Earth:List of places with columnar jointed volcanics

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Short description: Polygonal stone columns
Basalt columns seen on Porto Santo Island, Portugal

Columnar jointing of volcanic rocks exists in many places on Earth. Perhaps the most famous basalt lava flow in the world is the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland, in which the vertical joints form polygonal columns and give the impression of having been artificially constructed.

Notable columnar jointed volcanics

Africa

  • Bugarama in Rusizi, Rwanda[citation needed] Columnar jointing in Rusizi district, Nzahaha Sector. This may have formed from contractional cooling of basaltic lavas.
  • Foreke Quarry, Foreke Dachang, Cameroon
  • Ikom Columnar Basalt in Cross River State, Nigeria [1]
  • Numan, Nigeria[2]
  • "Organ Pipes" near Twyfelfontein, Namibia[3]
  • Rochester Falls, Mauritius
  • Seliana, Tunisia[citation needed]
  • Isle de la Madeleine, Dakar, Senegal

South Asia

India

In India, columnars are found in several places across the volcanic traps such as 6.5 crore or 65 million years ago (Mya) old deccan traps in South India and 14.5 crore or 145 mya old Rajmahal Traps in Eastern India.

Interlocked basaltic columns at the top of Kavadia mountain at Dewas district in India.
  • Karnataka
    • St. Mary's Island columnars near Malpe in Udupi district of Karnataka state.[4]
  • Madhya Pradesh
    • Kavadia Pahad columnars: Forest area near Bagli & Pipari village of Dewas District in Madhya Pradesh. The rock formation is at Kavadia Pahad which is a series of seven mountain ranges.[5]
    • Linga columnars: 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) south of Chhindwara city.
    • Narsinghpur columnar joints in Deccan Basalts near Narsinghpur.
  • Maharashtra
    • Bandivade columnars: found at Bandivade village bear Panhala in Kolhapur district of Maharashtra.[6]
    • Manmad columnars
    • Muktagiri columnars jointing in basalt lava flows of Muktagiri section in Amravati district.
  • Telangana
    • Adilabad district columnars.[7]
    • Borilalguda columnars: Found on a small hillock inside the reserve forest of Borilalguda village in Kerameri tehsil of Komaram Bheem Asifabad district.[8]
    • Medak district columnars.[7]
    • Nizamabad district columnars.[7]
    • Rangareddy district columnars.[7]

West Asia

Armenia
Garni Gorge, Armenia
Turkey
Vertically jointed columnar basalt of Basalt Rocks Natural Monument in Turkey

Middle East

Iran
Syria / Israel (disputed)
Meshushim River, with prominent hexagonal basalt columns

East Asia

Curved columns of rhyolitic tuff at the Hong Kong High Island Reservoir
China
  • Heiyuhe Columnar Joints (黑鱼河柱状节理) [Xianrenqiao (仙人桥)], Longchuan River (龙川江) & Black Fish River, Tengchong
Hong Kong
  • Basalt Island area, Hong Kong; including High Island Reservoir area, Hong Kong; although the High Island Reservoir is not basalt but rhyolitic tuff, rich in potash feldspar and quartz phenocrysts.
Taiwan
  • Tongpan Basalt (桶盤玄武岩石柱), Tongpan Island and Hujing Island (Table island, 虎井嶼), Penghu Islands
  • The Whale Cave, on the seashore, in Penghu County
Japan
  • Natsudomari Peninsula, Hiranai, Aomori
  • Kawazu 7 waterfalls area, Izu Peninsula, Shizuoka
  • Tōjinbō, Mikuni, Fukui
  • Genbudō, Toyooka, Hyōgo
  • Takachiho-kyo gorge, Takachiho, Miyazaki
  • Keya no Oto, Itoshima, Fukuoka
  • Tatami-ishi, Kumejima, Okinawa
Columnar basalts at Cape Stolbchatiy, Kuril Islands, Russia
Mongolia
  • Kharandaa Khad in Taishir district, on Zavkhan River
Russia
South Korea

