667°E / -72.51667; 65.31667 1148 1974 10 [18]
Enderby Land GL2 ANARE [ ⚑ ] 72°16′S 63°58′E / 72.26667°S 63.96667°E / -72.26667; 63.96667 1607 1974 10 [18]
Enderby Land GL3 ANARE [ ⚑ ] 72°48′S 62°9′E / 72.8°S 62.15°E / -72.8; 62.15 1808 1974 10 [18]
Enderby Land GL4 ANARE [ ⚑ ] 73°15′S 61°0′E / 73.25°S 61°E / -73.25; 61 2020 1974 10 [18]
Enderby Land GL5 ANARE [ ⚑ ] 73°43′S 61°11′E / 73.71667°S 61.18333°E / -73.71667; 61.18333 2000 1974 10 [18]
Enderby Land GL6 ANARE [ ⚑ ] 74°3′S 62°0′E / 74.05°S 62°E / -74.05; 62 1889 1974 10 [18]
Enderby Land GL7 ANARE [ ⚑ ] 74°14′S 64°13′E / 74.23333°S 64.21667°E / -74.23333; 64.21667 1556 1974 10 [18]
Enderby Land GL8 ANARE [ ⚑ ] 74°59′S 66°6′E / 74.98333°S 66.1°E / -74.98333; 66.1 1763 1974 10 [18]
Enderby Land GL9 ANARE [ ⚑ ] 74°45′S 67°58′E / 74.75°S 67.96667°E / -74.75; 67.96667 1710 1974 10 [18]
Enderby Land GL10 ANARE [ ⚑ ] 74°4′S 68°23′E / 74.06667°S 68.38333°E / -74.06667; 68.38333 1109 1974 10 [18]
Enderby Land GL11 ANARE [ ⚑ ] 73°44′S 70°37′E / 73.73333°S 70.61667°E / -73.73333; 70.61667 1462 1974 10 [18]
Law Dome SGF ANARE [ ⚑ ] 66°9′S 111°0′E / 66.15°S 111°E / -66.15; 111 375 1974 348 [18]
South Pole PICO 90°00′S 2912 1974 101 [20][7]
J-9 RISP/PICO [ ⚑ ] 82°22′S 168°40′W / 82.36667°S 168.66667°W / -82.36667; -168.66667 60 1974 100 [20][2][7]
Adelie Land D 10 CNRS [ ⚑ ] 66°42′S 139°55′E / 66.7°S 139.91667°E / -66.7; 139.91667 270 1974 304 [12][28]
Mizuho JARE [ ⚑ ] 70°42′S 44°18′E / 70.7°S 44.3°E / -70.7; 44.3 2230 1974 10 [19]
Byrd Flow Line IPS various various 1974 10
South Pole CNRS 90°00′S 2912 1974-1975 17 [12]
Mizuho JARE [ ⚑ ] 70°42′S 44°18′E / 70.7°S 44.3°E / -70.7; 44.3 2230 1974-1975 145
Detroit Plateau BAE [ ⚑ ] 64°5′S 59°35′W / 64.08333°S 59.58333°W / -64.08333; -59.58333 1806 1974-1976 10 [29]
Bruce Plateau BAE [ ⚑ ] 66°25′S 64°57′W / 66.41667°S 64.95°W / -66.41667; -64.95 1937 1974-1976 10 [29]
Peninsula Plateau Crest BAE [ ⚑ ] 67°32′S 66°0′W / 67.53333°S 66°W / -67.53333; -66 1750 1974-1976 10 [29]
Adelaide Island BAE [ ⚑ ] 67°46′S 68°55′W / 67.76667°S 68.91667°W / -67.76667; -68.91667 377 1974-1976 10 [29]
Stowington Island BAE [ ⚑ ] 68°11′S 67°0′W / 68.18333°S 67°W / -68.18333; -67 380 1974-1976 10 [29]
Gipps Ice Rise BAE [ ⚑ ] 68°46′S 60°56′W / 68.76667°S 60.93333°W / -68.76667; -60.93333 290 1974-1976 10 [29]
Fleming Glacier BAE [ ⚑ ] 69°30′S 66°16′W / 69.5°S 66.26667°W / -69.5; -66.26667 870 1974-1976 10 [29]
Peninsula Plateau Crest BAE [ ⚑ ] 70°1′S 64°29′W / 70.01667°S 64.48333°W / -70.01667; -64.48333 2131 1974-1976 10 [29]
Dolleman Island BAE [ ⚑ ] 70°37′S 60°44′W / 70.61667°S 60.73333°W / -70.61667; -60.73333 396 1974-1976 10 [29]
Murrish Glacier BAE [ ⚑ ] 71°7′S 62°20′W / 71.11667°S 62.33333°W / -71.11667; -62.33333 1050 1974-1976 10 [29]
Peninsula Plateau BAE [ ⚑ ] 71°14′S 63°22′W / 71.23333°S 63.36667°W / -71.23333; -63.36667 1987 1974-1976 10 [29]
Peninsula Plateau Crest BAE [ ⚑ ] 70°50′S 64°27′W / 70.83333°S 64.45°W / -70.83333; -64.45 2010 1974-1976 10 [29]
Peninsula Plateau Crest BAE [ ⚑ ] 71°15′S 64°30′W / 71.25°S 64.5°W / -71.25; -64.5 2010 1974-1976 10 [29]
Snow Field BAE [ ⚑ ] 71°18′S 67°29′W / 71.3°S 67.48333°W / -71.3; -67.48333 290 1974-1976 10 [29]
Elliot Hills BAE [ ⚑ ] 71°23′S 65°30′W / 71.38333°S 65.5°W / -71.38333; -65.5 1547 1974-1976 10 [29]
Thomson Rock BAE [ ⚑ ] 71°29′S 66°58′W / 71.48333°S 66.96667°W / -71.48333; -66.96667 946 1974-1976 10 [29]
Charcot Island BAE [ ⚑ ] 70°0′S 75°20′W / 70°S 75.33333°W / -70; -75.33333 595 1974-1976 10 [29]
Peninsula Plateau Crest BAE [ ⚑ ] 71°42′S 64°5′W / 71.7°S 64.08333°W / -71.7; -64.08333 1886 1974-1976 10 [29]
Monteverde Peninsula BAE [ ⚑ ] 72°30′S 72°50′W / 72.5°S 72.83333°W / -72.5; -72.83333 488 1974-1976 10 [29]
Peninsula Plateau Crest BAE [ ⚑ ] 72°47′S 64°30′W / 72.78333°S 64.5°W / -72.78333; -64.5 1797 1974-1976 10 [29]
Spoatz Island BAE [ ⚑ ] 72°50′S 64°30′W / 72.83333°S 64.5°W / -72.83333; -64.5 539 1974-1976 10 [29]
Peninsula Plateau Crest BAE [ ⚑ ] 73°42′S 64°47′W / 73.7°S 64.78333°W / -73.7; -64.78333 2007 1974-1976 10 [29]
Butler Island BAE [ ⚑ ] 72°12′S 60°20′W / 72.2°S 60.33333°W / -72.2; -60.33333 130 1974-1976 10 [29]
Peninsula Plateau BAE [ ⚑ ] 70°53′S 64°57′W / 70.88333°S 64.95°W / -70.88333; -64.95 1835 1974-1976 10 [29]
Graham Land BAE [ ⚑ ] 67°32′S 66°0′W / 67.53333°S 66°W / -67.53333; -66 1974-1976 5 [29]
Graham Land BAE [ ⚑ ] 67°32′S 66°0′W / 67.53333°S 66°W / -67.53333; -66 1974-1976 5 [29]
Rossini Point BAE [ ⚑ ] 72°30′S 72°50′W / 72.5°S 72.83333°W / -72.5; -72.83333 1600 1974-1976 10 [29]
Rossini Point BAE [ ⚑ ] 72°30′S 72°50′W / 72.5°S 72.83333°W / -72.5; -72.83333 1600 1974-1976 10 [29]
Horse Point BAE [ ⚑ ] 71°18′S 67°29′W / 71.3°S 67.48333°W / -71.3; -67.48333 1100 1974-1976 10 [29]
Horse Point BAE [ ⚑ ] 71°18′S 67°29′W / 71.3°S 67.48333°W / -71.3; -67.48333 1100 1974-1976 10 [29]
Vostok SAE [ ⚑ ] 78°28′S 106°48′E / 78.46667°S 106.8°E / -78.46667; 106.8 3500 1975 105 [6][30]
Novolazarev Shelf Glacier SAE [ ⚑ ] 70°23′S 12°21′E / 70.38333°S 12.35°E / -70.38333; 12.35 c. 500 1975 374 [31][32][6][note 10]
Novolazarev Shelf SAE [ ⚑ ] 70°13′S 11°53′E / 70.21667°S 11.88333°E / -70.21667; 11.88333 40 1975 357 [31][32][6]
Novolazarev Shelf SAE [ ⚑ ] 70°24′S 11°40′E / 70.4°S 11.66667°E / -70.4; 11.66667 40 1975 447 [31][32][6][note 11]
Dome C SAE/EPF [ ⚑ ] 74°39′S 124°10′E / 74.65°S 124.16667°E / -74.65; 124.16667 3240 1975 10 [6]
Dome C SAE/EPF [ ⚑ ] 74°39′S 124°10′E / 74.65°S 124.16667°E / -74.65; 124.16667 3240 1975 12 [6]
Dailey Island SAE/USARP [ ⚑ ] 77°53′S 165°6′E / 77.88333°S 165.1°E / -77.88333; 165.1 1975 7 [6]
Koettlitz Glacier SAE/USARP [ ⚑ ] 78°17′S 164°0′E / 78.28333°S 164°E / -78.28333; 164 5 1975 8 [6]
McMurdo Ice Shelf SAE/USARP [ ⚑ ] 78°21′S 166°41′E / 78.35°S 166.68333°E / -78.35; 166.68333 c. 50 1975 7 [6]
McMurdo Ice Shelf SAE/USARP c. 50 1975 6 [6]
Enderby Land GE2 to GE9 ANARE various various 1976 c. 8
Dolleman Island [ ⚑ ] 70°35′S 60°56′W / 70.58333°S 60.93333°W / -70.58333; -60.93333 398 1976 11 [33][34]
J-9 Bern PICO [ ⚑ ] 82°22′S 168°40′W / 82.36667°S 168.66667°W / -82.36667; -168.66667 60 1976 155 [35][36][37][7]
J-9 PICO [ ⚑ ] 82°22′S 168°41′W / 82.36667°S 168.68333°W / -82.36667; -168.68333 60 1976 330 [7]
C-7-2 IPS [ ⚑ ] 78°20′N 179°51′E / 78.33333°N 179.85°E / 78.33333; 179.85 c. 60 1976 21 [2][7]
C-7-3 IPS [ ⚑ ] 78°20′S 179°51′E / 78.33333°S 179.85°E / -78.33333; 179.85 c. 60 1976 50 [35][36][2][7]
C-7 IPS [ ⚑ ] 78°30′S 177°0′W / 78.5°S 177°W / -78.5; -177 c. 60 1976 50 [35][36][2][7]
Roosevelt Island Dome IPS [ ⚑ ] 79°22′S 161°40′W / 79.36667°S 161.66667°W / -79.36667; -161.66667 c. 500 1976 52 [35][36][2][7]
Camp Norway 3 NAE 1976–1977 [ ⚑ ] 72°19′S 16°14′W / 72.31667°S 16.23333°W / -72.31667; -16.23333 c. 510 1976-1977 10 [19]
Camp Norway 3 NAE 1976–1977 [ ⚑ ] 72°19′S 16°14′W / 72.31667°S 16.23333°W / -72.31667; -16.23333 c. 510 1976-1977 11 [19]
Camp Norway 3 NAE 1976–1977 [ ⚑ ] 72°19′S 16°14′W / 72.31667°S 16.23333°W / -72.31667; -16.23333 c. 510 1976-1977 11 [19]
