Earth:Outline of geology

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Short description: Hierarchical outline list of articles related to geology


The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to geology:

Geology – one of the Earth sciences – is the study of the Earth, with the general exclusion of present-day life, flow within the ocean, and the atmosphere. The field of geology encompasses the composition, structure, physical properties, and history of Earth's components, and the processes by which it is shaped. Geologists typically study rock, sediment, soil, rivers, and natural resources.


Branches of geology

Geology applies primarily to Earth, but can be applied to any planet or extraterrestrial body.

Geology of Earth

Subdisciplines of geology:

Planetary geology

See also: Astronomy:Geology of solar terrestrial planets – Geology of Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars and Ceres

Earth:Planetary geology – Geology of astronomical objects apparently in orbit around stellar objects

Principles of geology

Geological processes

History of geology

Geologic provinces

World geologic provinces
Oceanic crust
  0–20 Ma
  20–65 Ma
  >65 Ma
Geologic provinces
  Shield
  Platform
  Orogen
  Basin
  Large igneous province
  Extended crust


Geologic provinces based on origin:

  • Shield – Large stable area of exposed Precambrian crystalline rock
    • Platform – A continental area covered by relatively flat or gently tilted, mainly sedimentary strata
    • Earth:Island arc – Arc-shaped archipelago formed by intense seismic activity of long chains of active volcanoes
    • Earth:Continental arc – Type of volcanic arc occurring along a continental margin
    • Earth:Forearc – The region between an oceanic trench and the associated volcanic arc
  • Earth:Oceanic basin – Geologic basin under the sea
    • Cratonic basin – Old and stable part of the continental lithosphere
    • Earth:Foreland basin, also known as foredeep basin – Structural basin that develops adjacent and parallel to a mountain belt
  • Earth:Large igneous province – Huge regional accumulation of igneous rocks
  • Extended crust – Outermost solid shell of astronomical bodies
    • Earth:Rift – Geological linear zone where the lithosphere is being pulled apart

Plate tectonics

Occupations in geology

The Dictionary of Occupational Titles lists the following occupations in Geology, which it describes as "concerned with the investigation of the composition, structure, and physical and biological history of the earth's crust and the application of this knowledge in such fields as archeology, mining, construction, and environmental impact":[1]

  • Crystallographer – Scientific study of crystal structures
  • Geologist – Scientist who studies geology
  • Petroleum Geologist – Earth scientist who works in geological aspects of oil discovery and production
  • Geophysical Prospector – Systematic collection of geophysical data for spatial studies
  • Volcanologist
  • Engineer, Soils[2]
  • Geophysical-Laboratory Chief (Alternate Titles: Director, Geophysical)[3]
  • Geological Aide (Petrol. & Gas)[4]
  • Prospector – The physical search for minerals
  • Paleontological Helper – Study of life before 11,700 years ago
  • Laboratory Assistant (Petrol. & Gas) (Alternate Titles: Analyst, Geochemical Prospecting; Core Analyst; Laboratory Tester)[5]

Influential geologists

Geology lists

See also

References

External links