Southeast Asia

Indonesia
Close up view of stones atop Gunung Padang
Panorama atop Gunung Padang
  • Gunung Padang in West Java is also a manmade archaeological site.
  • Gunung Kelud in West Java has basalt columns visible south of the crater lake (Wanajay peak).
Malaysia
at Kg Balung Cocos, Tawau, Sabah
Basalt Columns exposed along a river in a remote place in Tawau, Malaysia
  • In Teck Guan Cocoa Village and in Giram River, Kampung Balung Cocos Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia.
Philippines
Thailand
  • Mon Hin Kong (Thai: ม่อนหินกอง), in a mountainous area of the Phi Pan Nam Range near Na Phun, Wang Chin District, Phrae Province, Thailand[14]
Vietnam
The Cliff of Stone Plates (Gành Đá Đĩa) near Tuy Hòa city, Phú Yên Province, Vietnam
La Concepción, Aculco, México

Central America

El Salvador
  • Cascada Los Tercios, Suchitoto
  • Concepción waterfall, Aculco
Panama
  • Los Ladrillos, Boquete
Costa Rica
  • Bajo Rodriguez, San Lorenzo de San Ramon

Europe

Basalt columns in the Rhön, North Bavaria, Germany
Columnar jointing in the basalt of the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland

Faroe Islands

  • Froðba, Hov
  • Hvalba and Trongisvágur, Suðuroy

France

  • Thueyts, Jaujac and Fabras, Ardèche
  • Saint-Flour, Cantal
  • Chilhac
  • Saint-Arcons
  • Prades
  • Saint-Clément
  • Moulin-Béraud
  • La Tour-d'Auvergne
  • Bort-les-Orgues
  • Scandola Nature Reserve, Corsica

Germany

  • Linz am Rhein, Mendig, Mayen, Rhineland-Palatinate
  • Hoher Hagen (Dransfeld), Lower Saxony
  • Rhön, North Bavaria
  • Stolpen, Saxony
  • Scharfenstein, Hesse
  • Weiselberg, Saarland

Greenland

  • Qeqertarsuaq, Disko Island[15]

Hungary

  • Badacsony
  • Bér
  • Szanda
  • Szilváskő
  • Hegyestű
  • Szent-György-hegy
  • Gulács
  • Haláp
  • Hajagos
  • Uzsa

Iceland

  • Aldeyjarfoss, Þingeyjarsveit
  • Borgarvirki
  • Dverghamrar, Kirkjubæjarklaustur
  • Gerðuberg
  • Hellnahraun near Arnarstapi, Snæfellsbær
  • Hljóðaklettar, Jökulsárgljúfur
  • Kirkjugólf, Kirkjubæjarklaustur
  • Kálfshamarsvík, Austur-Húnavatnssýsla
  • Litlanesfoss, Fljótsdalshreppur
  • Reynisdrangar and Reynisfjara, Vík í Mýrdal
  • Stuðlagil, East of Iceland
  • Svartifoss, Skaftafell

Italy

Ponta da Ajuda, Azores.jpg

Portugal

  • Rocha dos Bordões cliffs, Flores, Azores
  • Pico de Ana Ferreira, Porto Santo[16]
  • Penedo do Lexim, Mafra
  • Ponta da Ajuda, Fenais da Ajuda, São Miguel island Ilha de São Miguel, Azores

Sardinia

  • Cuccureddu de Zeppara, Guspini
  • Capu Nieddu, Cuglieri
  • Is Aruttas Santas, Villaurbana

Slovakia

  • Šomoška

Spain

United Kingdom

  • Giant's Causeway, Northern Ireland
  • The islands of Canna, Eigg, and Muck, Scotland
  • Cullernose Point, near Craster, Northumberland, England[19]
  • The northern part of the Isle of Skye, Scotland
  • The Isle of Mull and the nearby beach of Morvern, Scotland
  • Samson's ribs, Scotland
  • Fingal's Cave and Staffa, Scotland
  • Pen Anglas, Pembrokeshire, Wales[20]
  • Ulva, Scotland
  • Cave Dale, Castleton, Peak District