Camp Norway 3 NAE 1976–1977 [ ⚑ ] 72°19′S 16°14′W / 72.31667°S 16.23333°W / -72.31667; -16.23333 c. 510 1976-1977 13 [19]
Vostok-1 SAE [ ⚑ ] 72°8′S 96°35′E / 72.13333°S 96.58333°E / -72.13333; 96.58333 2940 1976-1979 750 [6][38][note 12]
C-16 PICO [ ⚑ ] 81°5′S 172°45′E / 81.08333°S 172.75°E / -81.08333; 172.75 c. 60 1977 100 [2][7]
Q-13 PICO [ ⚑ ] 78°57′S 179°55′E / 78.95°S 179.91667°E / -78.95; 179.91667 c. 60 1977 100 [2][7]
Novolazarevskaya Station SAE [ ⚑ ] 70°46′S 11°50′E / 70.76667°S 11.83333°E / -70.76667; 11.83333 1500 1977 812 [39][note 13][6]
James Ross Island Argentine AE [ ⚑ ] 64°13′S 57°38′W / 64.21667°S 57.63333°W / -64.21667; -57.63333 1500 1977 10 [40][note 14]
Law Dome BHQ ANARE c. [ ⚑ ] 66°21′S 111°48′E / 66.35°S 111.8°E / -66.35; 111.8 940 1977 419 [18]
Law Dome BHD ANARE [ ⚑ ] 66°44′S 112°50′E / 66.73333°S 112.83333°E / -66.73333; 112.83333 1390 1977 473 [41][42]
Mirnyy-Dome C Traverse ANARE/SAE various various 1977 10
Pionerskaya GM ANARE/SAE [ ⚑ ] 69°50′S 95°30′E / 69.83333°S 95.5°E / -69.83333; 95.5 1977 10 [18]
GM10 ANARE/SAE [ ⚑ ] 71°38′S 101°50′E / 71.63333°S 101.83333°E / -71.63333; 101.83333 2977 1977 10 [18]
GM7 ANARE/SAE [ ⚑ ] 70°27′S 97°51′E / 70.45°S 97.85°E / -70.45; 97.85 2758 1977 10 [18]
GM13 ANARE/SAE [ ⚑ ] 73°14′S 110°27′E / 73.23333°S 110.45°E / -73.23333; 110.45 2961 1977 10 [18]
GM23 ANARE/SAE [ ⚑ ] 74°39′S 124°10′E / 74.65°S 124.16667°E / -74.65; 124.16667 3240 1977 10 [18]
Mirnyy ANARE/SAE [ ⚑ ] 66°33′S 93°1′E / 66.55°S 93.01667°E / -66.55; 93.01667 c. 200 1977 10 [18]
Vostok ANARE/SAE [ ⚑ ] 78°28′S 106°48′E / 78.46667°S 106.8°E / -78.46667; 106.8 3500 1977 10 [18]
Vostok 1 ANARE/SAE [ ⚑ ] 72°8′S 96°35′E / 72.13333°S 96.58333°E / -72.13333; 96.58333 2940 1977 10 [18]
Komsomolskaya ANARE/SAE [ ⚑ ] 74°1′S 97°22′E / 74.01667°S 97.36667°E / -74.01667; 97.36667 c. 3400 1977 10 [18]
Mizuho JARE [ ⚑ ] 70°42′S 44°18′E / 70.7°S 44.3°E / -70.7; 44.3 2230 1977 46 [19]
J-9 PICO [ ⚑ ] 82°22′S 168°40′W / 82.36667°S 168.66667°W / -82.36667; -168.66667 60 1977 171 [7]
Dome C (I) CNRS [ ⚑ ] 74°39′S 124°10′E / 74.65°S 124.16667°E / -74.65; 124.16667 3240 1977-1978 905
Erebus Tongue DoE Canada/USARP [ ⚑ ] 77°41′S 167°0′E / 77.68333°S 167°E / -77.68333; 167 1977-1978 11 [7]
J-9 SAE/USARP [ ⚑ ] 82°23′S 168°38′W / 82.38333°S 168.63333°W / -82.38333; -168.63333 60 1978 416 [37][6]
Ross Ice Shelf 30 1978 416 [39]
South Pole PICO 90°00′S 2912 1978 111 [7]
Dome C (II) CNRS [ ⚑ ] 74°39′S 124°10′E / 74.65°S 124.16667°E / -74.65; 124.16667 3240 1978-1979 180 [12][43]
Shackleton Ice Shelf SAE c. [ ⚑ ] 65°50′S 96°30′E / 65.83333°S 96.5°E / -65.83333; 96.5 30 1978/1979 202 [31][39][6]
Camp Norway 3 NAE 1978–1979 [ ⚑ ] 72°19′S 16°14′W / 72.31667°S 16.23333°W / -72.31667; -16.23333 c. 510 1978-1979 13 [19]
Mirnyi Station 300 1979 320 [39]
South Pole PICO 90°00′S 2912 1979-1980 44 [7]
South Pole PICO 90°00′S 2912 1979-1980 32 [7]
Vostok PICO [ ⚑ ] 78°28′S 106°48′E / 78.46667°S 106.8°E / -78.46667; 106.8 3500 1979-1980 104 [7]
Vostok PICO [ ⚑ ] 78°28′S 106°48′E / 78.46667°S 106.8°E / -78.46667; 106.8 3500 1979-1980 104 [7]
Vostok PICO [ ⚑ ] 78°28′S 106°48′E / 78.46667°S 106.8°E / -78.46667; 106.8 3500 1979-1980 100 [7]
Vostok PICO [ ⚑ ] 78°28′S 106°48′E / 78.46667°S 106.8°E / -78.46667; 106.8 3500 1979-1980 60 [7]
Vostok PICO [ ⚑ ] 78°28′S 106°48′E / 78.46667°S 106.8°E / -78.46667; 106.8 3500 1979-1980 25 [7]
Adelie Land D57 1980-1981 203 [43]
South Pole PICO 90°00′S 1980-1982 237 [44]
Vostok 3G, 3G-1, and 3G-2 SAE [ ⚑ ] 78°28′S 106°48′E / 78.46667°S 106.8°E / -78.46667; 106.8 3488 1980-1985 2202
Palmer Land/Gomez [ ⚑ ] 74°1′S 70°38′W / 74.01667°S 70.63333°W / -74.01667; -70.63333 1130 1981 31 [33][34]
Palmer Land/Gomez [ ⚑ ] 74°1′S 70°38′W / 74.01667°S 70.63333°W / -74.01667; -70.63333 1130 1981 83 [33][34]
James Ross Island [ ⚑ ] 64°13′S 57°41′W / 64.21667°S 57.68333°W / -64.21667; -57.68333 1640 1981 151 [33][43]
Cape Folger BHC1 c. [ ⚑ ] 66°6′S 110°51′E / 66.1°S 110.85°E / -66.1; 110.85 1981-1982 301
Cape Folger BHC2 c. [ ⚑ ] 66°6′S 110°51′E / 66.1°S 110.85°E / -66.1; 110.85 1981-1982 344 [21][note 15]
Komsomolskaya 3498 1983 850 [45]
Ronne T340 c. [ ⚑ ] 78°40′S 55°30′W / 78.66667°S 55.5°W / -78.66667; -55.5 c. 20 1983-1984 100 [42]
Vostok 4G, 4G-1, and 4G-2 SAE [ ⚑ ] 78°28′S 106°48′E / 78.46667°S 106.8°E / -78.46667; 106.8 3488 1983-1989 2546
Dominion Range 2780 1984 201 [45]
Siple [ ⚑ ] 75°55′S 84°15′W / 75.91667°S 84.25°W / -75.91667; -84.25 1054 1985 302 [46]
Dolleman Island [ ⚑ ] 70°35′S 60°56′W / 70.58333°S 60.93333°W / -70.58333; -60.93333 398 1986 11 [33][34]
Dolleman Island [ ⚑ ] 70°35′S 60°56′W / 70.58333°S 60.93333°W / -70.58333; -60.93333 398 1986 32 [34][33]
Dolleman Island BAS [ ⚑ ] 70°35′S 60°56′W / 70.58333°S 60.93333°W / -70.58333; -60.93333 398 1986 133 [47][34]
Law Dome DE08 AAD [ ⚑ ] 66°43′S 113°12′E / 66.71667°S 113.2°E / -66.71667; 113.2 1250 1987 234 [48]
Emery Ice Shelf 20 1987-1989 252 [39]
Dome B 3600 1988 780 [45]
Dyer Plateau [ ⚑ ] 70°39′S 65°1′W / 70.65°S 65.01667°W / -70.65; -65.01667 1940 1988–1989 2 x 108 [49][42][note 16]
Dyer Plateau [ ⚑ ] 70°40′S 64°53′W / 70.66667°S 64.88333°W / -70.66667; -64.88333 2002 1989–1990 234 & 235 [49][42][note 16]
Dyer Plateau 1989–1990 2 x 50 [49][note 16]
Vostok 5G and 5G-1 SAE [ ⚑ ] 78°28′S 106°48′E / 78.46667°S 106.8°E / -78.46667; 106.8 3488 1990-2007 3661 [24][50][note 17]
Berkner Island (North Dome) [ ⚑ ] 78°18′S 46°17′W / 78.3°S 46.28333°W / -78.3; -46.28333 730 1990 11 [52]
Berkner Island (South Dome) [ ⚑ ] 79°36′S 45°37′W / 79.6°S 45.61667°W / -79.6; -45.61667 940 1990 11 [52]
Dolleman Island BAS [ ⚑ ] 70°35′S 60°56′W / 70.58333°S 60.93333°W / -70.58333; -60.93333 398 1992–1993 30 [53][54]
Law Dome ANARE [ ⚑ ] 66°46′S 112°48′E / 66.76667°S 112.8°E / -66.76667; 112.8 1370 1988-1993 1196 [45][31][55]
Taylor Dome 1993-1994 554 [31]
Berkner Island (North Dome) AWI/BAS [ ⚑ ] 78°19′S 46°17′W / 78.31667°S 46.28333°W / -78.31667; -46.28333 718 1995 151 [56]
Berkner Island (South Dome) AWI/BAS [ ⚑ ] 79°34′S 45°47′W / 79.56667°S 45.78333°W / -79.56667; -45.78333 890 1995 181 [56]
Dome Fuji 1995-1996 2504 [50]
Siple Dome 1996-1999 1004 [57]
Dome C DC1 EPICA 1996-1999 781 [57]
Dome C DC2 EPICA 1999-2004 3270 [57]
DML B33 EPICA [ ⚑ ] 75°10′S 6°30′W / 75.16667°S 6.5°W / -75.16667; -6.5 3160 1998 131 [58]
DML B32 EPICA [ ⚑ ] 75°0′S 0°0′W / 75°S -0°E / -75; -0 2882 1997 150 [58]
DML B31 EPICA [ ⚑ ] 75°35′S 3°26′W / 75.58333°S 3.43333°W / -75.58333; -3.43333 2669 1997 115 [58]
DML CV EPICA [ ⚑ ] 76°0′S 8°3′W / 76°S 8.05°W / -76; -8.05 2400 1998 120 [58]
DML BAS depot EPICA [ ⚑ ] 77°2′S 10°30′W / 77.03333°S 10.5°W / -77.03333; -10.5 2176 1998 122 [58]
DML Kohnen 2000-2006 2774 [57]
DML M150 EPICA [ ⚑ ] 75°0′S 15°0′W / 75°S 15°W / -75; -15 3457 2001 160 [58]
Berkner Island BAS 2002-2005 948 [57]
Dome Fuji 2003-2007 3035 [50]
Bruce Plateau IPY LARISSA [ ⚑ ] 66°2′S 64°4′W / 66.03333°S 64.06667°W / -66.03333; -64.06667 1976 2010 143 [59]
Bruce Plateau IPY LARISSA [ ⚑ ] 66°2′S 64°4′W / 66.03333°S 64.06667°W / -66.03333; -64.06667 1976 2010 448 [60][61]

