Earth:Pinjor Formation
From HandWiki
| Pinjor Formation Stratigraphic range: Pleistocene ~2.28–1.6 Ma Pleistocene | |
|---|---|
| Type | Geological formation |
| Underlies | Tatrot Formation |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | [ ⚑ ] : 30°42′N 76°48′E / 30.7°N 76.8°E |
| Paleocoordinates | [ ⚑ ] 29°12′N 77°18′E / 29.2°N 77.3°E |
| Region | Hariyana, Punjab India, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab Pakistan, Chandigarh |
| Country |  India |
  Pinjor Formation (India) | |
The Pinjor Formation is a Cenozoic geologic formation in India. The fossils of large crocodilians and mammals have been recovered from the formation.[1]
Paleobiota
Reptiles
| Reptiles from the Pinjor Formation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Material | Location | Notes | Images |
| Rhamphosuchus[2] | R. crassidens | piece of rostrum, middle portion of craniurns, hind portion of mandibular symphysis, quadrate and quadratojugal, partial mandibular symphysis, several vertebrae, left ilium, small left ilium, right fibula, and several scute. | Chandigarh | A large gavialid |  |
| Gavialis | G. browni | Chandigarh | Gharials |  | |
| G. gangeticus | |||||
| G. sp. | |||||
| Crocodylus | C. palustris | Chandigarh | Mugger crocodiles |  | |
| C. biporcatus | |||||
| C. palaeoindicus | |||||
| Varanus[3] | V. sivalensis | Distal end of right humerus and dorsal vertebrae | Chandigarh | A large monitor lizard similar to the Komodo dragon |  |
| Omegachelys | O. sahnii | Uttar Pradesh,
Himachal Pradesh |
An emydid turtle | ||
| Geoclemys | G. hamiltonii | Uttar Pradesh | A geoemydid turtle |  | |
| Hardella | H. thurjii | Uttar Pradesh | A geoemydidae turtle |  | |
| Megalochelys | sp. | Chandigarh | A tortoise |  | |
Mammals
| Mammals from the Pinjor Formation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Material | Location | Notes | Images |
| Elephas | E. maximus | Chandigarh | Asian elephants |  | |
| E. hysudricus | |||||
| E. planifrons | |||||
| E. platycephalus | |||||
| Mus | M. linnaeusi | Chandigarh | A rat | ||
| M. flynni | |||||
| Tatera | T. pinjoricus | Chandigarh | A gerbil | ||
| T. sp. | |||||
| Punjabitherium | P. platyrhinum | Punjab | A rhinoceros | ||
| Sivatherium | S. giganteum | Chandigarh | A giraffoid | 240px | |
| Coelodonta | C. platyrhinus | Chandigarh | A woolly rhinoceros | 240px | |
| Camelus | C. sivalensis[4] | Chandigarh | A camel | ||
| Stegodon | S. bombifrons | Chandigarh | A stegodontid | ||
| S. insignis | |||||
| Vishnuictis | V. durandi | Chandigarh | A large viverrid | ||
| Enhydriodon | E. sivalensis | Himachal Pradesh | A large otter | ||
| Crocidura | sp. | Chandigarh | A shrew | ||
| Golunda | sp. | Chandigarh | A murine rodent | ||
| Bandicota | sp. | Chandigarh | A murid rodent | ||
| Cremnomys | C. blanfordi | Chandigarh | A rodent | ||
| Crocidura | sp. | Chandigarh | A murid rodent | ||
| Dilatomys | sp. | Chandigarh | A murid rodent | ||
| Canis | C. pinjorensis | Chandigarh | A wolf | ||
| C. cautleys | |||||
| Megantereon | M. falconeri | Chandigarh | A smilodont | 240px | |
| M. palaeindicus | |||||
| Viverra | V. bakeri | Chandigarh | A civet | ||
| Amblonyx | A. indicus | Chandigarh | An otter | ||
| sp. | |||||
| Panthera | P. cristata | Chandigarh | A panther | ||
| Agriotherium | A. sivalensis | Chandigarh | A bear | ||
| Mellivora | M. sivalensis | Chandigarh | A Honey badger | ||
| Crocuta | C. sivalensis | Chandigarh | A Hyena | ||
| C. felina | |||||
| C. colvini | |||||
Crustaceans
| Crustaceans from the Pinjor Formation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Material | Location | Notes | Images |
| Potamon | sp. | Chandigarh | A crab | ||
References
- ↑ V. Kumaravel, S. J. Sangode; Rohtash Kumar, N. Siva Siddaiah (2005). "Magnetic polarity stratigraphy of Plio–Pleistocene Pinjor Formation (type locality), Siwalik Group, NW Himalaya, India". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad184. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24110713.
- ↑ Martin, J. E. (2018). "The taxonomic content of the genus Gavialis from the Siwalik Hills of India and Pakistan" (in en). Papers in Palaeontology 5 (3): 483–497. doi:10.1002/spp2.1247. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02123647/file/2019Gavialis.pdf.
- ↑ Hocknull, Scott; Piper, Philip; Van den Bergh, Gert; Due, Rokus; Morwood, Michael; Kurniawan, Iwan (2009). "Dragon's Paradise Lost: Palaeobiogeography, Evolution and Extinction of the Largest-Ever Terrestrial Lizards (Varanidae)". PLOS ONE 4 (9). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007241. PMID 19789642. PMC 2748693. Bibcode: 2009PLoSO...4.7241H. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26856417.
- ↑ Falconer, Hugh (1868). Palæontological Memoirs and Notes of the Late Hugh Falconer: Fauna antiqua sivalensis. R. Hardwicke. p. 231. https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_4r4wAQAAMAAJ.
 |  |