Other

Volcanic rock columns, Milos
  • Coloanele de bazalt de la Racoș, Romania
  • Thunderstruck Rocks (Detunatele), Romania
  • Bazaltove, Ukraine

North America

Columnar jointing in the basalt of the Pain de sucre (sugar loaf) in les Saintes, French West Indies
Columnar basalt at Devil's Postpile in California
Devils Tower, Wyoming
Canada
  • North Mountain, Nova Scotia
  • Grand Manan Island (western shorelines), New Brunswick
  • Brandywine Falls Provincial Park, British Columbia
  • Cardiff Mountain, Chilcotin Plateau, British Columbia
  • Keremeos Columns, Keremeos, British Columbia
  • Aberdeen Columns, Lavington, British Columbia
  • Wells Gray Provincial Park, British Columbia (Moul Falls, Dragon's Tongue, Helmcken Falls)
  • Mount Edziza volcanic complex, British Columbia
  • Level Mountain, British Columbia
  • Teapot Mountain, Prince George, British Columbia
  • Kelowna, British Columbia (Mount Boucherie, Spion Kopje)
  • Devils Woodpile, British Columbia (Cathedral Provincial Park)
  • Tow Hill, British Columbia
  • Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec
  • Simpson Island, Lake Superior National Marine Conservation Area, Rossport, Ontario

Caribbean

  • Pain de sucre (sugar loaf) Îles des Saintes

United States

  • Akun Island, Alaska (54.1374618, -165.6120578)
  • Block Mountain, Montana (along the lower Big Hole River)
  • Boiling Pots, Hilo, Hawaii (exposed by the Wailuku River)
  • Cascade Range, Oregon, in Eugene and southeast of Molalla
  • Columbia Plateau, Washington (state)
  • Columns of the Giants, Stanislaus National Forest, California
  • Compton Peak in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia[22][23]
  • Devils Postpile National Monument, California
  • Devils Tower National Monument, Wyoming
  • Drumheller Channels National Natural Landmark, Washington
  • Elk River Falls, Idaho
  • Hughes Mountain, Missouri
  • Hyalite Falls, Gallatin Mountain Range, Montana
  • Whiterock Canyon, New Mexico, various cliffs and mesas from Otowi to Cochiti.
  • Latourell Falls, Oregon
  • Mount Tom (Massachusetts)
  • Palisades Sill, New Jersey and New York, along the Hudson River
  • Paul Bunyan's Woodpile, Juab County, Utah[24]
  • Sheepeater Cliff & multiple other areas in Yellowstone National Park
  • Hemlock Falls, First Watchung Mountain,[25] South Mountain Reservation, South Orange, New Jersey
  • Spokane, Washington (W Airport Dr. onramp)
  • Stanford Rock, Lake Tahoe, California
  • Sweetwater Canyon, Madison County, Montana
  • Toketee Falls, Oregon
  • Turtleback Mountain, Moultonborough, New Hampshire
  • Whatcom County, Washington[26]
Basalt columns in the Mascota River, Mexico
Basaltic Prisms of Santa María Regla in Huasca de Ocampo, Hidalgo