Asia

Mainland and arctic islands

Core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Shokalsky Glacier AARI [ ⚑ ] 76°30′N 62°0′E / 76.5°N 62°E / 76.5; 62 c. 1000 1957 30 [62]
Elbrus, Caucasus USSR Academy of Science c. [ ⚑ ] 44°12′N 44°8′E / 44.2°N 44.13333°E / 44.2; 44.13333 c. 4000 1963 200 [62]
Alaty USSR Academy of Science c. [ ⚑ ] 50°0′N 87°30′E / 50°N 87.5°E / 50; 87.5 c. 4000 1965 200 [62]
Taisetsu Mountains ILTS c. [ ⚑ ] 43°30′N 143°0′E / 43.5°N 143°E / 43.5; 143 1730 1966 24 [62]
Besengi Glacier USSR Academy of Science c. [ ⚑ ] 44°12′N 42°40′E / 44.2°N 42.66667°E / 44.2; 42.66667 2700 1966 150 [62]
Rongbuk Glacier IGSNRR [ ⚑ ] 28°5′N 86°52′E / 28.08333°N 86.86667°E / 28.08333; 86.86667 5400 1966 12 [62]
Abramov Glacier CAHM, USSR c. [ ⚑ ] 39°0′N 72°0′E / 39°N 72°E / 39; 72 4400 1972 110 [39][62]
Abramov Glacier c. [ ⚑ ] 39°0′N 72°0′E / 39°N 72°E / 39; 72 4400 1973 50 [39][62]
Abramov Glacier c. [ ⚑ ] 39°0′N 72°0′E / 39°N 72°E / 39; 72 4400 1974 106 [39][62]
Pamir Mountains CAHM, USSR c. [ ⚑ ] 39°0′N 72°0′E / 39°N 72°E / 39; 72 c. 3000 1974 137 [39][62][note 18]
Obruchev Glacier, Polar Urals AARI c. [ ⚑ ] 65°0′N 60°0′E / 65°N 60°E / 65; 60 c. 600 1974 87 [39][62]
Obruchev Glacier, Polar Urals AARI c. [ ⚑ ] 65°0′N 60°0′E / 65°N 60°E / 65; 60 c. 600 1974 64 [39][62]
North Pole 19 AARI Various c. 5 1974 34
North Pole 19 AARI Various c. 10 1974 11 [62][note 19]
Vavilov Ice Cap 1975, 1976 150-560 (6 holes) [39][note 20]
Vavilov Dome c. [ ⚑ ] 80°0′N 96°0′E / 80°N 96°E / 80; 96 c. 780 1978 450 [62]
Vavilov Dome c. [ ⚑ ] 80°0′N 96°0′E / 80°N 96°E / 80; 96 c. 780 1978 459 [62]
Akademiay Nayk 700 1986-1987 560, 761 [39]
Elbrus, Caucasus 4100 1987 72, 72 [39]
Guliya Ice Cap, China 6200 1992 308 [39]
Windy Dome, Franz Josef Land 500 1997 36, 315 [39]
Belukha, Altai Research Institute for Humanity and Nature in Kyoto, Japan 4499 2003 171 [7]
Belukha, Altai (1) Ice Memory Project (University of Grenoble Alpes Foundation) <4506 2018 160 [8]
Belukha, Altai (2) Ice Memory Project (University of Grenoble Alpes Foundation) <4506 2018 106 [9]
Elbrus, Caucasus (1) Ice Memory Project (University of Grenoble Alpes Foundation) c. 5100 2018 150 [10]
Elbrus, Caucasus (2) Ice Memory Project (University of Grenoble Alpes Foundation) c. 5100 2018 120 [11]

Southeast Asia

Core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Meren A AUENG c. [ ⚑ ] 4°6′S 137°20′E / 4.1°S 137.33333°E / -4.1; 137.33333 4470 1972 9 [1]
Meren B AUENG c. [ ⚑ ] 4°6′S 137°20′E / 4.1°S 137.33333°E / -4.1; 137.33333 4523 1972 10 [1]
Meren D AUENG c. [ ⚑ ] 4°6′S 137°20′E / 4.1°S 137.33333°E / -4.1; 137.33333 4365 1972 10 [1]
Meren E AUENG c. [ ⚑ ] 4°6′S 137°20′E / 4.1°S 137.33333°E / -4.1; 137.33333 4417 1972 10 [1]
Meren X AUENG c. [ ⚑ ] 4°6′S 137°20′E / 4.1°S 137.33333°E / -4.1; 137.33333 4595 1972 10 [1]
Carstensz K AUENG c. [ ⚑ ] 4°4′S 137°20′E / 4.06667°S 137.33333°E / -4.06667; 137.33333 4495 1973 c. 10 [1]
Carstensz L AUENG c. [ ⚑ ] 4°4′S 137°20′E / 4.06667°S 137.33333°E / -4.06667; 137.33333 4536 1973 c. 10 [1]
Carstensz M AUENG c. [ ⚑ ] 4°4′S 137°20′E / 4.06667°S 137.33333°E / -4.06667; 137.33333 4595 1974 c. 10 [1]

Europe

Alps

Core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Vallée Blanche CNRS c. [ ⚑ ] 45°53′N 6°56′E / 45.88333°N 6.93333°E / 45.88333; 6.93333 c. 3550 1963 55 [63]
Vallée Blanche CNRS c. [ ⚑ ] 45°53′N 6°56′E / 45.88333°N 6.93333°E / 45.88333; 6.93333 c. 3550 1966 36 [63]
L 67 University of Innsbruck c. [ ⚑ ] 46°50′N 10°47′E / 46.83333°N 10.78333°E / 46.83333; 10.78333 3240 1967 17 [63]
J I University of Innsbruck [ ⚑ ] 46°33′N 7°58′E / 46.55°N 7.96667°E / 46.55; 7.96667 3489 1967 8 [63]
J II University of Innsbruck [ ⚑ ] 46°33′N 7°58′E / 46.55°N 7.96667°E / 46.55; 7.96667 3489 1967 8 [63]
JZ I University of Innsbruck [ ⚑ ] 46°33′N 7°58′E / 46.55°N 7.96667°E / 46.55; 7.96667 3471 1968 7 [63]
JZ II University of Innsbruck [ ⚑ ] 46°33′N 7°58′E / 46.55°N 7.96667°E / 46.55; 7.96667 3472 1968 6 [63]
JZ III University of Innsbruck [ ⚑ ] 46°33′N 7°58′E / 46.55°N 7.96667°E / 46.55; 7.96667 3470 1968 5 [63]
JZ IV University of Innsbruck [ ⚑ ] 46°33′N 7°58′E / 46.55°N 7.96667°E / 46.55; 7.96667 3473 1968 8 [63]
JZ V University of Innsbruck [ ⚑ ] 46°33′N 7°58′E / 46.55°N 7.96667°E / 46.55; 7.96667 3480 1968 10 [63]
JZ VI University of Innsbruck [ ⚑ ] 46°33′N 7°58′E / 46.55°N 7.96667°E / 46.55; 7.96667 3487 1968 9 [63]
JZ VII University of Innsbruck [ ⚑ ] 46°33′N 7°58′E / 46.55°N 7.96667°E / 46.55; 7.96667 3471 1968 5 [63]
Saint Sorlin CNRS [ ⚑ ] 45°11′N 6°10′E / 45.18333°N 6.16667°E / 45.18333; 6.16667 2800 1968 60 [63][note 21]
Saint Sorlin CNRS [ ⚑ ] 45°11′N 6°10′E / 45.18333°N 6.16667°E / 45.18333; 6.16667 2800 1968 67 [63][28][note 21]
Saint Sorlin CNRS [ ⚑ ] 45°11′N 6°10′E / 45.18333°N 6.16667°E / 45.18333; 6.16667 2800 1969 72 [63][28][note 21]
K I University of Innsbruck c. [ ⚑ ] 46°50′N 10°47′E / 46.83333°N 10.78333°E / 46.83333; 10.78333 c. 3350 1970 13 [63]
K II University of Innsbruck c. [ ⚑ ] 46°50′N 10°47′E / 46.83333°N 10.78333°E / 46.83333; 10.78333 c. 3285 1970 15 [63]
K III University of Innsbruck c. [ ⚑ ] 46°50′N 10°47′E / 46.83333°N 10.78333°E / 46.83333; 10.78333 c. 3275 1970 15 [63]
K IV University of Innsbruck c. [ ⚑ ] 46°50′N 10°47′E / 46.83333°N 10.78333°E / 46.83333; 10.78333 c. 3225 1970 16 [63]
K V University of Innsbruck c. [ ⚑ ] 46°50′N 10°47′E / 46.83333°N 10.78333°E / 46.83333; 10.78333 c. 3175 1970 16 [63]
K S University of Innsbruck c. [ ⚑ ] 46°50′N 10°47′E / 46.83333°N 10.78333°E / 46.83333; 10.78333 c. 3125 1970 11 [63]
K VII University of Innsbruck c. [ ⚑ ] 46°50′N 10°47′E / 46.83333°N 10.78333°E / 46.83333; 10.78333 c. 3082 1970 7 [63]
Vallée Blanche CNRS c. [ ⚑ ] 45°53′N 6°56′E / 45.88333°N 6.93333°E / 45.88333; 6.93333 c. 3550 1970 33 [63]
Vallée Blanche CNRS [ ⚑ ] 45°53′N 6°56′E / 45.88333°N 6.93333°E / 45.88333; 6.93333 3500 1971 40 [63]
Vallée Blanche CNRS [ ⚑ ] 45°53′N 6°56′E / 45.88333°N 6.93333°E / 45.88333; 6.93333 3500 1971 40 [63]
Vallée Blanche CNRS [ ⚑ ] 45°53′N 6°56′E / 45.88333°N 6.93333°E / 45.88333; 6.93333 3500 1971 187 [63]
P 1 University of Bern c. [ ⚑ ] 46°33′N 8°0′E / 46.55°N 8°E / 46.55; 8 3470 1972 c. 9 [63]
P 2 University of Bern c. [ ⚑ ] 46°33′N 8°0′E / 46.55°N 8°E / 46.55; 8 3470 1972 c. 10 [63]
Col du Dôme CNRS c. [ ⚑ ] 45°50′N 7°0′E / 45.83333°N 7°E / 45.83333; 7 4280 1973 25 [63]
Col du Dôme CNRS [ ⚑ ] 45°50′N 7°8′E / 45.83333°N 7.13333°E / 45.83333; 7.13333 4785 1973 17 [63]
PM 1 University of Bern c. [ ⚑ ] 46°24′N 7°32′E / 46.4°N 7.53333°E / 46.4; 7.53333 2750 1974 4 [63]
PM 2 University of Bern c. [ ⚑ ] 46°24′N 7°32′E / 46.4°N 7.53333°E / 46.4; 7.53333 2750 1974 2 [63]
PM 3 University of Bern c. [ ⚑ ] 46°24′N 7°32′E / 46.4°N 7.53333°E / 46.4; 7.53333 2750 1974 2 [63]
P3 University of Bern c. [ ⚑ ] 46°33′N 8°0′E / 46.55°N 8°E / 46.55; 8 3470 1974 c. 19 [63]
Col du Dôme CNRS c. [ ⚑ ] 45°50′N 7°8′E / 45.83333°N 7.13333°E / 45.83333; 7.13333 4250 1976 31 [63]
Colle Gnifetti University of Bern [ ⚑ ] 45°56′N 7°46′E / 45.93333°N 7.76667°E / 45.93333; 7.76667 4450 1976 33 [63]
Ewigsch-Neefeld University of Bern c. [ ⚑ ] 46°33′N 8°3′E / 46.55°N 8.05°E / 46.55; 8.05 3370 1976 29 [63]
Ewigsch-Neefeld University of Bern c. [ ⚑ ] 46°33′N 8°3′E / 46.55°N 8.05°E / 46.55; 8.05 3370 1977 35 [63]
Ewigsch-Neefeld University of Bern c. [ ⚑ ] 46°33′N 8°3′E / 46.55°N 8.05°E / 46.55; 8.05 3410 1977 36 [63]
Ewigsch-Neefeld University of Bern c. [ ⚑ ] 46°33′N 8°3′E / 46.55°N 8.05°E / 46.55; 8.05 3440 1977 39 [63]
Ewigsch-Neefeld University of Bern c. [ ⚑ ] 46°33′N 8°3′E / 46.55°N 8.05°E / 46.55; 8.05 3440 1977 35 [63]
Colle Gnifetti University of Bern [ ⚑ ] 45°56′N 7°46′E / 45.93333°N 7.76667°E / 45.93333; 7.76667 4450 1977 55 [63]
Colle Gnifetti University of Bern [ ⚑ ] 45°56′N 7°46′E / 45.93333°N 7.76667°E / 45.93333; 7.76667 4450 1977 65 [63]
Col du Dôme (1) Ice Memory Project (University of Grenoble Alpes Foundation) c. 4300 2016 126 [12]
Col du Dôme (2) Ice Memory Project (University of Grenoble Alpes Foundation) c. 4300 2016 128 [13]
Col du Dôme (3) Ice Memory Project (University of Grenoble Alpes Foundation) c. 4300 2016 129 [14]

