Emptiness problem

In theoretical computer science and formal language theory, a formal language is empty if its set of valid sentences is the empty set. The emptiness problem is the question of determining whether a language is empty given some representation of it, such as a finite-state automaton. For an automaton having [math]\displaystyle{ n }[/math] states, this is a decision problem that can be solved in [math]\displaystyle{ O(n^2) }[/math] time, or in time [math]\displaystyle{ O(n+m) }[/math] if the automaton has n states and m transitions. However, variants of that question, such as the emptiness problem for non-erasing stack automata, are PSPACE-complete. The emptiness problem is undecidable for context-sensitive grammars, a fact that follows from the undecidability of the halting problem. It is, however, decidable for context-free grammars.

See also

• Intersection non-emptiness problem