Mexico

Oceania

Cape Raoul, Tasmania
Blackhead, Dunedin, New Zealand
Australia
  • Bombo Latite, Bombo, New South Wales
  • Narooma Basalt, Narooma, New South Wales
  • Fingal Head, New South Wales
  • Battery Rock Rest Area, Located on the Golden Highway, 15 kilometres southeast of Merriwa and 19 kilometres northwest of Sandy Hollow on the western side of the highway.[28] NSW
  • Sawn Rocks, Mount Kaputar National Park, New South Wales[29]
  • Glass House Mountains, Queensland
  • Burleigh Head National Park, Queensland
  • Mount Scoria Conservation Park, Thangool, Queensland[30]
  • Ben Lomond National Park, Tasmania
  • Cape Raoul, Tasmania
  • Ruined Castle, Falls Creek, Victoria[31]
  • Organ Pipes National Park, Victoria
  • Barfold Gorge, Campaspe River, Victoria
  • Black Point, D'Entrecasteaux National Park, Western Australia
  • Wyalup-Rocky Point, Bunbury, Western Australia[32]
Federated States of Micronesia
  • Pwisehn Malek, Pohnpei, Caroline Islands
New Zealand

South America

Mars

Columnar jointed rocks in unnamed crater wall, Marte Vallis region, Mars. Image courtesy of the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment, Arizona State University.

Several exposures of columnar jointing have been discovered on the planet Mars by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera, which is carried by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO).

Uses

A view of Gunung Padang

A likely Hindu-origin ancient site at Gunung Padang in West Java, Indonesia was built by horizontally laying basalt columns to form terraces on the slope of a hill and creating open-roofed chambers by erecting vertical columns. A now-ruined thirteenth-century religious complex called Nan Madol was built using columnar basalt quarried from various locations on the island of Pohnpei in Micronesia.

Gallery

  • Engraving of a basalt formation; from: Alberto Fortis, Della valle vulcanico-marina di Roncà nel territorio veronese (1778)