Iceland

Core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Langjökull University of Iceland c. [ ⚑ ] 64°40′N 20°10′W / 64.66667°N 20.16667°W / 64.66667; -20.16667 1968 30 [64]
Bárðarbunga University of Iceland c. [ ⚑ ] 64°36′N 17°36′W / 64.6°N 17.6°W / 64.6; -17.6 1800 1968 42 [64]
Bárðarbunga University of Iceland c. [ ⚑ ] 64°36′N 17°36′W / 64.6°N 17.6°W / 64.6; -17.6 2000 1969 104 [64]
Bárðarbunga University of Iceland c. [ ⚑ ] 64°36′N 17°36′W / 64.6°N 17.6°W / 64.6; -17.6 1800 1970 27 [64]
Bárðarbunga University of Iceland c. [ ⚑ ] 64°36′N 17°36′W / 64.6°N 17.6°W / 64.6; -17.6 2000 1972 415 [64]

Scandinavia

Core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Svartisen Cambridge University c. [ ⚑ ] 66°40′N 14°0′E / 66.66667°N 14°E / 66.66667; 14 1368 1964 17 [65]
Svartisen Cambridge University c. [ ⚑ ] 66°40′N 14°0′E / 66.66667°N 14°E / 66.66667; 14 1322 1964 8 [65]
Svartisen Cambridge University c. [ ⚑ ] 66°40′N 14°0′E / 66.66667°N 14°E / 66.66667; 14 1121 1964 17 [65]
Tarfala University of Stockholm c. [ ⚑ ] 67°25′N 18°20′E / 67.41667°N 18.33333°E / 67.41667; 18.33333 1973 20 [65]

Spitzbergen

Core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Ice Divide AARI c. [ ⚑ ] 78°30′N 14°25′E / 78.5°N 14.41667°E / 78.5; 14.41667 450 1967 8 [64]
Ice Divide AARI c. [ ⚑ ] 78°30′N 14°25′E / 78.5°N 14.41667°E / 78.5; 14.41667 450 1975 211 [64]
Ice Divide AARI c. [ ⚑ ] 78°30′N 14°25′E / 78.5°N 14.41667°E / 78.5; 14.41667 450 1975 10 [64]
West Spitzbergen USSR Academy of Science 1976 211 [64]
Lomonosov Glacier USSR Academy of Science 1977 210 [64]
Spitzbergen 1975-1987 114-567 (9 holes)

North America

Canada

Core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Hole 1 USAF CRL c. [ ⚑ ] 85°30′N 90°0′W / 85.5°N 90°W / 85.5; -90 c. 4 1952 16 [66]
Penny Ice Cap AINA c. [ ⚑ ] 65°30′N 67°0′W / 65.5°N 67°W / 65.5; -67 c. 1800 1953 10 [66]
Penny Ice Cap AINA c. [ ⚑ ] 65°30′N 67°0′W / 65.5°N 67°W / 65.5; -67 c. 1800 1953 10 [66]
Penny Ice Cap AINA c. [ ⚑ ] 65°30′N 67°0′W / 65.5°N 67°W / 65.5; -67 c. 1800 1953 18 [66]
Hole 2 USAF CRL c. [ ⚑ ] 85°30′N 90°0′W / 85.5°N 90°W / 85.5; -90 c. 4 1953 16-33 [66]
Hole 3 USAF CRL c. [ ⚑ ] 85°30′N 90°0′W / 85.5°N 90°W / 85.5; -90 c. 4 1953 28 [66]
Penny Ice Cap A1 AINA [ ⚑ ] 66°58′N 65°29′W / 66.96667°N 65.48333°W / 66.96667; -65.48333 2080 1953 21 [66]
Hole 4 USAF CRL c. [ ⚑ ] 83°30′N 88°0′W / 83.5°N 88°W / 83.5; -88 c. 4 1955 12 [66]
Hole 5 USAF CRL c. [ ⚑ ] 83°30′N 88°0′W / 83.5°N 88°W / 83.5; -88 c. 4 1955 17 [66]
Hole 6 USAF CRL c. [ ⚑ ] 83°30′N 88°0′W / 83.5°N 88°W / 83.5; -88 c. 4 1955 15 [66]
Hole 7 USAF CRL c. [ ⚑ ] 83°30′N 88°0′W / 83.5°N 88°W / 83.5; -88 c. 4 1955 15 [66]
Hole 8 USAF CRL c. [ ⚑ ] 83°30′N 88°0′W / 83.5°N 88°W / 83.5; -88 c. 4 1955 21 [66]
Hole 9 USAF CRL c. [ ⚑ ] 83°30′N 88°0′W / 83.5°N 88°W / 83.5; -88 c. 4 1955 25 [66]
Trough SUNY Buffalo [ ⚑ ] 83°11′N 74°23′W / 83.18333°N 74.38333°W / 83.18333; -74.38333 c. 3 1960 35 [66]
Ridge SUNY Buffalo [ ⚑ ] 83°10′N 74°22′W / 83.16667°N 74.36667°W / 83.16667; -74.36667 7 1960 35 [66]
Reentrant SUNY Buffalo c. [ ⚑ ] 83°07′N 71°47′W / 83.11667°N 71.78333°W / 83.11667; -71.78333 c. 3 1960 11 [66]
Rise SUNY Buffalo c. [ ⚑ ] 83°08′N 74°5′W / 83.13333°N 74.08333°W / 83.13333; -74.08333 27 1960 52 [66]
Site Q Hokkaido University c. [ ⚑ ] 82°20′N 96°0′W / 82.33333°N 96°W / 82.33333; -96 4 1960 35 [66]
Site T Hokkaido University c. [ ⚑ ] 82°20′N 96°0′W / 82.33333°N 96°W / 82.33333; -96 1 1960 8 [66]
Kaskawulsh Glacier 1 University of Alberta [ ⚑ ] 60°44′N 139°42′W / 60.73333°N 139.7°W / 60.73333; -139.7 2520 1963 7 [66]
Kaskawulsh Glacier 2 University of Alberta c. [ ⚑ ] 60°47′N 139°45′W / 60.78333°N 139.75°W / 60.78333; -139.75 2650 1963 4 [66]
Meighen Ice Cap PCSP c. [ ⚑ ] 79°54′N 99°6′W / 79.9°N 99.1°W / 79.9; -99.1 260 1965 121 [66]
Devon 71 PCSP [ ⚑ ] 75°18′N 82°18′W / 75.3°N 82.3°W / 75.3; -82.3 c. 1800 1972 230 [66]
B0 University of Minnesota c. [ ⚑ ] 69°43′N 71°58′W / 69.71667°N 71.96667°W / 69.71667; -71.96667 c. 590 1971 10 [66]
B1 University of Minnesota c. [ ⚑ ] 69°43′N 71°58′W / 69.71667°N 71.96667°W / 69.71667; -71.96667 c. 600 1971 17 [66]
B1 University of Minnesota c. [ ⚑ ] 69°43′N 71°58′W / 69.71667°N 71.96667°W / 69.71667; -71.96667 c. 590 1971 8 [66]
B2 University of Minnesota c. [ ⚑ ] 69°43′N 71°58′W / 69.71667°N 71.96667°W / 69.71667; -71.96667 c. 610 1972 22 [66]
Devon 72 PCSP [ ⚑ ] 75°18′N 82°18′W / 75.3°N 82.3°W / 75.3; -82.3 1800 1972 299 [2][66]
Devon Camp PCSP [ ⚑ ] 75°18′N 82°18′W / 75.3°N 82.3°W / 75.3; -82.3 1800 1972 10 [2][66]
T3 Nagoya University Various c. 4 1973 30
T3 Nagoya University Various c. 4 1973 31 [66][note 22]
Devon 73 PCSP [ ⚑ ] 75°18′N 82°18′W / 75.3°N 82.3°W / 75.3; -82.3 1800 1973 299 [2][66]
Devon PCSP [ ⚑ ] 75°18′N 82°18′W / 75.3°N 82.3°W / 75.3; -82.3 1800 1974 12 [66]
South Cape PCSP [ ⚑ ] 76°52′N 86°5′W / 76.86667°N 86.08333°W / 76.86667; -86.08333 1402 1974 12 [66]
Saddle PCSP [ ⚑ ] 76°38′N 79°25′W / 76.63333°N 79.41667°W / 76.63333; -79.41667 902 1974 12 [66]
Parrish Glacier PCSP [ ⚑ ] 79°50′N 76°40′W / 79.83333°N 76.66667°W / 79.83333; -76.66667 1760 1974 12 [66]
Central 1 PCSP [ ⚑ ] 78°3′N 81°0′W / 78.05°N 81°W / 78.05; -81 1266 1974 12 [66]
Central 2 PCSP [ ⚑ ] 78°34′N 79°30′W / 78.56667°N 79.5°W / 78.56667; -79.5 1688 1974 12 [66]
Mer de Glace PCSP [ ⚑ ] 80°46′N 73°30′W / 80.76667°N 73.5°W / 80.76667; -73.5 1820 1974 12 [66]
Axel Heiberg PCSP [ ⚑ ] 79°46′N 91°13′W / 79.76667°N 91.21667°W / 79.76667; -91.21667 1840 1974 12 [66]
Ellesmere Island Site 1 McGill University [ ⚑ ] 78°25′N 80°0′W / 78.41667°N 80°W / 78.41667; -80 1387 1974 26 [66]
Ellesmere Island Site 2 McGill University [ ⚑ ] 77°33′N 80°20′W / 77.55°N 80.33333°W / 77.55; -80.33333 1346 1974 22 [66]
Ellesmere Island Site 3 McGill University [ ⚑ ] 76°38′N 78°22′W / 76.63333°N 78.36667°W / 76.63333; -78.36667 658 1974 10 [66]
Ellesmere Island Site 4 PCSP [ ⚑ ] 76°35′N 79°45′W / 76.58333°N 79.75°W / 76.58333; -79.75 903 1974 4 [66]
T0975 University of Minnesota [ ⚑ ] 69°52′N 72°5′W / 69.86667°N 72.08333°W / 69.86667; -72.08333 508 1975 53 [66]
NW Col California DoE [ ⚑ ] 60°34′N 140°24′W / 60.56667°N 140.4°W / 60.56667; -140.4 5339 1975 16 [66]
NW Col California DoE [ ⚑ ] 60°34′N 140°41′W / 60.56667°N 140.68333°W / 60.56667; -140.68333 5339 1976 8 [66]
T061 University of Minnesota [ ⚑ ] 69°48′N 72°7′W / 69.8°N 72.11667°W / 69.8; -72.11667 745 1976 223 [66]
T081 University of Minnesota [ ⚑ ] 69°51′N 72°6′W / 69.85°N 72.1°W / 69.85; -72.1 745 1977 c. 160 [66]
Mer de Glace Agassiz PCSP c. [ ⚑ ] 80°46′N 73°30′W / 80.76667°N 73.5°W / 80.76667; -73.5 c. 1820 1977 337 [66]
Mer de Glace Agassiz PCSP c. [ ⚑ ] 80°46′N 73°30′W / 80.76667°N 73.5°W / 80.76667; -73.5 c. 1820 1977 20 [66]
Mount Logan California DoE [ ⚑ ] 60°34′N 140°24′W / 60.56667°N 140.4°W / 60.56667; -140.4 5339 1978 19 [66]
TO20 University of Minnesota [ ⚑ ] 69°45′N 72°9′W / 69.75°N 72.15°W / 69.75; -72.15 862 1978 300 [66]
Mer de Glace Agassiz PCSP c. [ ⚑ ] 80°47′N 73°30′W / 80.78333°N 73.5°W / 80.78333; -73.5 c. 1850 1979 149 [66]
Mount Logan [ ⚑ ] 60°35′N 140°35′W / 60.58333°N 140.58333°W / 60.58333; -140.58333 5340 1980 103 [67]
Mount Logan GSC [ ⚑ ] 60°35′N 140°30′W / 60.58333°N 140.5°W / 60.58333; -140.5 5300 2001-2002 186 [68]

Greenland

Site/core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Camp IV EPF [ ⚑ ] 69°40′N 49°31′W / 69.66667°N 49.51667°W / 69.66667; -49.51667 1098 1949 50 [69]
Camp VI EPF [ ⚑ ] 69°42′N 48°16′W / 69.7°N 48.26667°W / 69.7; -48.26667 1598 1950 47 [69][70][71]
Camp VI EPF [ ⚑ ] 69°42′N 48°16′W / 69.7°N 48.26667°W / 69.7; -48.26667 1598 1950 126 [70][71]
Milcent EPF [ ⚑ ] 70°18′04″N 44°33′13″W / 70.30111°N 44.55361°W / 70.30111; -44.55361 2450 1950 52 [72][69]
Station Centrale EPF [ ⚑ ] 70°55′N 40°38′W / 70.91667°N 40.63333°W / 70.91667; -40.63333 2994 1950 55 [69]
Station Centrale EPF [ ⚑ ] 70°55′N 40°38′W / 70.91667°N 40.63333°W / 70.91667; -40.63333 2994 1950 151 [69][70][71][73]
Station Centrale EPF [ ⚑ ] 70°55′N 40°38′W / 70.91667°N 40.63333°W / 70.91667; -40.63333 2994 1950 31 [69]
FD-32 [ ⚑ ] 66°16′N 47°46′W / 66.26667°N 47.76667°W / 66.26667; -47.76667 1828 1953 10 [69]
Site 2 SIPRE [ ⚑ ] 76°59′N 56°04′W / 76.98333°N 56.06667°W / 76.98333; -56.06667 2100 1954 48 [69]
Site 2 SIPRE [ ⚑ ] 76°59′N 56°04′W / 76.98333°N 56.06667°W / 76.98333; -56.06667 2100 1956 305 [69][9][74][75]
Site 2 SIPRE [ ⚑ ] 76°59′N 56°04′W / 76.98333°N 56.06667°W / 76.98333; -56.06667 2100 1957 411 [69][9][74][75]
Camp Century CRREL [ ⚑ ] 77°10′N 61°08′W / 77.16667°N 61.13333°W / 77.16667; -61.13333 1885 1961 186 [71][76][77]
Camp Century CRREL [ ⚑ ] 77°10′N 61°08′W / 77.16667°N 61.13333°W / 77.16667; -61.13333 1885 1962 238 [71][76][77]
Camp Century CRREL [ ⚑ ] 77°10′N 61°08′W / 77.16667°N 61.13333°W / 77.16667; -61.13333 1885 1963–1966 1388 [71][76][77]
Camp Century CRREL [ ⚑ ] 77°10′N 61°08′W / 77.16667°N 61.13333°W / 77.16667; -61.13333 1885 1964 12 [69]
Hole 1 AINA/USAF CRL [ ⚑ ] 77°55′N 39°14′W / 77.91667°N 39.23333°W / 77.91667; -39.23333 2402 1966 60 [69]
Hole 2 AINA/USAF CRL [ ⚑ ] 77°55′N 39°14′W / 77.91667°N 39.23333°W / 77.91667; -39.23333 2402 1966 60 [69]
Hole 3 AINA/USAF CRL [ ⚑ ] 77°55′N 39°14′W / 77.91667°N 39.23333°W / 77.91667; -39.23333 2402 1966 51 [69]
Hole 4 AINA/USAF CRL [ ⚑ ] 77°55′N 39°11′W / 77.91667°N 39.18333°W / 77.91667; -39.18333 2402 1966 60 [69]
Carrefour EGIG [ ⚑ ] 69°49′N 47°26′W / 69.81667°N 47.43333°W / 69.81667; -47.43333 1849 1967 20 [69]
Carrefour EGIG [ ⚑ ] 69°49′N 47°26′W / 69.81667°N 47.43333°W / 69.81667; -47.43333 1849 1967 10 [69]
Carrefour EGIG [ ⚑ ] 69°49′N 47°26′W / 69.81667°N 47.43333°W / 69.81667; -47.43333 1850 1968 22 [69]
Milcent EGIG [ ⚑ ] 70°18′N 44°33′W / 70.3°N 44.55°W / 70.3; -44.55 2450 1968 11 [69]
Station Centrale EGIG [ ⚑ ] 70°55′N 40°38′W / 70.91667°N 40.63333°W / 70.91667; -40.63333 2994 1968 35 [69]
Crête EGIG [ ⚑ ] 71°07′N 37°19′W / 71.11667°N 37.31667°W / 71.11667; -37.31667 3174 1968 30 [69]
Jarl Joset EGIG [ ⚑ ] 71°21′N 33°29′W / 71.35°N 33.48333°W / 71.35; -33.48333 2867 1968 12 [69]
Depot 420 EGIG [ ⚑ ] 72°14′N 32°20′W / 72.23333°N 32.33333°W / 72.23333; -32.33333 c. 2750 1968 12 [69]
Depot 480 EGIG [ ⚑ ] 72°6′N 30°0′W / 72.1°N 30°W / 72.1; -30 2500 1968 20 [69]
Dye 3 GISP [ ⚑ ] 65°11′N 43°50′W / 65.18333°N 43.83333°W / 65.18333; -43.83333 2480 1971 25 [69]
Dye 3 GISP [ ⚑ ] 65°11′N 43°49′W / 65.18333°N 43.81667°W / 65.18333; -43.81667 2486 1971 372 [71][9][77]
North Site GISP [ ⚑ ] 75°46′N 42°27′W / 75.76667°N 42.45°W / 75.76667; -42.45 2842 1972 15 [69][71][78][77][79]
Crête GISP [ ⚑ ] 71°07′N 37°19′W / 71.11667°N 37.31667°W / 71.11667; -37.31667 3172 1972 15 [77][79][note 20][note 23]
Milcent GISP [ ⚑ ] 70°18′N 45°35′W / 70.3°N 45.58333°W / 70.3; -45.58333 2450 1973 398 [71][78][77]
Dye 2 GISP [ ⚑ ] 66°23′N 46°11′W / 66.38333°N 46.18333°W / 66.38333; -46.18333 2200 1973 50 [69][79][note 20][note 24]
Summit GISP [ ⚑ ] 71°17′N 37°56′W / 71.28333°N 37.93333°W / 71.28333; -37.93333 3244 1974 31 [69][79][note 25]
Crête GISP [ ⚑ ] 71°07′N 37°19′W / 71.11667°N 37.31667°W / 71.11667; -37.31667 3174 1974 23 [69]
Crête GISP [ ⚑ ] 71°07′N 37°19′W / 71.11667°N 37.31667°W / 71.11667; -37.31667 3174 1974 50 [69]
Crête GISP [ ⚑ ] 71°07′N 37°19′W / 71.11667°N 37.31667°W / 71.11667; -37.31667 3172 1974 405 [71][9][77]
Dye 2 GISP [ ⚑ ] 66°23′N 46°11′W / 66.38333°N 46.18333°W / 66.38333; -46.18333 2200 1974 23 [69]
Dye 2 GISP [ ⚑ ] 66°23′N 46°11′W / 66.38333°N 46.18333°W / 66.38333; -46.18333 2200 1974 50 [69]
Dye 2 GISP [ ⚑ ] 66°23′N 46°11′W / 66.38333°N 46.18333°W / 66.38333; -46.18333 2200 1974 101 [69][79]
V McGill University [ ⚑ ] 77°4′N 70°25′W / 77.06667°N 70.41667°W / 77.06667; -70.41667 1173 1974 7 [69]
VI McGill University [ ⚑ ] 76°46′N 64°35′W / 76.76667°N 64.58333°W / 76.76667; -64.58333 1560 1974 22 [69]
Dye 3 GISP [ ⚑ ] 65°11′N 43°49′W / 65.18333°N 43.81667°W / 65.18333; -43.81667 2486 1975 95 [79][77]
Dye 3 GISP [ ⚑ ] 65°11′N 43°50′W / 65.18333°N 43.83333°W / 65.18333; -43.83333 2480 1975 378 [69]
South Dome GISP [ ⚑ ] 63°33′N 44°36′W / 63.55°N 44.6°W / 63.55; -44.6 2854 1975 80 [69][79]
South Dome GISP [ ⚑ ] 63°33′N 44°36′W / 63.55°N 44.6°W / 63.55; -44.6 2854 1975 30 [69][20]
Hans Tausen GISP [ ⚑ ] 82°30′N 38°20′W / 82.5°N 38.33333°W / 82.5; -38.33333 1271 1975 60 [79]
Hans Tausen GISP [ ⚑ ] 82°30′N 38°20′W / 82.5°N 38.33333°W / 82.5; -38.33333 1271 1976 50 [79]
Hans Tausen Hans Tausen [ ⚑ ] 82°30′N 38°20′W / 82.5°N 38.33333°W / 82.5; -38.33333 1290 1995 346 [80]
D 6 GISP [ ⚑ ] 65°12′N 43°47′W / 65.2°N 43.78333°W / 65.2; -43.78333 2488 1975 11 [69]
DS-1 GISP [ ⚑ ] 63°36′N 44°55′W / 63.6°N 44.91667°W / 63.6; -44.91667 1847 1975 11 [69]
DS-2 GISP [ ⚑ ] 63°33′N 44°56′W / 63.55°N 44.93333°W / 63.55; -44.93333 2503 1975 11 [69]
DS-3 GISP [ ⚑ ] 63°42′N 44°32′W / 63.7°N 44.53333°W / 63.7; -44.53333 2488 1975 11 [69]
South Dome GISP [ ⚑ ] 63°33′N 44°36′W / 63.55°N 44.6°W / 63.55; -44.6 2854 1975 11 [69]
ST-1 GISP [ ⚑ ] 65°18′N 43°47′W / 65.3°N 43.78333°W / 65.3; -43.78333 2476 1975 12 [69]
SDS-1 GISP [ ⚑ ] 65°42′N 44°46′W / 65.7°N 44.76667°W / 65.7; -44.76667 2620 1975 11 [69]
SDS-2 GISP [ ⚑ ] 65°32′N 44°7′W / 65.53333°N 44.11667°W / 65.53333; -44.11667 2618 1975 11 [69]
SDS-3 GISP [ ⚑ ] 65°50′N 44°7′W / 65.83333°N 44.11667°W / 65.83333; -44.11667 2640 1975 11 [69]
SAS GISP [ ⚑ ] 65°40′N 44°19′W / 65.66667°N 44.31667°W / 65.66667; -44.31667 2637 1975 11 [69]
SN GISP [ ⚑ ] 66°11′N 43°40′W / 66.18333°N 43.66667°W / 66.18333; -43.66667 2574 1975 11 [69]
SNS-1 GISP [ ⚑ ] 66°28′N 44°50′W / 66.46667°N 44.83333°W / 66.46667; -44.83333 2457 1975 11 [69]
SNS-2 GISP [ ⚑ ] 65°55′N 42°43′W / 65.91667°N 42.71667°W / 65.91667; -42.71667 2365 1975 11 [69]
A-1 GISP [ ⚑ ] 67°27′N 41°59′W / 67.45°N 41.98333°W / 67.45; -41.98333 2670 1975 11 [69]
A-1-S-1 GISP [ ⚑ ] 67°2′N 41°51′W / 67.03333°N 41.85°W / 67.03333; -41.85 2563 1975 11 [69]
A-1-S-2 GISP [ ⚑ ] 67°51′N 43°7′W / 67.85°N 43.11667°W / 67.85; -43.11667 2606 1975 11 [69]
D-4 GISP c. [ ⚑ ] 65°12′N 43°47′W / 65.2°N 43.78333°W / 65.2; -43.78333 2490 1975 11 [69]
D-5 GISP c. [ ⚑ ] 65°12′N 43°47′W / 65.2°N 43.78333°W / 65.2; -43.78333 2490 1975 11 [69]
Dye 2 GISP [ ⚑ ] 66°23′N 46°11′W / 66.38333°N 46.18333°W / 66.38333; -46.18333 2200 1975 20 [69][20]
Dye 3 GISP [ ⚑ ] 65°11′N 43°49′W / 65.18333°N 43.81667°W / 65.18333; -43.81667 2486 1976 93 [79][77]
Dye 2 GISP [ ⚑ ] 66°23′N 46°11′W / 66.38333°N 46.18333°W / 66.38333; -46.18333 2200 1977 84 [69][79][37]
Camp Century GISP [ ⚑ ] 77°10′N 61°08′W / 77.16667°N 61.13333°W / 77.16667; -61.13333 1885 1977 100 [79][77]
Camp Century GISP [ ⚑ ] 77°11′N 61°5′W / 77.18333°N 61.08333°W / 77.18333; -61.08333 1890 1977 101 [69]
Camp Century GISP [ ⚑ ] 77°13′N 60°48′W / 77.21667°N 60.8°W / 77.21667; -60.8 1922 1977 78 [69]
Camp Century GISP [ ⚑ ] 77°13′N 60°48′W / 77.21667°N 60.8°W / 77.21667; -60.8 1922 1977 71 [69]
North Central 1 GISP [ ⚑ ] 74°37′N 39°36′W / 74.61667°N 39.6°W / 74.61667; -39.6 2941 1977 100 [69][79]
North Central 2 GISP [ ⚑ ] 74°37′N 39°36′W / 74.61667°N 39.6°W / 74.61667; -39.6 2941 1977 c. 109 [69]
North Central GISP [ ⚑ ] 74°37′N 39°36′W / 74.61667°N 39.6°W / 74.61667; -39.6 2941 1977 102 [69]
Dye 3 GISP [ ⚑ ] 65°11′N 43°50′W / 65.18333°N 43.83333°W / 65.18333; -43.83333 2480 1978 c. 90 [69]
Camp III GISP [ ⚑ ] 69°43′N 50°08′W / 69.71667°N 50.13333°W / 69.71667; -50.13333 615 1977 49 [69][79][note 26]