  • Basalt rocks near Detunata Goală east of Bucium, Romania

  • Basalt rocks on the Hirtstein in the Ore Mountains

  • The Bühren Organ Pipes

  • Basalt columns of Porto Santo, Archipelago of Madeira

  • Garni Gorge, Armenia

See also

  • Ringing rocks

References

  1. ↑ Udinmwen, E; Oden, M.I; Ukwang, E.E; Edu, E.S (2016). "Structural Geometry of Ikom Columnar Basalt in the Ikom – Mamfe Basin, Southeastern Nigeria". http://www.aiscience.org/journal/paperInfo/jeas?paperId=3074. 
  2. ↑ Ntekim, E. E.; Adekeye, J. I. D. (2003). "Petrography and geochemistry of basaltic rocks from the northcentral part of Yola Basin, N.E. Nigeria". Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Science 18: 1430–1437. https://www.unilorin.edu.ng/publications/adekeyejid/P12.%20Petrography%20and%20Geochemistry%20of%20Basaltic%20Rocks.pdf. Retrieved 2016-02-18. 
  3. ↑ Grunert, Nicole (2000). Namibia: Fascination of Geology – A Travel Handbook. Windhoek: Klaus Hess. pp. 73–74. ISBN 99916-747-8-0. 
  4. ↑ Columnar Basaltic Lava, Coconut Island (St. Mary's Islands), Udupi District, Karnataka, Geological Survey of India.
  5. ↑ "Rare rock formation found in Dewas". The Times of India. 24 December 2012. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/Rare-rock-formation-found-in-Dewas-district/articleshow/17744224.cms. 
  6. ↑ Rare basalt columns found in village in Kolhapur, Business Line, 6 Sept 2018.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Telangana: 6.5 crore-year-old basalt columns discovered in Adilabad forest, Times of India, 9 Aug 2021.
  8. ↑ Columnar basalt formations found in Asifabad forests in Telangana, Indian Express, 6 June 2022.
  9. ↑ Kölbl-Ebert, Martina; Colicchio, Stéphanie (2014). "The Boyabat Basalt Cliffs". l'association de la Maison de la Géologie et de l'Environnement de Haute-Alsace. http://geologie-alsace.fr/images/dossiers/boyabatbasaltcliffsb.pdf. 
  10. ↑ "Мыс Столбчатый". http://www.webpark.ru/comment/53251. 
  11. ↑ Po, Kimberly (27 April 2014). "H E L L O ♥ K I M M Y : Dunsulan Falls Of Bataan". http://hellowkimmy.blogspot.com/2014/04/dunsulan-falls-of-bataan.html. 
  12. ↑ "Bataan Day Trip: Mount Samat and Dunsulan Falls Itinerary". 27 February 2016. https://www.janegalvez.com/2016/02/27/bataan-day-trip-mount-samat-and-dunsulan-falls/. 
  13. ↑ "Bulingan Falls". 28 August 2013. http://www.choosephilippines.com/go/water-forms/586/bulingan-falls. 
  14. ↑ ม่อนเสาหินพิศวง Wonderful Mountain Of Colunnar
  15. ↑ Scott, Chris (31 October 2017). "The Grand Canyon of the Arctic Circle". https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/disko-island-greenland/index.html. 
  16. ↑ "PSt04 - Pico de Ana Ferreira". https://geodiversidade.madeira.gov.pt/en/geosites/porto-santo/pst04-pico-de-ana-ferreira.html. 
  17. ↑ Gobierno vasco. "Basaltos de Fruiz" (in Spanish). Inventario lugares de interés geológico en la comunidad autónoma del País Vasco. http://www.ingurumena.ejgv.euskadi.eus/r49-u95/es/contenidos/informacion/lig/es_def/adjuntos/036.pdf. 
  18. ↑ La Gomera: basalt cliffs Los Organos, Commons.wikimedia.org
  19. ↑ Hazelhurst, S Rennie (22 November 2012). Northumberland. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107677500. https://books.google.com/books?id=FLRvFIqbhFgC. Retrieved 5 August 2022. 
  20. ↑ "Jaw-dropping geology from Strumble Head to Cardigan". https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/strumble-head-to-cardigan/features/jaw-dropping-geology-from-strumble-head-to-cardigan. 
  21. ↑ "Panská skála". http://www.luzicke-hory.cz/mista/index.php?pg=zmpansc. 
  22. ↑ Callan Bentley (14 November 2011). "Compton Peak: superb columnar jointing". http://blogs.agu.org/mountainbeltway/2011/11/14/compton-peak-superb-columnar-jointing/. 
  23. ↑ "Greenstone lava flows - National Park Service, Shenandoah National Park, Learn About the Park". 26 February 2015. https://www.nps.gov/shen/learn/nature/greenstone.htm. 
  24. ↑ "GeoSights: Paul Bunyan's Woodpile, Juab County – Utah Geological Survey" (in en-US). https://geology.utah.gov/map-pub/survey-notes/geosights/paul-bunyans-wood-pile/. 
  25. ↑ [1] Geology of the New York City Regions
  26. ↑ File:Columnar basalt.jpg (Wikimedia Commons)
  27. ↑ "México Travel Club". https://www.mexicotravelclub.com/cascada-salto-de-san-anton-en-cuernavaca-morelos. 
  28. ↑ "Merriwa NSW Free Rest Areas". http://highwaytraveller.com.au/towns/nsw/merriwa/free-rest-areas. 
  29. ↑ "Sawn Rocks, Mount Kaputar National Park". NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service. http://www.visitnarrabri.cfm.predelegation.com/files/uploaded/file/Information%20Leaflets/Sawn%20Rocks%20Leaflet%20new_sm.pdf. 
  30. ↑ Mount Scoria culture
  31. ↑ Ruined Castle - Panoramio
  32. ↑ "Bunbury Basalt". Western Australian Museum. http://museum.wa.gov.au/research/collections/earth-and-planetary-sciences/rock-collection/bunbury-basalt. Retrieved 6 March 2021. 
  33. ↑ "Black Head : Vegetation Condition After Quarrying". http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/science-and-technical/casn95.pdf. 
  34. ↑ "New Zealand Tramper - A community for good, keen trampers and hikers". https://tramper.nz/. 
  35. ↑ The Pinnacles, Mt Somers on flickr
  36. ↑ "Mars and Earth: Columnar Jointing". 10 June 2009. https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/38904/mars-and-earth-columnar-jointing. 



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