Camp III GISP [ ⚑ ] 69°43′N 50°08′W / 69.71667°N 50.13333°W / 69.71667; -50.13333 615 1978 80 [69][79][note 27]
Dye 3 GISP [ ⚑ ] 65°11′N 43°49′W / 65.18333°N 43.81667°W / 65.18333; -43.81667 2486 1979–1981 2037 [71][81][82][80][77]
Site A core 1 GISP [ ⚑ ] 70°38′6″N 36°10′48″W / 70.635°N 36.18°W / 70.635; -36.18 3092 1985 96 [83][84][37]
Site A core 2 GISP [ ⚑ ] 70°38′6″N 36°10′48″W / 70.635°N 36.18°W / 70.635; -36.18 3092 1985 129 [83][84][37]
Site B GISP [ ⚑ ] 70°39′3″N 38°31′16″W / 70.65083°N 38.52111°W / 70.65083; -38.52111 3138 1984 106 [83]
Site C GISP [ ⚑ ] 70°40′37″N 39°12′47″W / 70.67694°N 39.21306°W / 70.67694; -39.21306 3072 1984 25 [83]
Site D GISP [ ⚑ ] 70°38′23″N 40°22′56″W / 70.63972°N 40.38222°W / 70.63972; -40.38222 3018 1984 100 [83]
Site E GISP [ ⚑ ] 71°45′33″N 36°8′58″W / 71.75917°N 36.14944°W / 71.75917; -36.14944 3087 1985 78 [83]
Site F GISP [ ⚑ ] 71°29′31″N 36°7′8″W / 71.49194°N 36.11889°W / 71.49194; -36.11889 3092 1985 26 [83]
Site G GISP [ ⚑ ] 71°9′18″N 36°9′44″W / 71.155°N 36.16222°W / 71.155; -36.16222 3098 1985 71 [83]
Site H GISP [ ⚑ ] 70°51′54″N 36°9′43″W / 70.865°N 36.16194°W / 70.865; -36.16194 3102 1985 26 [83]
Renland [ ⚑ ] 71°18′N 26°42′W / 71.3°N 26.7°W / 71.3; -26.7 2340 1988 324 [80][77]
Summit GRIP [ ⚑ ] 72°34′44.4″N 37°33′55.2″W / 72.579°N 37.565333°W / 72.579; -37.565333 3232 1989–1992 3029 [80][77][85]
GISP2 core D [ ⚑ ] 72°35′N 38°28′W / 72.58333°N 38.46667°W / 72.58333; -38.46667 3053 1989–1993 3053 [86][87][77][37]
GISP2 core G1 [ ⚑ ] 72°35′N 38°28′W / 72.58333°N 38.46667°W / 72.58333; -38.46667 3203 1990 103 [37]
GISP2 core G2 [ ⚑ ] 72°35′N 38°28′W / 72.58333°N 38.46667°W / 72.58333; -38.46667 3203 1991 110 [37]
NASA-U-1 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 73°51′N 49°30′W / 73.85°N 49.5°W / 73.85; -49.5 2369 1995 151 [88]
NASA-U-2 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 73°51′N 49°30′W / 73.85°N 49.5°W / 73.85; -49.5 2369 1995 21 [88]
NASA-U-3 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 73°51′N 49°30′W / 73.85°N 49.5°W / 73.85; -49.5 2369 1995 20 [88]
Humboldt-M PARCA [ ⚑ ] 78°32′N 56°50′W / 78.53333°N 56.83333°W / 78.53333; -56.83333 1995 1995 147 [88]
Humboldt-N PARCA [ ⚑ ] 78°45′N 56°50′W / 78.75°N 56.83333°W / 78.75; -56.83333 1905 1995 21 [88]
Humboldt-E PARCA [ ⚑ ] 78°36′N 55°42′W / 78.6°N 55.7°W / 78.6; -55.7 2045 1995 21 [88]
Humboldt-S PARCA [ ⚑ ] 78°19′N 56°50′W / 78.31667°N 56.83333°W / 78.31667; -56.83333 2058 1995 21 [88]
Humboldt-W PARCA [ ⚑ ] 78°27′N 56°57′W / 78.45°N 56.95°W / 78.45; -56.95 1924 1995 21 [88]
GITS-Core 1 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 77°9′N 61°6′W / 77.15°N 61.1°W / 77.15; -61.1 1887 1996 22 [88]
GITS-Core 2 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 77°9′N 61°6′W / 77.15°N 61.1°W / 77.15; -61.1 1887 1996 121 [88]
Tunu-1 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 78°1′N 34°0′W / 78.01667°N 34°W / 78.01667; -34 2113 1996 69 [88]
Tunu-2 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 78°1′N 34°0′W / 78.01667°N 34°W / 78.01667; -34 2113 1996 19 [88]
Tunu-N25 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 78°20′N 33°53′W / 78.33333°N 33.88333°W / 78.33333; -33.88333 c. 2050 1996 15 [88]
Tunu-E25 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 78°0′N 32°56′W / 78°N 32.93333°W / 78; -32.93333 c. 1990 1996 12 [88]
Tunu-W25 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 78°2′N 35°4′W / 78.03333°N 35.06667°W / 78.03333; -35.06667 c. 2460 1996 15 [88]
Tunu-N50 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 78°28′N 33°50′W / 78.46667°N 33.83333°W / 78.46667; -33.83333 c. 2050 1996 15 [88]
Tunu-E50 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 77°59′N 31°52′W / 77.98333°N 31.86667°W / 77.98333; -31.86667 c. 2090 1996 15 [88]
Tunu-W50 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 78°2′N 36°8′W / 78.03333°N 36.13333°W / 78.03333; -36.13333 c. 2470 1996 15 [88]
South Dome-1 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 63°9′N 44°49′W / 63.15°N 44.81667°W / 63.15; -44.81667 2850 1997 25 [88]
South Dome-2 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 63°9′N 44°49′W / 63.15°N 44.81667°W / 63.15; -44.81667 2850 1997 15 [88]
Tunu South-1 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 69°30′N 34°30′W / 69.5°N 34.5°W / 69.5; -34.5 2650 1997 21 [88]
Tunu South-2 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 69°30′N 34°30′W / 69.5°N 34.5°W / 69.5; -34.5 2650 1997 10 [88]
Tunu South-3 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 69°30′N 34°30′W / 69.5°N 34.5°W / 69.5; -34.5 2650 1997 10 [88]
NASA East-1 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 75°0′N 30°0′W / 75°N 30°W / 75; -30 2631 1997 21 [88]
NASA East-2 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 75°0′N 30°0′W / 75°N 30°W / 75; -30 2631 1997 11 [88]
7147 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 71°3′N 47°14′W / 71.05°N 47.23333°W / 71.05; -47.23333 2134 1997 20 [88]
7247 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 71°56′N 47°29′W / 71.93333°N 47.48333°W / 71.93333; -47.48333 2277 1997 20 [88]
7551 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 75°0′N 51°0′W / 75°N 51°W / 75; -51 c. 2200 1997 21 [88]
7653-1 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 76°0′N 53°0′W / 76°N 53°W / 76; -53 c. 2200 1997 15 [88]
7653-2 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 76°0′N 53°0′W / 76°N 53°W / 76; -53 c. 2200 1997 5 [88]
N. Dye 3 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 66°0′N 44°30′W / 66°N 44.5°W / 66; -44.5 2640 1997 19 [89]
N. Dye 3 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 66°0′N 44°30′W / 66°N 44.5°W / 66; -44.5 2640 1997 17 [89]
6945-1 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 69°0′N 45°0′W / 69°N 45°W / 69; -45 c. 2150 1998 19 [88]
6943 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 69°12′N 43°0′W / 69.2°N 43°W / 69.2; -43 c. 2500 1998 12 [88]
6941 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 69°24′N 41°0′W / 69.4°N 41°W / 69.4; -41 c. 2765 1998 12 [88]
6939 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 69°36′N 39°0′W / 69.6°N 39°W / 69.6; -39 c. 2955 1998 12 [88]
6841 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 68°0′N 41°0′W / 68°N 41°W / 68; -41 c. 2640 1998 12 [88]
6745 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 67°30′N 45°0′W / 67.5°N 45°W / 67.5; -45 c. 2250 1998 12 [88]
6839 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 68°30′N 39°30′W / 68.5°N 39.5°W / 68.5; -39.5 c. 2790 1998 12 [88]
6938 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 69°0′N 38°0′W / 69°N 38°W / 69; -38 c. 2920 1998 12 [88]
6642-2 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 66°30′N 42°30′W / 66.5°N 42.5°W / 66.5; -42.5 c. 2380 1998 21 [88]
6345 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 63°48′N 45°0′W / 63.8°N 45°W / 63.8; -45 c. 2730 1998 15 [88]
6348 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 63°48′N 45°0′W / 63.8°N 45°W / 63.8; -45 c. 1960 1998 15 [88]
7249 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 72°12′N 49°24′W / 72.2°N 49.4°W / 72.2; -49.4 c. 2170 1998 15 [88]
7347 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 73°36′N 47°12′W / 73.6°N 47.2°W / 73.6; -47.2 c. 2600 1998 12 [88]
7345 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 73°0′N 45°0′W / 73°N 45°W / 73; -45 c. 2815 1998 15 [88]
7145 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 71°30′N 45°0′W / 71.5°N 45°W / 71.5; -45 c. 2615 1998 12 [88]
7245 PARCA [ ⚑ ] 72°15′N 45°0′W / 72.25°N 45°W / 72.25; -45 c. 2770 1998 12 [88]
Flade Isblink U. Copenhagen [ ⚑ ] 81°17′33.36″N 15°42′10.44″W / 81.2926°N 15.7029°W / 81.2926; -15.7029 1290 2006 425 [90]
NorthGRIP NorthGRIP [ ⚑ ] 75°6′N 42°18′W / 75.1°N 42.3°W / 75.1; -42.3 2959 1996–2003 3080 [80][77][31]
NEEM NEEM [ ⚑ ] 77°27′N 51°4′W / 77.45°N 51.06667°W / 77.45; -51.06667 2484 2008–2010 2537 [91][92][93]
EastGRIP EastGRIP [ ⚑ ] 75°38′N 35°59′W / 75.63333°N 35.98333°W / 75.63333; -35.98333 2708 2015–2020 [94]

United States

Core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Taku Glacier AGS [ ⚑ ] 58°33′N 134°8′W / 58.55°N 134.13333°W / 58.55; -134.13333 1110 1950 91 [95]
Mount Wrangell University of Alaska c. [ ⚑ ] 62°0′N 144°0′W / 62°N 144°W / 62; -144 c. 4200 1961 10 [95]
Mount Wrangell University of Alaska c. [ ⚑ ] 62°0′N 144°0′W / 62°N 144°W / 62; -144 c. 4200 1961 10 [95]
Mount Wrangell University of Alaska c. [ ⚑ ] 62°0′N 144°0′W / 62°N 144°W / 62; -144 c. 4200 1961 10 [95]
Mount Wrangell University of Alaska c. [ ⚑ ] 62°0′N 144°0′W / 62°N 144°W / 62; -144 c. 4200 1961 10 [95]
Blue Glacier University of California [ ⚑ ] 47°49′N 123°41′W / 47.81667°N 123.68333°W / 47.81667; -123.68333 c. 1325 1962 137 [95]
Blue Glacier University of Washington [ ⚑ ] 47°49′N 123°41′W / 47.81667°N 123.68333°W / 47.81667; -123.68333 c. 1325 1971 40 [95]
Blue Glacier University of Washington [ ⚑ ] 47°49′N 123°41′W / 47.81667°N 123.68333°W / 47.81667; -123.68333 c. 1325 1971 90 [95]
Mount Wrangell [ ⚑ ] 62°0′N 144°0′W / 62°N 144°W / 62; -144 4000 1982 46 [96][note 28]

Oceania

New Zealand

Core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Tasman Glacier NZGS c. [ ⚑ ] 43°30′S 170°15′E / 43.5°S 170.25°E / -43.5; 170.25 2340 1970 12 [97]

South America

Bolivia

Core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Illimani glacier (1) Ice Memory Project (University of Grenoble Alpes Foundation) 6309 2017 137 [15]
Illimani glacier (2) Ice Memory Project (University of Grenoble Alpes Foundation) 6309 2017 134 [16]

Peru

Core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Summit IPS [ ⚑ ] 13°56′S 70°50′W / 13.93333°S 70.83333°W / -13.93333; -70.83333 5650 1976 7 [97]
Middle Dome IPS [ ⚑ ] 13°56′S 70°50′W / 13.93333°S 70.83333°W / -13.93333; -70.83333 5650 1976 15 [97]
South Dome IPS [ ⚑ ] 13°56′S 70°50′W / 13.93333°S 70.83333°W / -13.93333; -70.83333 5650 1976 16 [97]
Summit IPS [ ⚑ ] 13°56′S 70°50′W / 13.93333°S 70.83333°W / -13.93333; -70.83333 5650 1976 15 [97]
Huascaran 6048 1993 160, 166 [39]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Not included in MacKinnon's 1980 catalogue.[6] Ueda & Talalay make it clear that a coring drill was used for this hole but not whether a core was retrieved.[4]
  2. ↑ The core site was 7 km south of Mirny ( [ ⚑ ] 66°33′S 93°1′E / 66.55°S 93.01667°E / -66.55; 93.01667).[4]
  3. ↑ The core site was 45 km south of Mirny ( [ ⚑ ] 66°33′S 93°1′E / 66.55°S 93.01667°E / -66.55; 93.01667).[4]
  4. ↑ Not included in MacKinnon's 1980 catalogue.[6] Three holes were drilled to a total combined depth of 101 m; the deepest was 77 m.[13]
  5. ↑ A 10 m core was drilled every 100 km between [ ⚑ ] 69°0′S 39°35′E / 69°S 39.58333°E / -69; 39.58333 and 90°00′S.[19]
  6. ↑ Ueda and Talalay (2007) mention two test holes of 35 m each, but do not say whether cores were retrieved, though the drill was able to recover cores.[13]
  7. ↑ Hole 1 was drilled to 952 m between 1969 and 1972. An offset hole, 1-bis, was started at 30 m down hole 1 in 1972, and reached 780 m the following year. Another offset hole, 1-2bis, was begun at 307 m in hole 1-bis, and reached 905 m.[25]
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Drilled along the traverse from Mirny to Vostok.[26]
  9. ↑ The hole was drilled in 1971 to 108 m, and then extended to 224 m in between 1974 and 1976. An offset hole, 2-bis, was begun in 1976, but the drill got stuck after only a few runs; the additional depth drilled was not recorded and Vasiliev does not report whether any cores were recovered.[27]
  10. ↑ MacKinnon's 1980 catalogue includes a 1974-1975 Novolazarevskaya core at [ ⚑ ] 70°46′S 11°50′E / 70.76667°S 11.83333°E / -70.76667; 11.83333 which is not mentioned in other sources, but it does not include this 374 m core, so the two seem to be the same despite the slight differences in coordinates and depth.[31][32]
  11. ↑ Bentley & Koci give the depth of this hole as 412 m.[31]
  12. ↑ Begun in 1976, this hole reached 721 m during the 1978-1979 drilling season. A new offset hole was accidentally started at 500 m while reaming, and the new hole reached 750 m.[38]
  13. ↑ MacKinnon's 1980 catalogue gives the altitude as c. 500 m.[6]
  14. ↑ MacKinnon (1980) lists two cores in the 1977/1978 season, at c. [ ⚑ ] 64°20′S 57°30′W / 64.33333°S 57.5°W / -64.33333; -57.5 and c. 1628 m altitude,[18] but Aristarain (1981), the paper that describes these cores, only lists one core, from December 1977, as given here.[40]
  15. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Thwaites1984
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Thompson et al. list six cores obtained on the Dyer Plateau but do not give exact locations or altitudes. They give the plateau's coordinates as [ ⚑ ] 70°40′16″S 64°52′30″W / 70.67111°S 64.875°W / -70.67111; -64.875, with altitude 2002 m, and then say that in 1988–1989 "two ice cores were drilled to a depth of 108 m at a location 6 km west of the divide. In 1989–90, two cores were recovered 1 m apart on the crest of the Dyer Plateau (core 1 — 233.8 m and core 2 — 235.2 m) and two 50 m cores were drilled 4 km east of the divide".[49] Peel et al. list one core for 1988-1989, at 104 m, which is presumably one of the 108 m cores listed by Thompson et al.[42]
  17. ↑ Drilling took place in 1990-1993, 1995-1998, and 2005-2006. Hole 5G reached 2259 m; in 1992 an offset hole, 5G-1, was begun, reaching 3650 m in 2006.[51]
  18. ↑ Zagorodnov et al. list this core along with two of the Abramov Glacier cores as all having the same altitude, 4400 m. MacKinnon gives the lower altitude.[39][62]
  19. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named DII
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Not included in MacKinnon's 1980 catalog.[69]
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 MacKinnon's 1980 catalogue lists three 60 m cores in 1968.[63] Gillet et al. do not explicitly list all the cores, but say that one of the 1968 cores was 67 m, and there was a 72 m core in 1969. This list assumes these are two of the cores on MacKinnon's list.[28]
  22. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MackT3
  23. ↑ The altitude is assumed here to be the same as that of the other Crête cores at the same coordinates.[79]
  24. ↑ The altitude is assumed here to be the same as that of the other Dye 2 cores at the same coordinates.[69]
  25. ↑ MacKinnon gives the coordinates as [ ⚑ ] 72°17′N 37°56′W / 72.28333°N 37.93333°W / 72.28333; -37.93333[69]
  26. ↑ MacKinnon gives the date of this core as 1978.[69]
  27. ↑ MacKinnon gives the depth of this core as 90.[69]
  28. ↑ Benson gives a map from which the altitude can be seen to be between 4060 m and 4070 m.[96]

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 MacKinnon (1980), p. 41.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 MacKinnon (1980), pp. 17-18.
  3. ↑ MacKinnon (1980), p. 49.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Ueda & Talalay (2007), p. 3.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Ueda & Talalay (2007), pp. 1, 6.
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 6.19 6.20 6.21 6.22 6.23 MacKinnon (1980), pp. 49-50.
  7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.22 7.23 7.24 7.25 7.26 7.27 7.28 7.29 7.30 7.31 7.32 7.33 7.34 7.35 7.36 MacKinnon (1980), pp. 51-53.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Langway (1974), p. 72.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Langway (2008), p. 114.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Patton et al. (1965), p. 48.
  11. ↑ 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 MacKinnon (1980), pp. 44-45.
  12. ↑ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 MacKinnon (1980), pp. 45-46.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Ueda & Talalay (2007), pp. 7-8.
  14. ↑ Langway (2008), p. 107.
  15. ↑ Jouzel (2013), p. 2526.
  16. ↑ "ITASE iceREADER – Data Info" (in en). http://www.icereader.org/icereader/dataInfo.jsp?tableName=usitase$Byrd$info. 
  17. ↑ "Station Name: Byrd Station". ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/ANTARCTICA/AM/89125.TXT. 
  18. ↑ 18.00 18.01 18.02 18.03 18.04 18.05 18.06 18.07 18.08 18.09 18.10 18.11 18.12 18.13 18.14 18.15 18.16 18.17 18.18 18.19 18.20 18.21 18.22 18.23 18.24 18.25 18.26 18.27 18.28 18.29 MacKinnon (1980), pp. 43-53.
  19. ↑ 19.00 19.01 19.02 19.03 19.04 19.05 19.06 19.07 19.08 19.09 19.10 19.11 19.12 MacKinnon (1980), p. 48.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 Langway & Chiang (1976), p. 291.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Bentley & Koci (2007), p. 2.
  22. ↑ Bird (1974), p. 10.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Ueda & Talalay (2007), pp. 9-11.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Vasiliev et al. (2007), p. 10,13.
  25. ↑ Vasiliev et al. (2013), pp. 10-12.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Ueda & Talalay (2007), p. 16.
  27. ↑ Vasiliev et al. (2013), pp. 14-15.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 Gillet et al. (1974), p. 23.
  29. ↑ 29.00 29.01 29.02 29.03 29.04 29.05 29.06 29.07 29.08 29.09 29.10 29.11 29.12 29.13 29.14 29.15 29.16 29.17 29.18 29.19 29.20 29.21 29.22 29.23 29.24 29.25 29.26 29.27 29.28 29.29 MacKinnon (1980), pp. 46-47.
  30. ↑ Ueda & Talalay (2007), p. 20.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 31.5 31.6 31.7 31.8 Bentley & Koci (2007), p. 3.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 Korotkevich (1978), pp. 3-4.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 33.5 Peel (2004), p. 552.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 34.4 34.5 Peel et al. (1988), p. 131.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 Langway & Chiang (1977), p. 155.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 Langway & Herron (1977), p. 153.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 37.4 37.5 37.6 37.7 "niclsite.xls". 1996. ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/nicl/niclsite.xls. 
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Ueda & Talalay (2007), pp. 23-25.
  39. ↑ 39.00 39.01 39.02 39.03 39.04 39.05 39.06 39.07 39.08 39.09 39.10 39.11 39.12 39.13 39.14 39.15 39.16 39.17 Zagorodnov et al. (1998), p. 190.
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Aristarain (1981), p. 372.
  41. ↑ "Historical N2O Record from the "BHD" Ice Core at Law Dome (Antarctica) in CDIAC, Trends '93". https://gcmd.nasa.gov/KeywordSearch/Metadata.do?Portal=amd&KeywordPath=Parameters%7CTERRESTRIAL+HYDROSPHERE%7CSNOW%26%2347%3BICE%7CSNOW%26%2347%3BICE+CHEMISTRY&OrigMetadataNode=GCMD&EntryId=CDIAC_N2O_BHD&MetadataView=Full&MetadataType=0&lbnode=mdlb1. 
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 42.4 Peel et al. (2013), p. 247.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 Gillet et al. (1984), p. 73.
  44. ↑ Litwak et al. (1984), pp. 43-44.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 Legrand & Mayewski (1997), p. 229.
  46. ↑ Thompson et al. (1994), p. 423.
  47. ↑ Peel & Mulvaney (1992), p. 432.
  48. ↑ Etheridge et al. (1992), p. 284.
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 Thompson et al. (1994), p. 420.
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 Bentley & Koci (2007), p. 5.
  51. ↑ Vasiliev et al. (2013), pp. 17-19.
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 Wagenbach et al. (1994), p. 310.
  53. ↑ Abram et al. (2007), p. 3.
  54. ↑ Pasteur et al. (1995), p. 170.
  55. ↑ Morgan et al. (1997), p. 4.
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 Mulvaney et al. (2002), p. 46.
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 57.3 57.4 Bentley & Koci (2007), p. 4.
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 58.2 58.3 58.4 58.5 Hofstede et al. (2004), p. 279.
  59. ↑ Zagorodnov et al. (2012), p. 675.
  60. ↑ Goodwin et al. (2016), p. 2582.
  61. ↑ Goodwin et al. (2016), p. 2593.
  62. ↑ 62.00 62.01 62.02 62.03 62.04 62.05 62.06 62.07 62.08 62.09 62.10 62.11 62.12 62.13 62.14 62.15 MacKinnon (1980), p. 40.
  63. ↑ 63.00 63.01 63.02 63.03 63.04 63.05 63.06 63.07 63.08 63.09 63.10 63.11 63.12 63.13 63.14 63.15 63.16 63.17 63.18 63.19 63.20 63.21 63.22 63.23 63.24 63.25 63.26 63.27 63.28 63.29 63.30 63.31 63.32 63.33 63.34 63.35 63.36 63.37 63.38 63.39 63.40 63.41 63.42 63.43 MacKinnon (1980), pp. 37-39.
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 64.2 64.3 64.4 64.5 64.6 64.7 64.8 64.9 MacKinnon (1980), p. 36.
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 65.2 65.3 MacKinnon (1980), p. 39.
  66. ↑ 66.00 66.01 66.02 66.03 66.04 66.05 66.06 66.07 66.08 66.09 66.10 66.11 66.12 66.13 66.14 66.15 66.16 66.17 66.18 66.19 66.20 66.21 66.22 66.23 66.24 66.25 66.26 66.27 66.28 66.29 66.30 66.31 66.32 66.33 66.34 66.35 66.36 66.37 66.38 66.39 66.40 66.41 66.42 66.43 66.44 66.45 66.46 66.47 66.48 66.49 66.50 66.51 66.52 MacKinnon (1980), pp. 26-29.
  67. ↑ Holdsworth et al. (2004), p. 484.
  68. ↑ Osterberg et al. (2014), p. 11191.
  69. ↑ 69.00 69.01 69.02 69.03 69.04 69.05 69.06 69.07 69.08 69.09 69.10 69.11 69.12 69.13 69.14 69.15 69.16 69.17 69.18 69.19 69.20 69.21 69.22 69.23 69.24 69.25 69.26 69.27 69.28 69.29 69.30 69.31 69.32 69.33 69.34 69.35 69.36 69.37 69.38 69.39 69.40 69.41 69.42 69.43 69.44 69.45 69.46 69.47 69.48 69.49 69.50 69.51 69.52 69.53 69.54 69.55 69.56 69.57 69.58 69.59 69.60 69.61 69.62 69.63 69.64 69.65 69.66 69.67 69.68 69.69 69.70 69.71 MacKinnon (1980), pp. 31-35.
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 70.2 Langway (2008), p. 103.
  71. ↑ 71.00 71.01 71.02 71.03 71.04 71.05 71.06 71.07 71.08 71.09 71.10 Weidick (1995), p. C115
  72. ↑ Tschaen,, Revue XYZ, No 147, p69 (2016)
  73. ↑ Langway (1967), p. 3.
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 Langway (1967), p. vi.
  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 Langway (1967), p. 5.
  76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 76.2 Langway (2008), p. 106.
  77. ↑ 77.00 77.01 77.02 77.03 77.04 77.05 77.06 77.07 77.08 77.09 77.10 77.11 77.12 77.13 77.14 77.15 Rapp (2012), p. 139.
  78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 Langway (2008), p. 109.
  79. ↑ 79.00 79.01 79.02 79.03 79.04 79.05 79.06 79.07 79.08 79.09 79.10 79.11 79.12 79.13 79.14 79.15 Langway, Oeschger & Dansgaard (1985), p. 3.
  80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 80.2 80.3 80.4 Bory et al. table 1a (2003)
  81. ↑ Weidick (1995), p. C14.
  82. ↑ "Drilling to bedrock" (in en). 2008-10-01. http://www.iceandclimate.nbi.ku.dk/research/drill_analysing/history_drilling/drill_bedrock/. 
  83. ↑ 83.0 83.1 83.2 83.3 83.4 83.5 83.6 83.7 83.8 Clausen, Gundestrup, Johnsen, Ann. Glac. 10 (1988)
  84. ↑ 84.0 84.1 Alley & Koci (1988), p. 1.
  85. ↑ Johnsen et al. (1992), p. 313.
  86. ↑ "GISP2 Home Page". http://www.gisp2.sr.unh.edu/. 
  87. ↑ "Ice Cores That Tell The Past". http://www.gisp2.sr.unh.edu/MoreInfo/Ice_Cores_Past.html. 
  88. ↑ 88.00 88.01 88.02 88.03 88.04 88.05 88.06 88.07 88.08 88.09 88.10 88.11 88.12 88.13 88.14 88.15 88.16 88.17 88.18 88.19 88.20 88.21 88.22 88.23 88.24 88.25 88.26 88.27 88.28 88.29 88.30 88.31 88.32 88.33 88.34 88.35 88.36 88.37 88.38 88.39 88.40 88.41 88.42 88.43 88.44 88.45 Mosley-Thompson et al. (2001), p.p. 33840-33841.
  89. ↑ 89.0 89.1 "Annual Accumulation Data from 1997 and 1998 PARCA Ice Cores, Version 1 | National Snow and Ice Data Center". http://nsidc.org/data/NSIDC-0624/versions/1. 
  90. ↑ Lemark (2010),A study of the Flade Isblink ice cap using a simple ice flow model, M.Sc. thesis
  91. ↑ Dahl-Jensen et al. (2016), p. 56.
  92. ↑ Hansen, Lone Holm (2010-07-27). "Bedrock!!!" (in en). http://neem.dk/field_diaries_folder/uk_diaries_2010/2010-07-27/. 
  93. ↑ Rasmussen et al. (2013), p. 2713.
  94. ↑ Dahl-Jensen et al. (2016), p. 54.
  95. ↑ 95.0 95.1 95.2 95.3 95.4 95.5 95.6 95.7 MacKinnon (1980), p. 30.
  96. ↑ 96.0 96.1 Benson (1984), pp. 61-62.
  97. ↑ 97.0 97.1 97.2 97.3 97.4 MacKinnon (1980), p. 42.

Sources



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